scholarly journals Study on Porosity in Zinc Oxide Ultrathin Films from Three-Step MLD Zn-Hybrid Polymers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Richard Berger ◽  
Martin Seiler ◽  
Alberto Perrotta ◽  
Anna Maria Coclite
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Thin Films ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Mesoporous Zno ◽  
Hybrid Layers ◽  
First Time

Deriving mesoporous ZnO from calcinated, molecular layer deposited (MLD) metal-organic hybrid thin films offers various advantages, e.g., tunable crystallinity and porosity, as well as great film conformality and thickness control. However, such methods have barely been investigated. In this contribution, zinc-organic hybrid layers were for the first time formed via a three-step MLD sequence, using diethylzinc, ethanolamine, and maleic anhydride. These zinc-organic hybrid films were then calcinated with the aim of enhancing the porosity of the obtained ZnO films. The saturation curves for the three-step MLD process were measured, showing a growth rate of 4.4 ± 0.2 Å/cycle. After initial degradation, the zinc-organic layers were found to be stable in ambient air. The transformation behavior of the zinc-organic layers, i.e., the evolution of the film thickness and refractive index as well as the pore formation upon heating to 400, 500, and 600 °C were investigated with the help of spectroscopic ellipsometry and ellipsometric porosimetry. The calculated pore size distribution showed open porosity values of 25%, for the sample calcinated at 400 °C. The corresponding expectation value for the pore radius obtained from this distribution was 2.8 nm.

scholarly journals ALD/MLD processes for Mn and Co based hybrid thin films

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (26) ◽  
pp. 10730-10735 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ahvenniemi ◽  
M. Karppinen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Molecular Layer Deposition ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Hybrid Thin Films ◽  
Metal Organic

New types of transition metal–organic hybrid thin films are fabricated with the emerging atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) technique through sequential gas-surface reactions from Mn(thd)3, Co(thd)2, Co(acac)3 and terephthalic acid (1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) precursors.

Five isomorphous polyoxometalate-based inorganic-organic hybrid materials comprising 2D metal-organic layers

2020 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 121302
Author(s):  
Yingying Wu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yijiao Huang ◽  
Ge Xiao ◽  
Yamin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Metal Organic

scholarly journals Iron-based inorganic–organic hybrid and superlattice thin films by ALD/MLD

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (44) ◽  
pp. 19194-19199 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tanskanen ◽  
M. Karppinen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Hybrid Thin Films ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Deposition Processes

Here we present novel layer-by-layer deposition processes for the fabrication of inorganic–organic hybrid thin films of the (–Fe–O–C6H4–O–)n type and also superlattices where N thicker iron oxide layer blocks alternate with monomolecular-thin organic layers.

scholarly journals Selective coordination with heterogeneous metal atoms for inorganic–organic hybrid layers

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 830-837
Author(s):  
Seong Jun Kim ◽  
In Su Jeon ◽  
Wooseok Song ◽  
Sung Myung ◽  
Jongsun Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Nanostructure ◽  
Hybrid Layers

The fabrication of a metal–organic nanostructure was demonstrated by the hybrid synthesis process. The metal atoms such as Sn and Zn were sequentially coordinated on specific functional groups of the main organic layer by vapor phase metalation.

Tailor-made oxide architectures attained by molecularly permeable metal-oxide organic hybrid thin films

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (65) ◽  
pp. 9176-9178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debabrata Sarkar ◽  
Dereje Hailu Taffa ◽  
Sergey Ishchuk ◽  
Ori Hazut ◽  
Hagai Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Molecular Layer Deposition ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Hybrid Thin Films

Tailor-made metal oxide (MO) thin films with controlled compositions, electronic structures, and architectures are obtained via molecular layer deposition (MLD) and solution treatment.

scholarly journals ALD/MLD fabrication of luminescent Eu-organic hybrid thin films using different aromatic carboxylic acid components with N and O donors

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (105) ◽  
pp. 103412-103417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Giedraityte ◽  
L.-S. Johansson ◽  
M. Karppinen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Organic Thin Film ◽  
Aromatic Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Molecular Layer Deposition ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Hybrid Thin Films

Atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) processes based on Eu(thd)3 and three different aromatic organic acids with O and N donors as precursors are systematically investigated for the growth of Eu-based inorganic–organic thin-film phosphors.

Influence of Metal Substitution on the Pressure-Induced Phase Change in Flexible Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michael McGuirk ◽  
Tomče Runčevski ◽  
Julia Oktawiec ◽  
Ari Turkiewicz ◽  
mercedes K. taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks ◽  
Metal Substitution ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
First Time

<p>Metal–organic frameworks that display step-shaped adsorption profiles arising from discrete pressure-induced phase changes are promising materials for applications in both high-capacity gas storage and energy-efficient gas separations. The thorough investigation of such materials through chemical diversification, gas adsorption measurements, and <i>in situ </i>structural characterization is therefore crucial for broadening their utility. We examine a series of isoreticular, flexible zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) of the type M(bim)<sub>2</sub> (SOD; M = Zn<sup> </sup>(ZIF-7), Co (ZIF-9), Cd (CdIF-13); bim<sup>–</sup> = benzimidazolate), and elucidate the effects of metal substitution on the pressure-responsive phase changes and the resulting CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> step positions, pre-step uptakes, and step capacities. Using ZIF-7 as a benchmark, we reexamine the poorly understood structural transition responsible for its adsorption steps and, through high-pressure adsorption measurements, verify that it displays a step in its CH<sub>4 </sub>adsorption isotherms. The ZIF-9 material is shown to undergo an analogous phase change, yielding adsorption steps for CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> with similar profiles and capacities to ZIF-7, but with shifted threshold pressures. Further, the Cd<sup>2+</sup> analogue CdIF-13 is reported here for the first time, and shown to display adsorption behavior distinct from both ZIF-7 and ZIF-9, with negligible pre-step adsorption, a ~50% increase in CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> capacity, and dramatically higher threshold adsorption pressures. Remarkably, a single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase change to a pore-gated phase is also achieved with CdIF-13, providing insight into the phase change that yields step-shaped adsorption in these flexible ZIFs. Finally, we show that the endothermic phase change of these frameworks provides intrinsic heat management during gas adsorption. </p>

Solvent-Free Powder Synthesis and MOF-CVD Thin Films of the Mesoporous Metal-Organic Framework MAF-6

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Stassin ◽  
Ivo Stassen ◽  
Joao Marreiros ◽  
Alexander John Cruz ◽  
Rhea Verbeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Powder Synthesis ◽  
Crystalline Films ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Mesoporous Metal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Organic Framework

A simple solvent- and catalyst-free method is presented for the synthesis of the mesoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) MAF-6 (RHO-Zn(eIm)2) based on the reaction of ZnO with 2-ethylimidazole vapor at temperatures ≤ 100 °C. By translating this method to a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) protocol, mesoporous crystalline films could be deposited for the first time entirely from the vapor phase. A combination of PALS and Kr physisorption measurements confirmed the porosity of these MOF-CVD films and the size of the MAF-6 supercages (diam. ~2 nm), in close agreement with powder data and calculations. MAF-6 powders and films were further characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM, FTIR, PDF and EXAFS. The exceptional uptake capacity of the mesoporous MAF-6 in comparison to the microporous ZIF-8 is demonstrated by vapor-phase loading of a molecule larger than the ZIF-8 windows.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ambient Atmospheric Mineral-Dust Particles on the Calcification of Lungs

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Mariola Jabłońska ◽  
Janusz Janeczek ◽  
Beata Smieja-Król
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

For the first time, it is shown that inhaled ambient air-dust particles settled in the human lower respiratory tract induce lung calcification. Chemical and mineral compositions of pulmonary calcium precipitates in the lung right lower-lobe (RLL) tissues of 12 individuals who lived in the Upper Silesia conurbation in Poland and who had died from causes not related to a lung disorder were determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Whereas calcium salts in lungs are usually reported as phosphates, calcium salts precipitated in the studied RLL tissue were almost exclusively carbonates, specifically Mg-calcite and calcite. These constituted 37% of the 1652 mineral particles examined. Mg-calcite predominated in the submicrometer size range, with a MgCO3 content up to 50 mol %. Magnesium plays a significant role in lung mineralization, a fact so far overlooked. The calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) content in the studied RLL tissue was negligible. The predominance of carbonates is explained by the increased CO2 fugacity in the RLL. Carbonates enveloped inhaled mineral-dust particles, including uranium-bearing oxides, quartz, aluminosilicates, and metal sulfides. Three possible pathways for the carbonates precipitation on the dust particles are postulated: (1) precipitation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), followed by its transformation to calcite; (2) precipitation of Mg-ACC, followed by its transformation to Mg-calcite; (3) precipitation of Mg-free ACC, causing a localized relative enrichment in Mg ions and subsequent heterogeneous nucleation and crystal growth of Mg-calcite. The actual number of inhaled dust particles may be significantly greater than was observed because of the masking effect of the carbonate coatings. There is no simple correlation between smoking habit and lung calcification.

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