scholarly journals Organosolv Lignin from European Tree Bark: Influence of Bark Pretreatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7774
Author(s):  
Jakub Grzybek ◽  
Thomas Sepperer ◽  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
Thomas Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Organosolv Lignin

As lignin is becoming more and more attractive to industry and the circular economy continues to grow, the utilization of a byproduct that, to date, has been underrated by the wood industry is investigated as an abundantly available source of lignin. Bark from spruce, larch and beech tress is extracted using the organosolv process with and without prior hot water extraction. The influence of the treatment on chemical properties of the lignin was determined by spectrophotometric, chromatographic, and vibrational spectroscopy. It was found that hot water extraction prior to organosolv extraction influences the chemical composition, antioxidative properties and molecular weight distribution of the obtained extracts. While hot water extracts are rich in flavonoids, organosolv fractions can contain high amounts of organic acids depending on whether they are from a hardwood or softwood source. This investigation lays the foundation for further research into the utilization of byproducts to generate high-value resources.

scholarly journals Structural and Thermal Analysis of Softwood Lignins from a Pressurized Hot Water Extraction Biorefinery Process and Modified Derivatives

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Lagerquist ◽  
Andrey Pranovich ◽  
Ivan Sumerskii ◽  
Sebastian von Schoultz ◽  
Lari Vähäsalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Pressurized Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Nmr Techniques

In this work we have analyzed the pine and spruce softwood lignin fraction recovered from a novel pressurized hot water extraction pilot process. The lignin structure was characterized using multiple NMR techniques and the thermal properties were analyzed using thermal gravimetric analysis. Acetylated and selectively methylated derivatives were prepared, and their structure and properties were analyzed and compared to the unmodified lignin. The lignin had relatively high molar weight and low PDI values and even less polydisperse fractions could be obtained by fractionation based on solubility in i-PrOH. Condensation, especially at the 5-position, was detected in this sulphur-free technical lignin, which had been enriched with carbon compared to the milled wood lignin (MWL) sample of the same wood chips. An increase in phenolic and carboxylic groups was also detected, which makes the lignin accessible to chemical modification. The lignin was determined to be thermally stable up to (273–302 °C) based on its Tdst 95% value. Due to the thermal stability, low polydispersity, and possibility to tailor its chemical properties by modification of its hydroxyl groups, possible application areas for the lignin could be in polymeric blends, composites or in resins.

Evaluation of the chemical composition of brown seaweed ( Saccharina japonica ) hydrolysate by pressurized hot water extraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Periaswamy Sivagnanam Saravana ◽  
Jae Hyung Choi ◽  
Yong Beom Park ◽  
Hee Chul Woo ◽  
Byung Soo Chun
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Saccharina Japonica ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Pressurized Hot Water Extraction

Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from Ficus carica

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 3930-3943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Du ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Jianhua Zhu ◽  
Chunhua Huang ◽  
Sixue Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Chromatographic Methods

A novel polysaccharide (FCPW80-2) with a molecular weight of 1.21 × 105 Da was first isolated from Ficus carica through hot water extraction and several chromatographic methods.

scholarly journals Extraction Efficiency of a Commercial Espresso Machine Compared to a Stainless-Steel Column Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) System for the Determination of 23 Pharmaceuticals, Antibiotics and Hormones in Sewage Sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola Svahn ◽  
Erland Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Pressurized Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Steel Column ◽  
Stainless Steel Column

Two green chemistry extraction systems, an in-house stainless-steel column Pressurized Hot Water Extraction system (PHWE) and a commercially available Espresso machine were applied for analysing 23 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in sewage sludge. Final analysis was performed on UPLC-MS/MS using two different chromatographic methods: acid and basic. When analysing all 23 APIs in sewage sludge both extraction methods showed good repeatability. The PHWE method allowed for a more complete extraction of APIs that were more tightly bound to the matrix, as exemplified by much higher concentrations of e.g., ketoconazole, citalopram and ciprofloxacin. In total, 19 out of 23 investigated APIs were quantified in sewage sludge, and with a few exceptions the PHWE method was more exhaustive. Mean absolute recoveries of 7 spiked labelled APIs were lower for the PHWE method than the Espresso method. Under acid chromatographic conditions mean recoveries were 16% and 24%, respectively, but increased to 24% and 37% under basic conditions. The difference between the PHWE method and the Espresso method might be interpreted as the Espresso method giving higher extraction efficiency; however, TIC scans of extracts revealed a much higher matrix co-extraction for the PHWE method. Attempts were made to correlate occurrence of compounds in sewage sludge with chemical properties of the 23 APIs and there are strong indications that both the number of aromatic rings and the presence of a positive charge is important for the sorption processes to sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Apricot Pit Shells and Effect of Hot-Water Extraction

Energies ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 9640-9654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Corbett ◽  
Neil Kohan ◽  
Grazielle Machado ◽  
Chengyan Jing ◽  
Aditi Nagardeolekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Hot Water Extraction

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of a Polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata and Its Bioactivity on Gut Microbiota

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4443
Author(s):  
Jiangyan Huo ◽  
Min Lei ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Jinjun Hou ◽  
Zijia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol

A novel homogeneous polysaccharide named GEP-1 was isolated and purified from Gastrodia elata (G. elata) by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and membrane separator. GEP-1, which has a molecular weight of 20.1 kDa, contains a polysaccharide framework comprised of only glucose. Methylation and NMR analysis showed that GEP-1 contained 1,3,6-linked-α-Glcp, 1,4-linked-α-Glcp, 1,4-linked-β-Glcp and 1,4,6-linked-α-Glcp. Interestingly, GEP-1 contained citric acid and repeating p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as one branch. Furthermore, a bioactivity test showed that GEP-1 could significantly promote the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (L.paracasei) strains. These results implied that GEP-1 might be useful for human by modulating gut microbiota.

Effect of Ultrasonic Wave on Lentinan Extraction

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1339-1343
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Zhang ◽  
Hong Rui Li ◽  
Jun Tao ◽  
Bing Bing Dong
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Extraction Condition ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Extraction Parameters

The research in this paper optimized the extraction technique of lentinan with ultrasonic assistant method on the basis of hot water extraction technique, and investigated the promoting function of ultrasound to polysaccharides extraction. Extraction condition was selected by means of orthogonal experimental design, four factors and three levels L9(34), after key elements were respectively chosen through single factor experiments. Comparison between optimal extraction parameters of two method, hot water extraction technique and ultrasonic assistant extraction technique, showed decreased extraction temperature and significantly shortened extraction time, which existed in the second means, improved the extraction efficiency. Lentinus edodes polysaccharide extracted with ultrasonic assistant technique, the extraction rate and polysaccharide content percentage increased 6.22% and 8.66% respectively, comparative to which extracted with hot water extraction technique.

scholarly journals Optimization of the extraction of galactoglucomannans from Pinus halepensis

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nacera Benouadah ◽  
Andrey Pranovich ◽  
Djamel Aliouche ◽  
Jalel Labidi ◽  
Stefan Willför
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Extraction Parameters

AbstractThe effectiveness of pressurized hot-water extraction conditions for obtaining galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from Pinus halepensis suitable for applications like coatings and films packaging was investigated. For this purpose, high molar masses with high yields are required, presenting a serious challenge for hot-water extraction processes. The extraction of GGMs was carried out in an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) and the isolation was performed by precipitation in ethanol. Three temperatures in the range 160–180 °C and five extraction times 5–90 min were tested in order to optimize extraction parameters of GGMs, avoiding thermal and chemical degradation in hot-water. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined gravimetrically after freeze-drying and weight average molar masses (Mw) were determined by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Total non-cellulosic carbohydrates were determined by gas chromatography (GC) after acid methanolysis. Free monomers were additionally analyzed by GC. Lignin in water extracts was measured by an ultraviolet (UV) method. Acetic acid was determined after alkaline hydrolysis of acetyl groups and analyzed by HPSEC. The main parameters influencing the extraction processes of the GGMs, namely, extraction time and temperature were studied. Optimal extraction parameters of GGMs were identified at 170 °C and 20 min extraction time, with average Mw of extracted fraction of 7 kDa leading to a GGM yield of approximately 56 ${\text{mgg}}_{\text{o}.\text{d}.\text{m}}^{-1}$, corresponding to 6% on dry wood basis.

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