scholarly journals Enhanced Acceptance Specification of Asphalt Binder to Drive Sustainability in the Paving Industry

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6828
Author(s):  
Yiming Li ◽  
Simon A. M. Hesp
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Failure Strain ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Shear Creep ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Performance Grading

Testing small amounts of extracted and recovered asphalt binder as used in construction allows for the acceptance of materials in accordance with traffic and climate requirements. This approach facilitates the sustainable use of resources and thus prepares the paving industry for the true circular economy. Oscillatory, creep, and failure tests in a rheometer are compared for the performance grading of 32 asphalt binders extracted and recovered from real-world contract samples. Films 8 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm thick were tested from 35 to −5 °C in dynamic shear, followed by shear creep at 0 and 5 °C, and finally in tertiary tensile creep at 15 °C. The enhanced protocol uses a very small amount of material in contrast to current methods, yet it provides comparable results. Phase angle measurements appear to be optimal for performance grading, but further field study is required to determine if additional binder properties such as stiffness and/or failure strain would be required for the control of cracking.

scholarly journals Circular Economy Practices among Industrial EMAS-Registered SMEs in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9011
Author(s):  
Alexandra Barón ◽  
Rudi de Castro ◽  
Gerusa Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Internal Production

The Eurobarometer report from December 2019 revealed that 80% of European Union (EU) citizens believe that industry is doing too little to protect the environment and that more work needs to be done to help companies transition to a more sustainable economic model. In recent years, the EU has made the Circular Economy (CE) a priority, and an environmental management system based on the EMAS Regulation can help companies achieve this goal by assisting them in analysing and measuring an efficient and sustainable use of resources. Thus, this study analyses EMAS companies’ environmental statements in order to identify and quantify the CE practices they have implemented. Findings identify 23 circular practices and show that the majority of companies focus their efforts on reducing emissions by optimizing the materials cycle and improving internal production processes. Eco-design stands out as the main driver amongst the circular transformation practices. This study has also detected a lack of uniformity in the way companies quantify the various circular practices currently operating, or how they communicate this information. These results may be useful to companies, professionals and administrations responsible for promoting the CE, and it can also provide guidance on what information to include in future environmental statements.

Engineering Properties of Asphalt Binders from Different Sources and Their Influence on Stiffness of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-405
Author(s):  
Alexandra Torres
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Stiffness Properties ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nominal Performance ◽  
Performance Grading ◽  
The Impact

The quality and quantity of asphalt binder are crucial for proper adhesion, cohesion, and performance of asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures. The current Superpave grading system for asphalt binders provides engineers with the high and low temperature ranges at which the asphalt binder should perform satisfactorily. The objectives of this study are to document the differences in the performance of different asphalt binders with the same nominal performance grade (PG) acquired from different refineries and to investigate the impact that binder properties may have on the stiffness of the AC mixes. To that end, five PG 64-22 and five PG 70-22 binders were studied. Each binder was graded twice, in the original state and extracted from the mix conditions. The conventional performance grading tests such as the bending beam rheometer, dynamic shear rheometer, pressure aging vessel, and rolling thin-film oven were conducted on all asphalt binders. Alternative binder parameters (e.g., parameter ΔTc, viscosity) that can potentially supplement the current PG system were measured and documented. The stiffness properties of the ten mixes as measured with the dynamic modulus tests were correlated with the measured binder properties. The asphalt binders with the same performance grades yielded different cracking, rutting, and stiffness properties, which may explain the differences in their performance when used to design AC mixes.

Creep Compliance of Polymer-Modified Asphalt, Asphalt Mastic, and Hot-Mix Asphalt

2003 ◽  
Vol 1829 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ota Vacin ◽  
Jiri Stastna ◽  
Ludo Zanzotto
Keyword(s):  
Creep Compliance ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mastic ◽  
Polymer Modified Asphalt ◽  
Time Temperature Superposition Principle

The possibility of using commercial rheometers for comprehensive testing of asphalt binders, asphalt mastics, and hot-mix asphalts (HMA) is explored. Samples of one polymer-modified asphalt, its mix with fine mineral filler (mastic), and one HMA prepared with the same modified asphalt as binders were tested in the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and the bending beam rheometer (BBR). All tested materials can be characterized by their discrete relaxation and retardation spectra (under the condition of small deformations). DSR testing was performed in the plate–plate and the torsion bar geometry. From the obtained relaxation and retardation spectra, the shear compliance, J(t), was calculated and compared with the tensile creep compliance, D(t), measured in BBR (both creep and recovery experiments were run). A simple relationship between J(t) and D(t) was found for the asphalt binder and the asphalt mastic. In the case of HMA, the bulk compliance, B(t), contributes to D(t) at short and long times. Both the Boltzmann superposition principle and the time–temperature superposition principle hold very well for all tested materials at low temperatures. There are qualitative differences, in the rheological behavior, of the asphalt binder and asphalt mastic on one side and the HMA on the other. These differences can be seen in dynamic (DSR) as well as in transient (BBR) experiments.

scholarly journals Circular economy is Ukraine: adaptation of European experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Maryana Ruda ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Yaremchuk ◽  
Maryana Bortnikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Use Of Resources

The article examines the development of the circular economy in Ukraine, as well as the prospects of implementation of the experience of leading EU countries in the field of circular economy in Ukraine. The relevance of the study is that for now in Ukraine very few steps have been taken towards a circular economy, although everyone understands its importance. First of all, the meaning of the circular economy is revealed and the main advantages of its implementation in Ukraine are determined. The advantages of the transition to a circular economy are as follows: significant material savings, sustainable use of resources, stimulating innovations, the ability to meet the needs of the ever-growing population of the Earth, economic growth, and income. The circular or closed-loop economy involves the recovery, reuse, and rational use of resources and, through services and smart solutions, leads to added value. The state of resource management in Ukraine and the EU, in particular waste management, is analyzed. It is established that in the field of waste management Ukraine lags far behind developed European countries. Today, huge amounts of waste have accumulated in Ukraine, and currently, there is no developed infrastructure to decide this problem, and landfills themselves have become sources of great environmental danger. The new EU policy and the policy of Ukraine in the field of circular economy are analyzed. Taking into account the best European practices, recommendations are given to Ukraine on the transition from a traditional, linear economy to a circular economy. The main ones are as follows: it is necessary to change the structure of public procurement and focus on environmentally friendly types of production; it is necessary to accelerate the transition of Ukraine from the traditional model of public procurement to the concept of “green” procurement; it is necessary to develop an effective legislative and regulatory framework for the functioning of the circular economy; it is necessary to move to more efficient business models (such as ecodesign, repair, reuse, recovery and exchange of products and maximum prevention of waste generation) and stimulate the development of environmentally friendly technologies; it is expedient to develop programs of financing of projects in the field of circular economy; it is necessary to promote better awareness of consumers about the concept of “circular” economy, environmental “footprint” of goods and services, as well as sustainable consumption; it is necessary to change the method of production and consumption of goods from short-term to long-term, as well as to encourage the economy, businesses and consumers to maximize waste recycling. It is also established that in general, Ukraine’s policy in the field of circular economy should be formed and implemented at all three levels: national, regional, and global. However, each of us can begin to change in the direction of a circular economy (for example, through conscious consumption and resource conservation). It is also important to realize the importance of sorting garbage because its removal to landfills and finding new ones is not the best solution. Garbage needs to be recycled, and this can only be done if it is sorted.

scholarly journals Determination of rutting distresses on hot mix asphalts by advanced techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Gabriel Skronka ◽  
Martin Jasso ◽  
Otakar Vacin
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Pavement Distresses ◽  
Multiple Stress Creep Recovery

The sustainable use of non-renewable natural resources, such as asphalt binder, can be achieved by adequate planning. The proper assessment of asphalt binders is a prerequisite to the appropriate designing of road constructions that can eventually result in pavements in which the development of pavement distresses can be mitigated. Rutting is the most common distress occurring at high temperatures, which is frequently experienced by such countries as Indonesia; thus, the use of adequate asphalt binder in hot mix asphalt pavements results in long-lasting road constructions. By means of advanced techniques, e.g., multiple stress creep recovery test, conducted on a dynamic shear rheometer, it is possible to determine the rutting potential of asphalt binders. This technique, however, still seems to be imprecise at currently determined shear stress values. This paper aims to investigate on the example of ten different asphalt binders, if creep and recovery measured at higher shear stresses result in better correlation with rutting potential of hot mix asphalts than that at the standardized stress levels. Concurrently, other conventional asphalt binder properties (e.g., penetration, softening point, elastic recovery) are determined and compared with rutting.

scholarly journals Operationalizing the Circular City Model for Naples City-Port: A Hybrid Development Strategy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cerreta ◽  
Eleonora Giovene di Girasole ◽  
Giuliano Poli ◽  
Stefania Regalbuto
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
City Model ◽  
The City

The city-port involves a decisive reality for the economic development of the territories and nations, capable of significantly influencing the conditions of well-being and quality of life, and of making the Circular City Model operational, preserving and enhancing seas and marine resources in a sustainable way, through the construction of appropriate production and consumption models, with attention to relations with the urban and territorial system. The Circular Economy paradigm identifies the ideal context in the city-port to rethink traditional development models and make ports driver areas for the regeneration of the city and metropolitan territories, in compliance with the EU Directive 2014/89 which considers maritime spatial planning as a tool for public authorities and stakeholders to achieve an integrated approach, promoting the development of maritime and coastal economies and the sustainable use of resources. The paper, starting from these assumptions, presents an adaptive decision-making process for the strategies development of the Naples (Italy) commercial port, aimed at re-establishing a sustainable city-port relationship and making operative Circular Economy principles.

scholarly journals Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lim Min Khiong ◽  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mannan ◽  
Resdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Scrap Tires ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability

This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.

scholarly journals Recent advances in characterizing the “bee” structures and asphaltene particles in asphalt binders

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-706
Author(s):  
Yuhong Wang ◽  
Kecheng Zhao ◽  
Fangjin Li ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
King Wai Chiu Lai
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Zero Shear Viscosity ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Asphaltene Content ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Binder Aging

AbstractThe microscopic surface features of asphalt binders are extensively reported in existing literature, but relatively fewer studies are performed on the morphology of asphaltene microstructures and cross-examination between the surface features and asphaltenes. This paper reports the findings of investigating six types of asphalt binders at the nanoscale, assisted with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The surface features of the asphalt binders were examined by using AFM before and after being repetitively peeled by a tape. Variations in infrared (IR) absorbance at the wavenumber around 1700 cm−1, which corresponds to ketones, were examined by using an infrared s-SNOM instrument (scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope). Thin films of asphalt binders were examined by using STEM, and separate asphaltene particles were cross-examined by using both STEM and AFM. In addition, connections between the microstructures and binder’s physicochemical properties were evaluated. The use of both microscopy techniques provide comprehensive and complementary information on the microscopic nature of asphalt binders. It was found that the dynamic viscosities of asphalt binders are predominantly determined by the zero shear viscosity of the corresponding maltenes and asphaltene content. Limited samples also suggest that the unique bee structures are likely related to the growth of asphaltene content during asphalt binder aging process, but more asphalt binders from different crude sources are needed to verify this finding.

scholarly journals Introducing a Degrowth Approach to the Circular Economy Policies of Food Production, and Food Loss and Waste Management: Towards a Circular Bioeconomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hoehn ◽  
Jara Laso ◽  
María Margallo ◽  
Israel Ruiz-Salmón ◽  
Francisco José Amo-Setién ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Food Production ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Loss ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
New Policies

There is a growing debate surrounding the contradiction between an unremitting increase in the use of resources and the search for environmental sustainability. Therefore, the concept of sustainable degrowth is emerging aiming to introduce in our societies new social values and new policies, capable of satisfying human requirements whilst reducing environmental impacts and consumption of resources. In this framework, circular economy strategies for food production and food loss and waste management systems, following the Sustainable Development Goals agenda, are being developed based on a search for circularity, but without setting limits to the continual increase in environmental impacts and resource use. This work presents a methodology for determining the percentage of degrowth needed in any food supply chain, by analyzing four scenarios in a life cycle assessment approach over time between 2020 and 2040. Results for the Spanish case study suggested a degrowth need of 26.8% in 2015 and 58.9% in 2040 in order to achieve compliance with the Paris Agreement targets, highlighting the reduction of meat and fish and seafood consumption as the most useful path.

scholarly journals Sustainability: Recovery and Reuse of Brewing-Derived By-Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2355
Author(s):  
Tiziana Amoriello ◽  
Roberto Ciccoritti
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
By Products ◽  
Recovery And Reuse

The great global challenge in order to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth over the coming decades is the promotion of the efficient use of resources, favoring a transition to a cleaner and circular economy [...]

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