scholarly journals Dual and Multi Energy XRT and CT Analyses Applied to Copper-Molybdenum Mineralizations in Porphyry Deposits

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Christine Bauer ◽  
Rebecca Wagner ◽  
Beate Orberger ◽  
Markus Firsching ◽  
Christiane Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Porphyry Deposits ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Porphyry Cu ◽  
Ore Body ◽  
Conveyor Belts ◽  
Ct Data

X-ray transmission (XRT) and computed tomography (CT) was used on five samples from the Niaz porphyry Cu–Mo deposit in Iran, representing different alteration zones. Analysis of three-dimensional CT data revealed structural information and groups of elements with low, medium and high attenuation, which were assigned to minerals previously determined by scanning electron microscopy. Thus, the mineralization can be located, and the metal/waste ratio can be estimated, leading to more precise ore body modelling and process parameter determination. CT is useful for selected samples as it is time consuming. XRT can be used as real-time process on conveyor belts.

scholarly journals 3D immersive visualization of micro-computed tomography and XRD texture datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
M. A. Rodriguez ◽  
T. T. Amon ◽  
J. J. M. Griego ◽  
H. Brown-Shaklee ◽  
N. Green
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Ct Data

Advancements in computer technology have enabled three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, data-stitching, and manipulation of 3D data obtained on X-ray imaging systems such as micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Likewise, intuitive evaluation of these 3D datasets can be enhanced by recent advances in virtual reality (VR) hardware and software. Additionally, the generation, viewing, and manipulation of 3D X-ray diffraction datasets, such as pole figures employed for texture analysis, can also benefit from these advanced visualization techniques. We present newly-developed protocols for porting 3D data (as TIFF-stacks) into a Unity gaming software platform so that data may be toured, manipulated, and evaluated within a more-intuitive VR environment through the use of game-like controls and 3D headsets. We demonstrate this capability by rendering μ-CT data of a polymer dogbone test bar at various stages of in situ mechanical strain. An additional experiment is presented showing 3D XRD data collected on an aluminum test block with vias. These 3D XRD data for texture analysis (χ, ϕ, 2θ dimensions) enables the viewer to visually inspect 3D pole figures and detect the presence or absence of in-plane residual macrostrain. These two examples serve to illustrate the benefits of this new methodology for multidimensional analysis.

scholarly journals Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a single variable domain of the immunoglobulin superfamily in amphioxus,Amphi-IgSF-V

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1072-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Yanjie Liu ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Zhenbao Wang ◽  
Mansoor Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
System A ◽  
Human Immunoglobulins

Amphioxus is regarded as an essential animal model for the study of immune evolution. Discovery of new molecules with the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) variable (V) domain in amphioxus would help in studying the evolution of IgSF V molecules in the immune system. A protein was found which just contains only one IgSF V domain in amphioxus, termedAmphi-IgSF-V; it has over 30% sequence identity to the V domains of human immunoglobulins and mammalian T-cell receptors. In order to clarify the three-dimensional structure of this new molecule in amphioxus,Amphi-IgSF-V was expressed, purified and crystallized, and diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 1.95 Å. The crystal belonged to space groupP3221, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 53.9,c= 135.5 Å. The Matthews coefficient and solvent content were calculated to be 2.58 Å3 Da−1and 52.38%, respectively. The results will provide structural information to study the evolution of IgSF V molecules in the immune system.

scholarly journals X-Ray Cross-Correlation Analysis of Disordered Ensembles of Particles: Potentials and Limitations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Kurta ◽  
M. Altarelli ◽  
I. A. Vartanyants
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Disordered Systems ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Ray Scattering

Angular X-ray cross-correlation analysis (XCCA) is an approach to study the structure of disordered systems using the results of X-ray scattering experiments. In this paper we summarize recent theoretical developments related to the Fourier analysis of the cross-correlation functions. Results of our simulations demonstrate the application of XCCA to two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) disordered ensembles of particles. We show that the structure of a single particle can be recovered using X-ray data collected from a 2D disordered system of identical particles. We also demonstrate that valuable structural information about the local structure of 3D systems, inaccessible from a standard small-angle X-ray scattering experiment, can be resolved using XCCA.

scholarly journals Multiscale three-dimensional imaging of intact human organs down to the cellular scale using hierarchical phase-contrast tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Walsh ◽  
P. Tafforeau ◽  
Willi L. Wagner ◽  
D. J. Jafree ◽  
A. Bellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

ABSTRACTHuman organs are complex, three-dimensional and multiscale systems. Spatially mapping the human body down through its hierarchy, from entire organs to their individual functional units and specialised cells, is a major obstacle to fully understanding health and disease. To meet this challenge, we developed hierarchical phase-contrast tomography (HiP-CT), an X-ray phase propagation technique utilising the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility’s Extremely Brilliant Source: the world’s first high-energy 4th generation X-ray source. HiP-CT enabled three-dimensional and non-destructive imaging at near-micron resolution in soft tissues at one hundred thousand times the voxel size whilst maintaining the organ’s structure. We applied HiP-CT to image five intact human parenchymal organs: brain, lung, heart, kidney and spleen. These were hierarchically assessed with HiP-CT, providing a structural overview of the whole organ alongside detail of the organ’s individual functional units and cells. The potential applications of HiP-CT were demonstrated through quantification and morphometry of glomeruli in an intact human kidney, and identification of regional changes to the architecture of the air-tissue interface and alveolar morphology in the lung of a deceased COVID-19 patient. Overall, we show that HiP-CT is a powerful tool which can provide a comprehensive picture of structural information for whole intact human organs, encompassing precise details on functional units and their constituent cells to better understand human health and disease.

scholarly journals X.a.f.s. studies of chicken dicupric ovotransferrin

1991 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Garratt ◽  
R W Evans ◽  
S S Hasnain ◽  
P F Lindley ◽  
R Sarra
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Protein Ligands ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
Carbonate Anion

A comparison of Cu K-edge x.a.f.s. spectra with that of the equivalent Fe K-edge for chicken ovotransferrin (COT) indicates that the metal ions occupy essentially the same binding sites in the protein. However, in the case of the Cu2+ complex the metal appears to have reduced co-ordination. Changes are observed in the x.a.f.s. of 90%-saturated COT (Cu1.8COT) on freeze-drying. The three-dimensional X-ray structures of rabbit serum transferrin and human lactoferrin have shown that the ferric cations are co-ordinated by four protein ligands and a bidentate carbonate anion in a distorted octahedral arrangement [Anderson, Baker, Dodson, Norris, Rumball, Waters & Baker (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 1768-1774; Anderson, Baker, Norris, Rice and Baker (1989) J. Mol. Biol. 209, 711-734; Bailey, Evans, Garratt, Gorinsky, Hasnain, Horsburgh, Jhoti, Lindley, Mydin, Sarra & Watson (1988) Biochemistry 27, 5804-5812]. This structural information, together with the differences in e.x.a.f.s. spectra for solution and freeze-dried samples of diferric COT [Hasnain, Evans, Garratt & Lindley (1987) Biochem. J. 247, 369-375] suggests that the synergistic carbonate anion may be capable of behaving as a unidentate linkage to the Cu2+ in the dicupric complex. Data for Cu1.8COT are consistent with only three protein ligands bound to Cu2+, monodentate binding of the synergistic anion in one lobe and its bidentate binding in the other lobe. Such flexibility in the anion co-ordination may be a requirement for the uptake and release of metals by the transferrins.

scholarly journals Exploring the atomic structure and conformational flexibility of a 320 Å long engineered viral fiber using X-ray crystallography

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshul Bhardwaj ◽  
Sherwood R. Casjens ◽  
Gino Cingolani
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Quaternary Structure ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fiber Assembly ◽  
Protein Fibers ◽  
Protein Fiber

Protein fibers are widespread in nature, but only a limited number of high-resolution structures have been determined experimentally. Unlike globular proteins, fibers are usually recalcitrant to form three-dimensional crystals, preventing single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the absence of three-dimensional crystals, X-ray fiber diffraction is a powerful tool to determine the internal symmetry of a fiber, but it rarely yields atomic resolution structural information on complex protein fibers. An 85-residue-long minimal coiled-coil repeat unit (MiCRU) was previously identified in the trimeric helical core of tail needle gp26, a fibrous protein emanating from the tail apparatus of the bacteriophage P22 virion. Here, evidence is provided that an MiCRU can be inserted in frame inside the gp26 helical core to generate a rationally extended fiber (gp26-2M) which, like gp26, retains a trimeric quaternary structure in solution. The 2.7 Å resolution crystal structure of this engineered fiber, which measures ∼320 Å in length and is only 20–35 Å wide, was determined. This structure, the longest for a trimeric protein fiber to be determined to such a high resolution, reveals the architecture of 22 consecutive trimerization heptads and provides a framework to decipher the structural determinants for protein fiber assembly, stability and flexibility.

Three-dimensional visualization of fibrous tissues in cirrhotic rats via X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography with iodine staining

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1354-1360
Author(s):  
Jianbo Jian ◽  
Xinyan Zhao ◽  
Lili Qin ◽  
Yuqing Zhao ◽  
Mengyu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iodine Staining ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
3D Presentation ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

To accurately characterize cirrhosis, knowledge of the 3D fibrous structures is essential. Histology is the gold standard in cirrhosis screening, but it mainly provides structural information in 2D planes and destroys the 3D samples in the process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PCCT) with iodine staining for the 3D nondestructive visualization of internal structural details in entire cirrhotic livers with histopathologic correlation. In this study, cirrhotic livers induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats were imaged via PCCT and then histopathologically processed. Characteristics of the cirrhosis, i.e. abnormal nodules surrounded by annular fibrosis, were established and a 3D reconstruction of these structures was also performed via PCCT. Fibrosis area, septal width and nodular size were measured and the correlation for these quantitative measurements between PCCT and histopathologic findings was analyzed. The results showed that fibrous bands, small nodules and angio-architecture in cirrhosis were clearly presented in the PCCT images, with histopathologic findings as standard reference. In comparison with histopathology, PCCT was associated with a very close value for fibrosis area, septal width and nodular size. The quantitative measurements showed a strong correlation between PCCT and histopathology. Additionally, the 3D structures of fibrous bands and microvasculature were presented simultaneously. PCCT provides excellent results in the assessment of cirrhosis characteristics and 3D presentation of these feature structures compared with histopathology. Thus, the technique may serve as an adjunct nondestructive 3D modality for cirrhosis characterization.

scholarly journals Advanced Segmentation Algorithms for the Three-Dimensional Analysis of X-Ray CT Data from Geomaterials

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes BRABANT ◽  
Jelle VLASSENBROECK ◽  
Tim DE KOCK ◽  
Manuel DIERICK ◽  
Veerle CNUDDE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Segmentation Algorithms ◽  
Ct Data

scholarly journals Raman optical activity: A new light on proteins, carbohydrates and glycoproteins

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence D. Barron
Keyword(s):  
Structural Biology ◽  
Optical Activity ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Raman Optical Activity

The core techniques of structural biology, namely X-ray crystallography and multidimensional NMR, are often not applicable to many important samples due to fundamental experimental problems, such as the lack of suitable crystals in the X-ray case or excessive size or flexibility for NMR. Carbohydrates and glycoproteins are especially challenging in this respect. The novel technique of vibrational ROA (Raman optical activity), which combines the advantages of vibrational spectroscopy with the extra sensitivity to three-dimensional structure of chiroptical methods such as CD (circular dichroism), has much promise for studying a large range of biomolecules, from the smallest to the largest, in aqueous solution. Among other things, it is capable of providing structural information about both the polypeptide and the carbohydrate structure of intact glycoproteins and should become an indispensable spectroscopy tool for glycobiology.

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