scholarly journals Fungal Associates of Soft Scale Insects (Coccomorpha: Coccidae)

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Teresa Szklarzewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Michalik ◽  
Beata Grzywacz ◽  
Małgorzata Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Anna Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Fungal Symbiont ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Symbiont Transmission ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
First Time

Ophiocordyceps fungi are commonly known as virulent, specialized entomopathogens; however, recent studies indicate that fungi belonging to the Ophiocordycypitaceae family may also reside in symbiotic interaction with their host insect. In this paper, we demonstrate that Ophiocordyceps fungi may be obligatory symbionts of sap-sucking hemipterans. We investigated the symbiotic systems of eight Polish species of scale insects of Coccidae family: Parthenolecanium corni, Parthenolecanium fletcheri, Parthenolecanium pomeranicum, Psilococcus ruber, Sphaerolecanium prunasti, Eriopeltis festucae, Lecanopsis formicarum and Eulecanium tiliae. Our histological, ultrastructural and molecular analyses showed that all these species host fungal symbionts in the fat body cells. Analyses of ITS2 and Beta-tubulin gene sequences, as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that they should all be classified to the genus Ophiocordyceps. The essential role of the fungal symbionts observed in the biology of the soft scale insects examined was confirmed by their transovarial transmission between generations. In this paper, the consecutive stages of fungal symbiont transmission were analyzed under TEM for the first time.

scholarly journals From a Basic Microalga and an Acetic Acid Bacterium Cellulose Producer to a Living Symbiotic Biofilm

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Vítor Nóbrega ◽  
Marisa Faria ◽  
Antera Quintana ◽  
Manfred Kaufmann ◽  
Artur Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Living Material ◽  
First Time

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has recently been the subject of a considerable amount of research, not only for its environmentally friendly biosynthesis, but also for its high potential in areas such as biomedicine or biomaterials. A symbiotic relationship between a photosynthetic microalga, Chlamydomonas debaryana, and a cellulose producer bacterium, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans, was established in order to obtain a viable and active biofilm. The effect of the growth media composition ratio on the produced living material was investigated, as well as the microalgae biomass quantity, temperature, and incubation time. The optimal temperature for higher symbiotic biofilm production was 30 °C with an incubation period of 14 days. The high microalgae presence, 0.75% w/v, and 60:40 HS:BG-11 medium (v/v) induced a biofilm microalgae incorporation rate of 85%. The obtained results report, for the first time, a successful symbiotic interaction developed in situ between an alkaline photosynthetic microalga and an acetic acid bacterium. These results are promising and open a new window to BC living biofilm applications in medical fields that have not yet been explored.

On some new and old soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Africa, with description of a new Coccus species and introduction of a new genus 

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4612 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
BOŻENA ŁAGOWSKA ◽  
CHRIS J. HODGSON
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A new species of soft scale (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha; Cocccidae) from South Africa, Coccus giliomeei Łagowska & Hodgson sp. n., collected on Gymnosporia buxifolia (L.) Szyszyl, is described and illustrated. Also, Coccus rhodesiensis (Hall) is recorded for the first time from South Africa and is redescribed and illustrated based on the adult females of the type series and fresh South African specimens. An updated key to the species of Coccus and similar species known from Africa is included. Based on this latter study, (i) Marsipococcus proteae (Brain) and M. durbanensis (Brain) are considered not to be congeneric with Marsipococcus marsupialis (Green), the type species of Marsipococcus Cockerell & Bueker, and are placed in a new genus Proteacoccus Łagowska & Hodgson, gen. n. with Lecanium proteae Brain as the type species; (ii) it is considered that Coccus asiaticus Lindinger is clearly not a junior synonym of Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) and is accepted as a full species, rev. stat., and (iii) Neoplatylecanium adersi (Newstead) is considered to be non-conspecific with N. cinnamomi Takahashi, the type species of Neoplatylecanium Takahashi, and is transferred to Maacoccus Tao & Wong, as Maacoccus adersi (Newstead), comb. n. 

scholarly journals Glycodelin mRNA is expressed in the genital tract of male and female rats (Rattus norvegicus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Keil ◽  
B Husen ◽  
J Giebel ◽  
G Rune ◽  
R Walther
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
First Time

In the present study we demonstrate for the first time the expression of glycodelin mRNA in the female and male genital tracts of rats using non-radioactive in situ hybridisation. Glycodelin fragment 1 (+41 to +141) shares 100% homology with the human gene sequence. In the ovary, glycodelin mRNA was restricted to granulosa cells. In the uterus, glycodelin mRNA was expressed in all epithelial cells of the endometrium. In the male reproductive tract, glycodelin mRNA was distributed in all epithelial cells of the epididymis, the prostate and the seminal vesicle. However, in the testis, glycodelin mRNA was predominantly found in spermatogonia and in spermatocytes of the seminiferous epithelium. The expression in several reproductive organs of rats offers an excellent tool to study further the physiological role of glycodelin, which is so far thought to act as an immunosuppressive factor.

An in situ photoelectroreduction approach to fabricate Bi/BiOCl heterostructure photocathodes: understanding the role of Bi metal for solar water splitting

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4894-4903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqiang Fan ◽  
Chunfa Li ◽  
Hongye Bai ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
Bifu Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bi Nanoparticles ◽  
Pec Water Splitting

This paper presents for the first time a novel method of in situ depositing plasmonic Bi nanoparticles on BiOCl nanosheets (Bi/BiOCl) for PEC water splitting.

Arteries of the antebrachium and manus of the tokay (Gekko gecko) (Reptilia: Gekkonidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
Gekko Gecko ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Adhesive Pads ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

The role of the circulatory system in the functioning of the subdigital adhesive pads of geckoes has been the subject of much discussion. However, the morphology and configuration of the blood system in the foot has remained poorly understood, rendering functional interpretation of the blood sinuses simplistic. Here the major arterial vessels of the manus are described for the first time and a discussion of their geometry is presented. Due to the paucity of information concerning the arterial system of the appendages of lizards a description of the major vessels of the antebrachium is also given.The data presented are based on the study of material injected with low-viscosity silicone rubber and then cleared so that vessels may be studied in situ. The data are pertinent to subsequent discussions of the microvasculature of the subdigital lamellae and of reconsiderations of their structure and form.

scholarly journals Ooids forming in situ within microbial mats (Kiritimati atoll, central Pacific)

PalZ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Suarez-Gonzalez ◽  
Joachim Reitner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

AbstractOoids (subspherical particles with a laminated cortex growing around a nucleus) are ubiquitous in the geological record since the Archean and have been widely studied for more than two centuries. However, various questions about them remain open, particularly about the role of microbial communities and organic matter in their formation and development. Although ooids typically occur rolling around in agitated waters, here, we describe for the first time aragonite ooids forming statically within microbial mats from hypersaline ponds of Kiritimati (Kiribati, central Pacific). Subspherical particles had been previously observed in these mats and classified as spherulites, but these particles grow around autochthonous micritic nuclei, and many of them have laminated cortices, with alternating radial fibrous laminae and micritic laminae. Thus, they are compatible with the definition of the term ‘ooid’ and are in fact very similar to many modern and fossil examples. Kiritimati ooids are more abundant and developed in some ponds and in some particular layers of the microbial mats, which leads to the discussion and interpretation of their formation processes as product of mat evolution, through a combination of organic and environmental factors. Radial fibrous laminae are formed during periods of increased supersaturation, either by metabolic or environmental processes. Micritic laminae are formed in closer association with the mat exopolymer (EPS) matrix, probably during periods of lower supersaturation and/or stronger EPS degradation. Therefore, this study represents a step forward in the understanding of ooid development as influenced by microbial communities, providing a useful analogue for explaining similar fossil ooids.

scholarly journals Oomycete small RNAs invade the plant RNA-induced silencing complex for virulence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Dunker ◽  
Adriana Trutzenberg ◽  
Jan Samuel Rothenpieler ◽  
Sarah Kuhn ◽  
Reinhard Pröls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Race Pcr ◽  
Hyaloperonospora Arabidopsidis ◽  
First Time

AbstractFungal small RNAs (sRNAs) hijack the plant RNA silencing pathway to manipulate host gene expression, named cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi). It is currently unknown how conserved and significant ckRNAi is for microbial virulence. Here, we found for the first time that sRNAs of a pathogen representing the oomycete kingdom invade the host plant’s Argonaute (AGO)/RNA-induced silencing complex. To demonstrate the functionality of the plant-invading oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis sRNAs (HpasRNAs), we designed a novel CRISPR endoribonuclease Csy4/GUS repressor reporter to visualize in situ pathogen-induced target suppression in Arabidopsis thaliana host plant. By using 5’ RACE-PCR we demonstrated HpasRNAs-directed cleavage of plant mRNAs. The significant role of HpasRNAs together with AtAGO1 in virulence was demonstrated by plant atago1 mutants and by transgenic Arabidopsis expressing a target mimic to block HpasRNAs, that both exhibited enhanced resistance. Individual HpasRNA plant targets contributed to host immunity, as Arabidopsis gene knockout or HpasRNA-resistant gene versions exhibited quantitative enhanced or reduced susceptibility, respectively. Together with previous reports, we found that ckRNAi is conserved among oomycete and fungal pathogens.

scholarly journals Boosting the in situ encapsulation of proteins with MIL-100(Fe): the role of strong Lewis acid centers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Cases ◽  
Mónica Giménez-Marqués
Keyword(s):  
General Strategy ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Strong Lewis Acid ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Acid Centers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Surface Nature

Encapsulation of biomolecules using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) to form stable biocomposites has been demonstrated a valuable strategy for their preservation and controlled release, which has been however restricted to specific electrostatic surface conditions. We present a general in situ strategy that promotes the spontaneous MOF growth onto a broad variety of proteins, for the first time, regardless of their surface nature. We demonstrate that MOFs based on cations exhibiting considerable inherent acidity such as MIL-100(Fe) enable biomolecule encapsulation, including alkaline proteins previously inaccesible by the welldeveloped in situ encapsulation with azolate-based MOFs. In particular, MIL-100(Fe) scaffold permits effective encapsulation of proteins with very distinct surface nature, retaining their activity and allowing triggered release under biocompatible conditions. This general strategy will enable an ample use of biomolecules in desired biolotechnological applications.

Roland and Crusade Imagery in an English Royal Chapel: early thirteenth-century wall paintings in Claverley church, Shropshire

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 129-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
North Wall ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

A frieze of mounted knights, over 15m long, dominates the nave of the church of All Saints, Claverley, Shropshire. It is part of an extensive mural scheme from the first quarter of the thirteenth century. For the first time the status of Claverley as a Royal Chapel is recognized and the royal and crusading character of the imagery is discussed. The emperors Constantine and Heraclius are identified as part of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross subject on the north wall, and the Holy Cross is suggested as the unifying theme, pre-dating the Florentine mural cycle by Agnolo Gaddi by some 170 years. Claverley is also shown to have the only medieval mural of Roland, hero of the Chanson de Roland, to survive in situ. The historical background of the early years of Henry iii is examined and the possible role of Ranulf de Blondeville, earl of Chester, in commissioning the frieze is considered.

scholarly journals Role of PA2G4P4 pseudogene in bladder cancer tumorigenesis

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Laura Pisapia ◽  
Sara Terreri ◽  
Pasquale Barba ◽  
Marianna Mastroianni ◽  
Maria Donnini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
And Migration ◽  
First Time

Background: Many pseudogenes possess biological activities and play important roles in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer including bladder cancer (BlCa), which still lacks suitable molecular biomarkers. Recently, pseudogenes were found to be significantly enriched in a pan-cancer classification based on the Cancer Genome Atlas gene expression data. Among them, the top-ranking pseudogene was the proliferation-associated 2G4 pseudogene 4 (PA2G4P4). Methods: Genomic and transcript features of PA2G4P4 were determined by GeneBank database analysis followed by 5’ RACE experiments. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective molecular study on a cohort of 45 patients of BlCa. PA2G4P4 expression was measured by RT-qPCR, whereas PA2G4P4 transcript distribution was analyzed by in situ hybridization on both normal and cancerous histological sections and compared to the immunolocalization of its parental PA2G4/EBP1 protein. Finally, we tested the effects of PA2G4P4 depletion on proliferation, migration, and death of BlCa cells. Results: We showed for the first time PA2G4P4 overexpression in BlCa tissues and in cell lines. PA2G4P4 distribution strictly overlaps PA2G4/EBP1 protein localization. Moreover, we showed that PA2G4P4 knockdown affects both proliferation and migration of BlCa cells, highlighting its potential oncogenic role. Conclusions: PA2G4P4 may play a functional role as an oncogene in BlCa development, suggesting it as a good candidate for future investigation and new clinical applications.

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