scholarly journals Multistep Chemical Processing of Crickets Leading to the Extraction of Chitosan Used for Synthesis of Polymer Drug Carriers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5070
Author(s):  
Magdalena Głąb ◽  
Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk ◽  
Anna Drabczyk ◽  
Martin Duarte Guigou ◽  
Agnieszka Sobczak-Kupiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Substance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Alkaline Environments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Antibacterial And Anticancer Activity

Chitosan belongs to the group of biopolymers with increasing range of potential applications therefore searching for new raw materials as well as new techniques of obtaining of this polysaccharide are currently a subject of interest of many scientists. Presented manuscript describes preparation of chitosan from crickets. Obtainment of final product required a number of processes aimed at removal of undesirable substances such as waxes, mineral salts, proteins or pigments from above-mentioned insects. Chemical structure of fractions obtained after each step was compared with the structure of commercial chitosan by means of techniques such as X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy. Final product was subsequently used for preparation of polymer capsules that were modified with active substance characterized by antibacterial and anticancer activity—nisin. Next, sorption capacity of obtained materials was evaluated as well as a release profile of active substance in different environments. Based on the conducted research it can be concluded that crickets constitute an alternative for shellfish and other conventional sources of chitosan. Furthermore, obtained capsules on the basis of such prepared chitosan can be considered as drug delivery systems which efficiency of release of active substance is bigger in alkaline environments.

scholarly journals Polyurethane Composite Foams Synthesized Using Bio-Polyols and Cellulose Filler

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Uram ◽  
Milena Leszczyńska ◽  
Aleksander Prociak ◽  
Anna Czajka ◽  
Michał Gloc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Rigid polyurethane foams were obtained using two types of renewable raw materials: bio-polyols and a cellulose filler (ARBOCEL® P 4000 X, JRS Rettenmaier, Rosenberg, Germany). A polyurethane system containing 40 wt.% of rapeseed oil-based polyols was modified with the cellulose filler in amounts of 1, 2, and 3 php (per hundred polyols). The cellulose was incorporated into the polyol premix as filler dispersion in a petrochemical polyol made using calenders. The cellulose filler was examined in terms of the degree of crystallinity using the powder X-ray diffraction PXRD -and the presence of bonds by means of the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR. It was found that the addition of the cellulose filler increased the number of cells in the foams in both cross-sections—parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the foam growth—while reducing the sizes of those cells. Additionally, the foams had closed cell contents of more than 90% and initial thermal conductivity coefficients of 24.8 mW/m∙K. The insulation materials were dimensionally stable, especially at temperatures close to 0 °C, which qualifies them for use as insulation at low temperatures.

Study on Modified Rapeseed Oil/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1291-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Lü ◽  
Jian Zhong Ma ◽  
Dang Ge Gao ◽  
Lei Hong
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Emulsifying Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Layer Spacing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Better Than

Modified rapeseed oil(MRO) was prepared by using rapeseed oil, ethylene diamine and acrylic acid as the raw materials. Modified rapeseed oil/montmorillonite(MRO/MMT) nanocomposite was prepared by using modified rapeseed oil and montmorillonite. The emulsifying properties of MRO and MRO/MMT were determined respectively. Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) results showed that MRO/MMT was prepared successfully. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that modified rapeseed oil could smoothly enter the interlayer of montmorillonite, and modified the montmorillonite; with an increase in the amount of montmorillonite, the layer spacing of montmorillonite in the MRO/MMT lower after the first increase. The results of emulsifying properties indicated that emulsifying properties of MRO/MMT was better than MRO.

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Cu/BiVO4 by Solid State Grinding Method for Degradation of Methyl Orange

2016 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
Hai Feng Chen ◽  
Jia Mei Chen ◽  
Zhi Xue Pan
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Degradation Of Methyl Orange

In this work, novel Cu/BiVO4 photocatalyst were prepared by a low-temperature solid state grinding method using Bi (NO3)3•5H2O, NH4VO3 and Cu (NO3)2•2H2O as raw materials. The structure and properties of the samples were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS); Using the degradation of methyl orange (MO) as the probe, it was simulated as the degradation of sewage under the visible light to study the influence of the illumination time and the amount of photocatalysts. Compared with the pure BiVO4, the visible-light absorption scope of BiVO4 was broadened by doping Cu, the UV-Visible absorption edges were slightly red shift and the band gap was narrower. Comparatively speaking, the results indicted that the doped Cu enhanced the photocatalytic activities of BiVO4.

Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a two-dimensional uranyl coordination polymer based on a flexible zwitterionic ligand

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Cui ◽  
Ruyu Wang ◽  
Xi Shu ◽  
Yu Fan ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uranyl Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Fuel Reprocessing ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The interaction between the uranyl cation, (UO2)2+, and organic species is of interest due to the potential applications of the resulting compounds with regard to nuclear waste disposal and nuclear fuel reprocessing. The hydrothermal reaction of various uranyl compounds with flexible zwitterionic 1,1′-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(pyridin-1-ium-4-carboxylate) dihydrochloride (Bpmb·2HCl) in deionized water containing drops of H2SO4resulted in the formation of a novel two-dimensional uranyl coordination polymer, namely poly[tetraoxido{μ2-1,1′-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(pyridin-1-ium-4-carboxylate)}di-μ3-sulfato-diuranium(VI)], [(UO2)2(SO4)2(C20H16N2O4)]n, (1). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that this coordination polymer exhibits a layered arrangement and the (UO2)2+centre is coordinated by five equatorial O atoms. The structure was further characterized by FT–IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The polymer shows high thermal stability up to 696 K. Furthermore, the photoluminescence properties of (1) has also been studied, showing it to exhibit a typical uranyl fluorescence.

Preparation of Lithium Niobate Powders by Mechanochemical Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 3401-3405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Hua Luo
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Reduction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Direct Formation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Mechanochemical Treatments ◽  
Mixture Samples

Lithium niobate powders were prepared by mechanochemical treatments using Li2CO3 and Nb2O5 as raw materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were employed to evaluate the morphologies and structures of samples. The mechanism of LiNbO3 formation of the ground mixture samples was discussed. The crystal structure of mixture was collapsed into a disordered structure, which increased with increasing grinding time. At the same time, the specific surface area increase and the bond energy reduction of the mixture occurred. Consequently, high energy ball milling enables increase of the internal energy, reduction of the activation energy, and improvement of the uniform mixing stage, which resulted in direct formation of singal phase LiNbO3 at a low temperature (500°C). However, the temperature must reach 1200°C for the traditional method.

Preparation of Manganese Ferrite Powders by Mechanochemical Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 2268-2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Hua Luo
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanochemical Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Starting Mixture ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Mechanochemical Treatments ◽  
Firing Method

Mn-ferrite powders were prepared by mechanochemical treatments using MnO2and Fe2O3as raw materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were employed to evaluated the morphologies and structures of samples. The results indicated that the starting mixture became amorphous stage after ball-milled for 40h, and single phase MnFe2O4could be obtained after annealed at 1200°C for 2h. In comparison with the traditional firing method , the mechanochemical method benefited achieving the higher saturation magnetization, which indicated that the samples had a better magnetic properties.

Synthesis of V2O5 Powders by EDTA Assistance Ultrasound Sol-Gel Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Quan Wen ◽  
Jian Feng Huang ◽  
Li Yun Cao ◽  
Jian Peng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Precursor Powders ◽  
Influence Of Ph

V2O5 powders were successfully synthesized by the EDTA assistanced ultrasound sol-gel process using NH4VO3 and EDTA, NH3•H2O as raw materials. The synthesized activation energy and the influence of pH values and the calcination temperatures on the phases and microstructures of powders were particularly investigated. The precursor powders and the V2O5 powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform inelectron microscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry-thermal gravimetric (DSC-TG). Results show that the obtained products exhibit good crystallization under the conditions of pH=4, calcination temperature 400~500 °C and calcination time 0.5 h during the synthesizing process. The as-prepared V2O5 powders show preferred growth orientation along (001) plane at the pH=4. By DSC analysis, the ultrasonic cavitation result in the decrease in synthesized activation energy obviously than that was prepared without ultrasonic irradiation.

Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of La-Doped Ni Ferrites

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 736-739
Author(s):  
Ju Hua Luo
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Parameters ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Mechanochemical Treatments ◽  
La Doped

Ni ferrites doped with lanthanum with a nominal composition of NiFe2-xLaxO4(x=0.05) were obtained by mechanochemical treatments using NiCO3•2Ni (OH)2•4H2O , La2O3 and Fe2O3 as raw materials. Both series of materials were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The results indicated that the mixture became amorphous stage after ball-milled for 30 h, and single phase NiFe1.95La0.05O4 could be obtained after calcined at 700 for 2 h. The addition of lanthanum resulted in a reduction of all the magnetic parameters evaluated.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline La2Ti2O7 by Microwave Assisted Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Zhi Yong Mei ◽  
Hai Shao Ye ◽  
Wen Wen Su ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
High Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Ft Ir

Using La (NO3)3·6H2O, TiCl4 , and citric acid as the main raw materials, nanocrystalline La2Ti2O7 samples were prepared by microwave assisted method. The structure and morphology of samples were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of La2Ti2O7 was studied for methyl orange (MO) used as simulated sewage. It was found that the single phase La2Ti2O7 could be obtained through the calcination of microwave processed La2Ti2O7 precursors at 600 °C. The resulted product had an approximate spherical shape and average grain size of 50 nm in diameter. Under UV light, the photocatalytic experiment indicated that the prepared La2Ti2O7 nanocrystalline had high photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange.

Preparation of Strontium Ferrite Powders by Mechanochemical Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 1736-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Hua Luo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Starting Mixture ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Mechanochemical Treatments ◽  
Firing Method

Sr-ferrite powders were preparated by mechanochemical treatments using SrCO3 and Fe2O3 as raw materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were employed to evaluated the morphologies, structures and magnetic properties of samples. The results indicated that the starting mixture became amorphous stage after ball-milled for 30h, and single phase SrFe12O19 could be obtained after annealed at 900°C for 2h. And the saturation magnetization was 58.2Am2/kg, and coercivity was 281.2 kA/m at room temperature. In comparison with the traditional firing method , the mechanochemical method benefited achieving the higher coercivity, which indicated that the samples had a better magnetic properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document