scholarly journals Correlative Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy Showed Details of Mitophagy by Mitochondria Quality Control in Propionic Acid Treated SH-SY5Y Cell

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4336
Author(s):  
Minkyo Jung ◽  
Hyosun Choi ◽  
Jaekwang Kim ◽  
Ji Young Mun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Brain

Propionic acid is a metabolite of the microbiome and can be transported to the brain. Previous data show that propionic acid changes mitochondrial biogenesis in SH-SY5Y cells and induces abnormal autophagy in primary hippocampal neurons. Maintaining mitochondrial function is key to homeostasis in neuronal cells, and mitophagy is the selective autophagy involved in regulating mitochondrial quality. Monitoring mitophagy though light microscopy or conventional transmission electron microscopy separately is insufficient because phases of mitophagy, including autophagosome and autolysosome in nano-resolution, are critical for studies of function. Therefore, we used correlative light and electron microscopy to investigate mitochondrial quality in SH-SY5Y cells after propionic acid treatment to use the advantages of both techniques. We showed, with this approach, that propionic acid induces mitophagy associated with mitochondrial quality.

Scale structure and taxonomy of some species of Raphidocystis, Raphidiophrys, and Pompholyxophrys (Heliozoea) including descriptions of six new taxa

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1944-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Nicholls ◽  
M. Dürrschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
New Information ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

Sixteen taxa of the genera Raphidocystis, Raphidiophrys, and Pompholyxophrys from freshwater habitats in Canada, Chile, and New Zealand were studied by light and electron microscopy. Six taxa are described as new: Raphidocystis glabra, Raphidiophrys minuta, Raphidiophrys orbicularis ssp. orbicularis, R. orbicularis ssp. ovalis, Pompholyxophrys stellata, and P. ossea. New information on scale structure and arrangement based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy amplifies the taxonomic descriptions of Raphidiophrys ambigua, R. pallida, R. elegans, R. intermedia, R. marginata, R. symmetrica, Pompholyxophrys punicea, P. exigua, and P. ovuligera, which were previously imperfectly known by light microscopy only.

scholarly journals Template method for graphene synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
V. V. Chesnokov ◽  
A. S. Chichkan ◽  
A. F. Bedilo ◽  
E. I. Shuvarakova ◽  
V. N. Parmon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Template Method ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Graphene Synthesis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mgo Surface

A series of carbon-mineral composites with the carbon content varying from 1.5 to 12.2 wt.% was synthesized by MgO carbonization in 1,3-butadiene at 600 oC. The synthesized carbon-mineral composites were studied by EPR, XRD and transmission electron microscopy. It was shown by EPR that the MgO surface was completely covered with carbon after depositing 8-10 wt.% C. MgO from the composite was dissolved by treatment in hydrochloric acid. The surface area of the carbon samples obtained after the acid treatment was studied by thermal desorption of argon. It was shown that the synthesized carbon material consisted of several graphene layers. Specific surface area of the synthesized graphene had a maximum about 1800-1900 m2/g for samples obtained from C-MgO composites containing 8-10 wt.% C.

scholarly journals Protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on rat retinal neurons in hyperglycemia through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683-1689
Author(s):  
Xiang Gao ◽  
◽  
Xiao-Tian Zhang ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Retinal Neurons ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Brain

AIM: To explore whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC)-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-Exos) protect rat retinal neurons in high-glucose (HG) conditions by activating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB pathway. METHODS: hUCMSC-Exos were collected with differential ultracentrifugation methods and observed by transmission electron microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) was used to quantify BDNF in hUCMSC-Exos, and Western blot was used to identify surface markers of hUCMSC-Exos. Rat retinal neurons were divided into 4 groups. Furthermore, cell viability, cell apoptosis, and TrkB protein expression were measured in retinal neurons. RESULTS: hUCMSCs and isolated hUCMSC-Exos were successfully cultured. All hUCMSC-Exos showed a diameter of 30 to 150 nm and had a phospholipid bimolecular membrane structure, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. ELISA showed the BDNF concentration of hUCMSCs-Exos was 2483.16±281.75. hUCMSCs-Exos effectively reduced the apoptosis of retinal neuron rate and improved neuron survival rate, meanwhile, the results of immunofluorescence verified the fluorescence intensity of TrKB in neurons increased. And all above effects were reduced by treated hUCMSCs-Exos with BDNF inhibitors. hUCMSC-Exos effectively reduced the apoptosis rate of retinal neurons by activating the BDNF-TrkB pathway in a HG environment. CONCLUSION: In the HG environment, hUCMSC-Exos could carry BDNF into rat retinal neurons, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis by activating the BDNF-TrkB pathway.

The proboscis ciliation of the echiuran Bonellia viridis

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jaccarini ◽  
P. J. Schembri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Food Particle ◽  
Particle Uptake ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Definite Pattern

Special club-shaped cilia with an expanded tip are seen by both light and electron microscopy on the proboscis of Bonellia viridis in addition to the usual filamentous cilia. Using transmission electron microscopy the club tip is seen to consist of a distally curled axoneme enclosed within a sac-like expansion of the ciliary membrane. The axoneme may describe up to two complete loops inside the membrane sac or may occasionally follow an S-shaped course.A quantitative analysis of the distribution on the proboscis of both filamentous and club cilia is made. No discrete ciliary tracts are present. However, there is a definite pattern of ciliary density distribution. The cilia are densest on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the distal fringe of the proboscis. The dorsal fringe cilia are concerned with locomotion and the ventral cilia with food particle uptake. The club cilia are confined to the terminal lobes and neck region of the proboscis. The dorsal surface of the proboscis posterior to the fringe is virtually non-ciliated. The functional significance of the club cilia is discussed.

scholarly journals Rabies-Like Inclusions in Dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome C. Nietfeld ◽  
Pauline M. Rakich ◽  
David E. Tyler ◽  
Rudy W. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Tissues

Inclusion bodies, indistinguishable from rabies inclusion bodies (Negri bodies), were found in the brains of 8 nonrabid dogs. The inclusions were compared to Negri bodies present in neurons of rabies-positive animals and examined for the presence of rabies virus by a combination of immunoperoxidase staining (7 cases), fluorescent antibody (FA) staining (1 case), and transmission electron microscopy (4 cases). Positive immunoperoxidase staining for rabies was obtained in brain tissues from FA rabies-positive animals. All brain tissues from the 7 dogs stained by the immunoperoxidase method and the brain from the 1 dog stained by the FA method were negative for rabies. Rabies virus was not found in inclusion-containing neurons in the cases examined by transmission electron microscopy. These results emphasize the importance of FA testing and mouse inoculation for the diagnosis of rabies.

scholarly journals Pineal gland calcification under hypoxic conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. S405-S413
Author(s):  
M. Kopáni ◽  
B. Vraníková ◽  
D. Kosnáč ◽  
M. Zeman ◽  
V. Šišovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Fibrous Material ◽  
Prenatal Hypoxia ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Brain

The pineal gland (glandula pinealis) is neuroendocrine gland located at the epithalamus of the brain secreting melatonin. The aim of this study was to explore effects of prenatal hypoxia in rats at the age of 33 weeks on the occurrence of pineal gland calcification. Distribution and chemical composition of calcerous material by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy was investigated. Melatonin concentrations in blood plasma by direct radioimmunoassay were measured. Rats were exposed to prenatal hypoxia for 12 h at day 20 of development and second group to prenatal hypoxia for 2x8 h at days 19 and 20 of development. Vacuoles of intracellular edema in the pineal samples after 12 h hypoxia were found. Their size ranges up to 30 µm. Some of them were filled with the flocculent and fibrous material. Samples of pineal glands after 2 x 8 h hypoxia revealed the pericellular edema of pinealocytes. The amount of calcium rich particles in 2 x 8 h hypoxia group was lower than in 12 h hypoxia group. Plasma melatonin levels did not differ between control and both hypoxia groups. We concluded that calcification is a process induced by osteoblasts and osteocytes with melatonin as a promotor and it is favored under hypoxic conditions.

scholarly journals Precision of fiducial marker alignment for correlative super‐resolution fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeeba Fathima ◽  
César Augusto Quintana-Cataño ◽  
Christoph Heintze ◽  
Michael Schlierf
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Fiducial Markers ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

AbstractRecent advances in microscopy techniques enabled nanoscale discoveries in biology. In particular, electron microscopy reveals important cellular structures with nanometer resolution, yet it is hard, and sometimes impossible to resolve specific protein localizations. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques developed over the recent years allow for protein-specific localization with ~ 20 nm precision are overcoming this limitation, yet it remains challenging to place those in cells without a reference frame. Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) approaches have been developed to place the fluorescence image in the context of a cellular structure. However, combining imaging methods such as super resolution microscopy and transmission electron microscopy necessitates a correlation using fiducial markers to locate the fluorescence on the structures visible in electron microscopy, with a measurable precision. Here, we investigated different fiducial markers for super-resolution CLEM (sCLEM) by evaluating their shape, intensity, stability and compatibility with photoactivatable fluorescent proteins as well as the electron density. We further carefully determined limitations of correlation accuracy. We found that spectrally-shifted FluoSpheres are well suited as fiducial markers for correlating single-molecule localization microscopy with transmission electron microscopy.

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