scholarly journals Carbonized Solid Fuel Production from Polylactic Acid and Paper Waste Due to Torrefaction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7051
Author(s):  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Christian Zafiu ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Reaction Order ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Csf Production

The quantity of biodegradable plastics is increasing steadily and taking a larger share in the residual waste stream. As the calorific value of biodegradable plastic is almost two-fold lower than that of conventional ones, its increasing quantity decreases the overall calorific value of municipal solid waste and refuse-derived fuel which is used as feedstock for cement and incineration plants. For that reason, in this work, the torrefaction of biodegradable waste, polylactic acid (PLA), and paper was performed for carbonized solid fuel (CSF) production. In this work, we determined the process yields, fuel properties, process kinetics, theoretical energy, and mass balance. We show that the calorific value of PLA cannot be improved by torrefaction, and that the process cannot be self-sufficient, while the calorific value of paper can be improved up to 10% by the same process. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis revealed that PLA decomposes in one stage at ~290–400 °C with a maximum peak at 367 °C, following a 0.42 reaction order with the activation energy of 160.05 kJ·(mol·K)−1.

scholarly journals Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel Production from Municipal Solid Waste: The Case Studies in Latvia and Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Dace Âriņa ◽  
Rūta Bendere ◽  
Gintaras Denafas ◽  
Jānis Kalnačs ◽  
Mait Kriipsalu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe authors determined the morphological composition of refuse derived fuel (RDF) produced in Latvia and Lithuania by manually sorting. The parameters of RDF (moisture, net calorific value, ash content, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, chlorine, metals) was determined using the EN standards. Comparing obtained results with data from literature, authors have found that the content of plastic is higher but paper and cardboard is lower than typical values. Results also show that the mean parameters for RDF can be classified with the class codes: Net heating value (3); chlorine (3); mercury (1), and responds to limits stated for 3rd class of solid recovered fuel. It is recommended to separate biological waste at source to lower moisture and ash content and increase heating value for potential fuel production from waste.

Chlorine-free Solid Fuel Production from Municipal Solid Waste by Hydrothermal Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1177-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu INDRAWAN ◽  
Pandji PRAWISUDHA ◽  
Kunio YOSHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Fuel Production

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Upgrading of Korean MSW for Solid Fuel Production: Effect of MSW Composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daegi Kim ◽  
Pandji Prawisudha ◽  
Kunio Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Food Residue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Msw Composition

In Korea, municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment is conducted by converting wastes into energy resources using the mechanical-biological treatment (MBT). The small size MSW to be separated from raw MSW by mechanical treatment (MT) is generally treated by biological treatment that consists of high composition of food residue and paper and so forth. In this research, the hydrothermal treatment was applied to treat the surrogate MT residue composed of paper and/or kimchi. It was shown that the hydrothermal treatment increased the calorific value of the surrogate MT residue due to increasing fixed carbon content and decreasing oxygen content and enhanced the dehydration and drying performances of kimchi. Comparing the results of paper and kimchi samples, the calorific value of the treated product from paper was increased more effectively due to its high content of cellulose. Furthermore, the change of the calorific value before and after the hydrothermal treatment of the mixture of paper and kimchi can be well predicted by this change of paper and kimchi only. The hydrothermal treatment can be expected to effectively convert high moisture MT residue into a uniform solid fuel.

scholarly journals Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) from Urban Waste using Biodrying Process: Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Mochammad Chaerul ◽  
Annisa Kusuma Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel

The utilization of waste into fuel (Refuse Derived Fuel, RDF) is an alternative to overcome the problem of municipal solid waste (MSW). Many processes can be applied to produce RDF including through biodrying process. Biodrying is a part of Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT) aiming to reduce water content in the waste by utilizing heat generated from microorganism activities while degrading organic matter in the waste, thus the calorific value will increase. The paper aims to make a review from various research papers on biodrying process published in scientific journals, so it becomes one of reference on further research on biodrying process by considering the characteristics of waste in Indonesia. The review has been conducted by focusing on several important aspects on the research such as operation principle, reactor design configuration, parameters to be examined, and the characteristics of feed and product.

Municipal solid waste landfill age and refuse-derived fuel

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2096183
Author(s):  
Ing-Jia Chiou ◽  
Ching-Ho Chen
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Squeeze Pressure ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Mine Sites ◽  
Closed Landfill

Landfill sites are hard to obtain in Taiwan. Municipal solid waste (MSW) in the closed landfill sites has high combustible content and calorific value (CV). Therefore, activating the closed landfill sites as municipal mine sites to prolong their service life will promote a sustainable environment. This study transforms combustibles from the closed municipal landfill sites of different landfill ages (LAs) into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) through pretreatment and squeeze forming equipment, so to investigate the characteristics of the MSW of different LAs, and the manufacturing conditions and firing behaviour of RDF. The results indicate that the proportion of the combustibles in MSW declines as the LA grows, and therefore the proportions of both incombustible materials and soil and debris correspondingly increased. The LA of the MSW is thus negatively correlated with the CV. The MSW at the LA of 10 years still has high potential as fuel material. The fixed carbon initiation temperatures (i.e. ignition temperatures) of combustibles of the MSW at the LAs of 1 year, 5 years and 10 years are 259°C, 256°C and 245°C, respectively. The CV and flame temperature of the RDF increase slightly with the increasing squeeze temperature (ST) at 100–120°C, but it will decrease when the ST reaches 130°C. Therefore, this study recommends the squeeze pressure of the RDF as 41.65 ± 8.24 kg cm−2, ST 110°C and combustible size 10–20 mm.

scholarly journals Low-Temperature Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste Components and Refuse-Derived Fuel—Process Efficiency and Fuel Properties of Carbonized Solid Fuel

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Ewa Syguła ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Paweł Stępień ◽  
Szymon Kugler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Low Temperature Pyrolysis

New technologies to valorize refuse-derived fuels (RDFs) will be required in the near future due to emerging trends of (1) the cement industry’s demands for high-quality alternative fuels and (2) the decreasing calorific value of the fuels derived from municipal solid waste (MSW) and currently used in cement/incineration plants. Low-temperature pyrolysis can increase the calorific value of processed material, leading to the production of value-added carbonized solid fuel (CSF). This dataset summarizes the key properties of MSW-derived CSF. Pyrolysis experiments were completed using eight types of organic waste and their two RDF mixtures. Organic waste represented common morphological groups of MSW, i.e., cartons, fabrics, kitchen waste, paper, plastic, rubber, PAP/AL/PE composite packaging (multi-material packaging also known as Tetra Pak cartons), and wood. The pyrolysis was conducted at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C (20 °C intervals), with a retention (process) time of 20 to 60 min (20 min intervals). The mass yield, energy densification ratio, and energy yield were determined to characterize the pyrolysis process efficiency. The raw materials and produced CSF were tested with proximate analyses (moisture content, organic matter content, ash content, and combustible part content) and with ultimate analyses (elemental composition C, H, N, S) and high heating value (HHV). Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of the pyrolysis process were performed. The dataset documents the changes in fuel properties of RDF resulting from low-temperature pyrolysis as a function of the pyrolysis conditions and feedstock type. The greatest HHV improvements were observed for fabrics (up to 65%), PAP/AL/PE composite packaging (up to 56%), and wood (up to 46%).

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