scholarly journals Comparison of VOC Emissions Produced by Different Types of Adhesives Based on Test Chambers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1924
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kozicki ◽  
Katarzyna Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Relationship

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from building materials into the indoor air may cause discomfort associated with a perceptible chemical odour and may irritate the upper respiratory tract. Hence, it is vital to control indoor air pollution sources, such as interior finishing materials, including adhesives. The study involved carrying out a series of experimental tests of VOC emissions of 25 adhesives based on the ISO 16000 series standards. The research concerns three groups of construction adhesives with indoor applications, i.e., flooring (10), finishing walls and ceilings (6), and for other applications such as edge-gluing or gluing tiles or mirrors (9) differing in chemical composition. A series of temperature tests were carried out for a representative floor adhesive at selected temperatures: 25 °C, 35 °C and 45 °C. The theoretical correlation approach was adopted to characterise the relationship between the emission rate and temperature of selected chemical compounds.

The relationship between soil contaminated with volatile organic compounds and indoor air pollution

1989 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kliest ◽  
Tilly Fast ◽  
Jan S.M. Boley ◽  
Henk van de Wiel ◽  
Henk Bloemen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Relationship Between TLR 2 and 4 with Microbiota of Mouth and Nose in Hypersensitivity Type 1 Iraqi Patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1452-1459
Author(s):  
Sulafa A. Aljubory ◽  
Mouruj A. Alaubydi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
The Relationship

Hundreds of commensal bacteria are existed in the mouth and nose, and the interactions between these microbiotas and the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in different parts of the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and immune cells maty assist to maintain the homeostasis of the immune system. Thus, it is importantto study the relationship between type one hypersensitivity and normal flora in the mouth and nose. Blood and saliva or sputum samples of seventy-one allergic patients were collected randomly in Baghdad/ Al- Zahraa center for asthma and allergies. Those patients were suffering from different types of hypersensitivity type1 such as skin and respiratory tract allergy (e.g, asthma and Rhinitis). The results revealed that the allergic females percentage were more than males. Staphylococcus spp., Lactobacillus and Fungi spp. isolated from the mouth and nose were more prevalent than other microorganisms among different age groups. In addition, most age groups were given significant variation in TLR2 level, while TLR4 recorded variation in female more than male patients. 

scholarly journals The Improvement of Indoor Air Quality in Residential Buildings in Dubai, UAE

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Chuloh Jung ◽  
Jihad Awad
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Radon Gas ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Residential Projects

Due to unprecedented urbanization, UAE had built many new residential projects with poor choices of material and ventilation. This social phenomenon is leading UAE to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) faster than any other countries. The Dubai Municipality regulates the indoor air quality with strict stipulation, but the detailed regulations are still insufficient. The objective of this paper is to measure the indoor air quality of new residential projects in Dubai to suggest the improvement of the regulations for indoor air quality. As a methodology, a field survey was conducted to investigate the status of indoor air pollution in residential buildings. Based on the field survey data, lab experiments for building materials were conducted and a computer simulation on radon gas was conducted. The result had shown that radon gas was mainly detected in new townhouses and labor camp houses, and its concentration was found to exceed the standard. Volatile organic solvents (VOCs) and formaldehyde (CH2O) were mainly detected in showhouses and new townhouses, and the concentration distribution was about 10 times higher than that of outdoors. It was proven that emission concentration of radon gas from various building materials were detected, and the order was red clay, gypsum board, and concrete. Volatile organic solvents (VOCs) are mainly detected in oil paints and PVC floor and the radiation amount of all pollutants increased with temperature increase. In computer simulation, it was found that a new townhouse needs a grace period from 20 days to 6 months to lower the radon gas concentration by 2 pCi/L. This study will serve as a basic data to establish more detailed regulation for the building materials and improve the IAQ standards in Dubai.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Upper Respiratory Tract and Its Relation to Breath Volatile Organic Compounds

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moria Lichtenstein ◽  
Sondra Turjerman ◽  
Jayant M. Pinto ◽  
Orna Barash ◽  
Omry Koren
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Many

Among the many products of metabolic processes are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the airways, these volatile metabolites are emitted through breathing and thus are easily sampled for analysis.

A large-scale test set-up for measuring VOC emissions from wood products under laboratory conditions in simulated real rooms

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Höllbacher ◽  
Cornelia Rieder-Gradinger ◽  
Daniel Strateva ◽  
Ewald Srebotnik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Realistic Data

Abstract A large-scale test set-up was designed to evaluate the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of building materials in a real room situation but under laboratory conditions. Two model rooms (ModR) with a volume of 30 m3 each were constructed of the wood-based building materials X-lam and OSB, respectively. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) inside the ModR were kept in a range of 21°C–25°C and 45%–55% RH. VOCs were collected at 13 different times over a period of 23 weeks, and the total VOC (TVOC) concentration was calculated from GC/MS data. Results were quantified as toluene equivalents (TE). In the X-lam-ModR, the TVOC concentration decreased by 64% over the whole measurement period from 115 to 41 μg m-3 TE. Terpenes were the most abundant substance group and accounted, on average, for 80% of the TVOC concentration. In the OSB-ModR, the TVOC concentration decreased by 72% from 443 to 124 μg m-3 TE. Aldehydes showed the highest concentrations, accounting, on average, for 52% of the TVOC, while 38% were terpenes. The results show that this type of test provides realistic data for the praxis.

scholarly journals Evaluating Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Cross-Laminated Timber Bonded with a Soy-Based Adhesive

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Michael Yauk ◽  
Jason Stenson ◽  
Micah Donor ◽  
Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
California Department ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Acceptance Criterion ◽  
Volatile Organic

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from indoor sources are large determinants of the indoor air quality (IAQ) and occupant health. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a panelized engineered wood product often left exposed as an interior surface finish. As a certified structural building product, CLT is currently exempt from meeting VOC emission limits for composite wood products and confirming emissions through California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Standard Method testing. In this study, small chamber testing was conducted to evaluate VOC emissions from three laboratory-produced CLT samples: One bonded with a new soy-based cold-set adhesive; a second bonded with a commercially available polyurethane (PUR) adhesive; and the third assembled without adhesive using dowels. A fourth commercially-produced eight-month-old sample bonded with melamine formaldehyde (MF) adhesive was also tested. All four samples were produced with Douglas-fir. The test results for the three laboratory-produced samples demonstrated VOC emissions compliance with the reference standard. The commercially-produced and aged CLT sample bonded with MF adhesive did not meet the acceptance criterion for formaldehyde of ≤9.0 µg/m3. The estimated indoor air concentration of formaldehyde in an office with the MF sample was 54.4 µg/m3; the results for the soy, PUR, and dowel samples were all at or below 2.5 µg/m3.

Indoor Environment Quality in Modern Life

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Han ◽  
Li Fen Yi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants

There is a great improvement in modern people’s working and living environment. As the new building materials and technology appear, it brings some problems to indoor environment. more and more people pay attention to their living conditions especially the quality of indoor environment. Every year ,there are 110,000 people who die from indoor air pollution every year in China, hence indoor air pollution is affecting human health. In this paper, through analysis of the sources, adverse health effects of several common indoor air pollutants, air pollutants are major contributing factors to chronic diseases and mortality. It should be treated urgently with the people’s standard of living improvement.

Modelling of Emission and Re-emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Building Materials with Indoor Air Applications

Indoor Air ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivars Neretnieks ◽  
Jan Christiansson ◽  
Leonardo Romero ◽  
Lars Dagerholt ◽  
Ji-Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Volatile Organic
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