scholarly journals Archaeological and Chemical Investigation on Mortars and Bricks from a Necropolis in Braga, Northwest of Portugal

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6290
Author(s):  
Ana Fragata ◽  
Carla Candeias ◽  
Jorge Ribeiro ◽  
Cristina Braga ◽  
Luís Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Chemical Investigation ◽  
Chemical Affinity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stone Walls

This investigation intends to study and characterize the mortars and bricks from walls and floors used in the funerary nucleus of the archaeological site of Dr. Gonçalo Sampaio Street (Braga, Portugal), associated with the Via XVII necropolis of the Bracara Augusta Roman city. The diversity of the funeral structures and their exceptional state of conservation make this sector of the necropolis an unprecedented case and a reference site in the archaeology of Braga, a determinant for its conservation and musealization. Nineteen mortars samples were analysed by X-ray Fluorescence. The results showed clear chemical composition differences among coating and floor mortars (CFM), masonry mortars (MM) and bricks (B) groups of samples. The chemical affinity between CFM from the V to IV centuries, CFM from the IV to V centuries, MM from brick walls (IV–V centuries), MM from stone walls (V–VII centuries) and B from the IV to V centuries samples were confirmed by statistical analyses. Their composition was distinctly related to the use of different raw materials, according to their chronological context; in mortars, according to their function in the structures; and in some samples, from contamination.

scholarly journals Archaeometric Characterisation of Decorated Pottery from the Archaeological Site of Villa dei Quintili (Rome, Italy): Preliminary Study

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Ricca ◽  
Giuseppe Paladini ◽  
Natalia Rovella ◽  
Silvestro Antonio Ruffolo ◽  
Luciana Randazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
Renaissance Period ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Materials Used

This work focused on the study of decorated pottery dated back to the 16th century from the Roman archaeological site of Villa dei Quintili, a monumental complex located in the south-eastern part of Rome (Italy). A minero-petrographic and geochemical study was undertaken to analyse five archaeological samples in order to define textural features and raw materials used for their production, along with the chemical and physical composition of the superficial decorative glazed coatings. For this purpose, different analytical methods were used, such as polarising optical microscope (POM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), and electron microprobe analysis coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EMPA-EDS). The results of such a multidisciplinary approach allowed us to achieve important results crucial to recognise the shards as majolica of the Renaissance period, improving knowledge about manufacturing processes of these renowned painted ceramic artefacts.

scholarly journals Archaeometric Approach for Studying Architectural Earthenwares from the Archaeological Site of S. Omobono (Rome-Italy)

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Miriello ◽  
Fabrizio Antonelli ◽  
Andrea Bloise ◽  
Monica Ceci ◽  
Stefano Columbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compositional Data ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Electron Probe Micro Analysis ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
The Church

This paper reports the findings of an archaeometric study performed on 14 architectural earthenwares from the archaeological site of S. Omobono, located in the historic center of Rome (Italy). The archaeological site, accidentally discovered in 1937, includes the remains of a sacred area previously occupied by two temples, one of which was converted into the church of S. Omobono, in 1575. The samples, dated between the 7th and the 6th century BC, belong to different sectors of the site. Their petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical characterization was performed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The compositional data obtained were also subjected to the principal component analysis (PCA) in order to highlight similarities and differences among the samples. By combining geochemical and petrographic data, we were able to identify several different fabrics. Furthermore, the study provided valuable information on the firing temperatures of some samples and the provenance of the raw materials, by analyzing the chemical composition of clinopyroxenes present as non-plastic inclusions.

Influence of Gypsum Additive on the Formation of Tobermorite in Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 714 ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Helanova ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Vit Cerný
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Variable Chemical ◽  
Aerated Concrete

The quality of the aerated concrete strongly depends on the chemical composition of the raw materials, as well as the process of the hydrothermal reaction during autoclaving. Due to the variable chemical composition of fly ashes, it is necessary to identify the effect of each ion on the formation of the microstructure of aerated concrete. This paper examines the process of formation of tobermorite with the addition of sulphates in various percentage representation. The microstructure of aerated concrete is assessed using SEM images and the mineralogical by means of X-ray analysis.

Occurrences of kaolin in Koutaba (west Cameroon): Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization for use in ceramic products

Clay Minerals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nkalih Mefire ◽  
A. Njoya ◽  
R. Yongue Fouateu ◽  
J.R. Mache ◽  
N.A. Tapon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Clays ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractThirty clay samples collected from three hills in Koutaba (west Cameroon) were characterized in order to evaluate their potential use as raw materials for ceramics. After preliminary mineralogical identification by X-ray diffraction, three representative samples from the three different hills, referred to hereafter as K1M, K2M and K3M, were selected for further investigation by X-ray fluorescence, plasticity, granularity and thermogravimetric analysis. The main clay minerals are kaolinite (32–51%) and illite (up to 12%). Additional major phases are quartz (32–52%), goethite (6–7%) and feldspars (0–4%). The chemical composition showed variable amounts of SiO2(60–72%), Al2O3(15–20%) and Fe2O3(1–9%), in accordance with the quartz abundance in all of the samples studied. The particle-size distribution showed a large proportion of silty fraction (64–88%) with moderate sandy (9–19%) and clayey fractions ( < 5% for K2M, 12% for K1M and 20% for K3M). All of the clays showed moderate plasticity-index values (8–11%). Because of these characteristics, K1M and K3M may be suitable for use in common bricks and hollow ceramic products. Sieving or the addition of ball clays is recommended to increase the plasticity of sample K2M for use in common bricks.

The Choice of Chemical Composition and Raw Materials for the Production of Basalt Wool with the Defined Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 1018-1023
Author(s):  
A.V. Khandoshka ◽  
Svetlana G. Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
X Ray

The composition of mineral wool was selected for the research, based on the chemical composition of the raw materials, the determination of the acidity module to obtain the thermal insulation material with the best characteristics and the lowest cost of the production of basalt mineral wool. The paper deals with compositions of raw materials and selection chemical compositions of charges for production of basalt mineral wool, and the experiments of welded samples were made and tested for viscosity, surface tension, chemical analysis and x-ray analysis.

The Oxidizing Roasting and Reducing Melting of Titaniferous and Conversion Iron Ores

2017 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Dmitriev ◽  
G.Yu. Vitkina ◽  
R.V. Petukhov ◽  
L.A. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Conversion Iron

The chemical composition of pellets of various basicity from pig iron ore materials is described. The metallurgical characteristics (reducibility, strength, softening and melting temperatures) is analyzed. The micro X-ray diffraction phase analysis is made. Also the sinter of various basicity from titaniferous raw materials is investigated.

scholarly journals Modeling of Bohemian and Moravian glass recipes from Gothic to Baroque periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolína Pánová ◽  
Dana Rohanová ◽  
Simona Randáková
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Batch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dispersive System ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractThe Bohemian historical glasses have been neglected and have not been in focus of Archaeometric studies so far. Potassium-calcium wood ash glasses, produced in Bohemia and Moravia, from the beginning of the 14th century to the first half of the 18th century, are chemically different from the glasses produced in the same period in Western Europe. There are no written sources for glass batch recipes for Gothic (14th–1st half of 16th c.) and Renaissance (16th–17th c.) glass, while there are only few for the Baroque (end of 17th–18th c.) glass recipes. Systematically investigating the chemical composition and typology of archaeological glasses, we have chosen to reconstruct the glass recipes of potassium-calcium glasses from the three periods. In this study, the glass recipes (the ratio of the raw materials) were calculated based on the chemical composition of the historical glasses studied by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive System (SEM/EDS). The composition of the authentic natural raw materials was studied by XRF and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD): sand or quartz pebbles, beech ash and potash, limestone, NaCl, and As2O3. Model glasses confirmed our presumption of gradual development in the Bohemian glass batch recipes, which used very simple raw materials ratios.

scholarly journals Compositional Characterization and Chronology of Roman Mortars from the Archaeological Site of Arroyo De La Dehesa De Velasco (Burgo De Osma- Ciudad De Osma, Soria, Spain)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Alonso-Olazabal ◽  
Luis Angel Ortega ◽  
Maria Cruz Zuluaga ◽  
Graciela Ponce-Antón ◽  
Javier Jiménez Echevarría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
First Century ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Multilayer Wall ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Compositional Characterization

This study characterises the mortar materials used in the construction of walls and floors at the Arroyo de la Dehesa de Velasco site, located near the Roman city of Uxama Argaela (the modern Burgo de Osma—Ciudad de Osma, Soria, Spain). Multilayer mortars have been characterised by petrographic, mineralogical (X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analyses and geochemical analysis (X-ray fluorescence). Additionally, radiocarbon dating of the mortar binder fraction was performed in order to establish the chronology of the building in the absence of other archaeological chronological records. The results showed that similar siliceous aggregates and lime binders were used in the fabrication of multilayer system mortars. Some multilayer wall mortars show ceramic fragments or brick powder to produce hydraulic mortars and improve the resistance to moisture. The raw materials used for the construction of the site were of local origin and the construction was built during the first century BC, according to radiocarbon dating.

scholarly journals NONSTANDARD RAW MATERIALS FOR ANORTHITE CERAMICS PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
V. A. Vlasov ◽  
M. A. Semenovykh ◽  
N. K. Skripnikova ◽  
V. V. Shekhovtsov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Ceramic Mixture

The paper analyzes the Russian and foreign research into the use of nonstandard raw materials in the production of constructional anorthite ceramics. The raw materials with different chemical composition are investigated. It is shown that the use of nonstandard raw materials in the ceramic mixture makes it possible to obtain constructional products with 43.1 MPa compressive strength, 2150 kg/m3 density, about 7 % water absorption and frost resistance that meets the requirements of regulatory documents. The physical and mechanical properties are obtained due to the anorthite phase containing in the composition of end ceramic products, which is confirmed by the X-ray phase and microscopic analyses.

scholarly journals ESTUDO DA MOBILIDADE LOGISTICA A PARTIR DA CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA DA CERÂMICA DO SÍTIO CAPIM EM ARARIPINA, PERNAMBUCO, BR.

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Casimiro Sepúlveda Munita ◽  
Patrícia Ramos Carvalho ◽  
Cláudia Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Alencar De Miranda Amaral ◽  
Henry Socrates Lavalle Sullasi
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Elementary Chemical

Neste trabalho interdisciplinar, foi utilizada a análise de ativação de nêutrons (INAA) como o objetivo de determinar a composição química elementar de 57 fragmentos de cerâmica proveniente de cinco manchas de concentração do sítio arqueológico "Sitio do Capim" no estado de Pernambuco, no Brasil. O conjunto de dados foi analisado usando através de dendogramas e análise discriminante para a definição de grupos químicos. Os resultados mostraram três grupos químicos distintos, as diferenças, podem ser entendidas em termos de mobilidade desses grupos humanos devido à disponibilidade de matérias-primas.Abstract: In this interdisciplinary work, we apply the neutron activation analysis (INAA) to determine the elementary chemical composition of 57 ceramic fragments from five areas of concentration from the archaeological site "Sitio do Capim" in Pernambuco state, in Brazil. The data set was analyzed by cluster dendogram and discriminant analysis for defining chemical groups. The results showed three distinct chemical groups and the differences can be understood in terms the mobility these human groups due the availability of raw materials.

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