scholarly journals FPGA-Oriented LDPC Decoder for Cyber-Physical Systems

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kuc ◽  
Wojciech Sułek ◽  
Dariusz Kania
Keyword(s):  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Testing Environment ◽  
Ldpc Decoder ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Forward Error

A potentially useful Cyber-Physical Systems element is a modern forward error correction (FEC) coding system, utilizing a code selected from the broad class of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes. In this paper, development of a hardware implementation in an FPGAs of the decoder for Quasi-Cyclic (QC-LDPC) subclass of codes is presented. The decoder can be configured to support the typical decoding algorithms: Min-Sum or Normalized Min-Sum (NMS). A novel method of normalization in the NMS algorithm is proposed, one that utilizes combinational logic instead of arithmetic units. A comparison of decoders with different bit-lengths of data (beliefs that are messages propagated between computing units) is also provided. The presented decoder has been implemented with a distributed control system. Experimental studies were conducted using the Intel Cyclone V FPGA module, which is a part of the developed testing environment for LDPC coding systems.

scholarly journals Addressing the Safety of Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems: Development and Validation of a Verbal Warning Utility Scale for Intelligent Transportation Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yiqi Zhang ◽  
Changxu Wu ◽  
Chunming Qiao ◽  
Adel Sadek ◽  
Kevin F. Hulme
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Utility Scale

As an important application of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), advances in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) improve driving safety by informing drivers of hazards with warnings in advance. The evaluation of the warning effectiveness is an important issue in facilitating communication of ITS. The goal of the present study was to develop a scale to evaluate the warning utility, namely, the effectiveness of a warning in preventing accidents in general. A driving simulator study was conducted to validate the Verbal Warning Utility Scale (VWUS) in a simulated driving environment. The reliability analysis indicated a good split-half reliability for the VWUS with a Spearman-Brown Coefficient of 0.873. The predictive validity of VWUS in measuring the effectiveness of the verbal warnings was verified by the significant prediction of safety benefits indicated by variables, including reduced kinetic energy and collision rate. Compared to conducting experimental studies, this scale provides a simpler way to evaluate overall utility of verbal warnings in communicating associated hazards in intelligent transportation systems. This scale can be further applied to improve the design of warnings of ITS in order to improve transportation safety. The applications of the scale in nonverbal warning situations and limitations of the current scale are also discussed.

8-BIT FORWARD ERROR CORRECTION CODES IN LINEAR NETWORK CODING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.С. ВЛАДИМИРОВ
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Error Correction Codes ◽  
Linear Network ◽  
Linear Network Coding ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Forward Error Correction Codes ◽  
Forward Error

Проведен сравнительный анализ трех разнотипных 8-разрядных помехоустойчивых кодов с прямой коррекцией ошибокдля систем сетевого кодирования. Путем математического моделирования выполнен расчет вероятностных характеристик 8-разрядных помехоустойчивых кодов для двух сетевых топологий, применяемых в системах сетевого кодирования. Приведены рекомендации по использованию рассмотренных кодов. The article provides a comparative analysis of three different types of 8-bit forward error correction codes for network coding systems. Using mathematical modeling, the probability characteristics of the considered 8-bit forward error correction codes are calculated for two network topologies used in network coding systems. Recommendations on the use of the considered codes are given

scholarly journals Implementation of an LDPC decoder for IEEE 802.11n using VivadoTM High-Level Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ernest Scheiber ◽  
Guido H. Bruck ◽  
Peter Jung
Keyword(s):  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
High Level Synthesis ◽  
Ldpc Decoder ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Level ◽  
Forward Error ◽  
Hardware Designs ◽  
High Processing

The increasing complexity of hardware designs calls for design methodolgies that use more abstract design entries and increased automation of the implementation process. Highlevel synthesis (HLS) has been a research topic for the past 20 years, and current tools, such as Xilinx VivadoTM HLS promise to bring HLS to widespread use. In this paper we use Xilinx VivadoTMHLS to design an LDPC decoder for 802.11n. Forward error correction decoders are typically implemented in hardware due to the high processing requirements and therefore an LDPC decoder is an appropriate example to demonstrate the power of high-level synthesis

scholarly journals Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning concept for mobile cyber-physical systems control

2021 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Petrenko ◽  
Mikhail Gurchinskiy
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Learning Concept ◽  
High Computational Complexity

High complexity of mobile cyber physical systems (MCPS) dynamics makes it difficult to apply classical methods to optimize the MCPS agent management policy. In this regard, the use of intelligent control methods, in particular, with the help of artificial neural networks (ANN) and multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MDRL), is gaining relevance. In practice, the application of MDRL in MCPS faces the following problems: 1) existing MDRL methods have low scalability; 2) the inference of the used ANNs has high computational complexity; 3) MCPS trained using existing methods have low functional safety. To solve these problems, we propose the concept of a new MDRL method based on the existing MADDPG method. Within the framework of the concept, it is proposed: 1) to increase the scalability of MDRL by using information not about all other MCPS agents, but only about n nearest neighbors; 2) reduce the computational complexity of ANN inference by using a sparse ANN structure; 3) to increase the functional safety of trained MCPS by using a training set with uneven distribution of states. The proposed concept is expected to help address the challenges of applying MDRL to MCPS. To confirm this, it is planned to conduct experimental studies.

Emerging Cyber-Physical Systems : An Overview

2018 ◽  
pp. 306-316
Author(s):  
Okolie S.O. ◽  
Kuyoro S.O. ◽  
Ohwo O. B
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Strategic Research ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Wide Range

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) will revolutionize how humans relate with the physical world around us. Many grand challenges await the economically vital domains of transportation, health-care, manufacturing, agriculture, energy, defence, aerospace and buildings. Exploration of these potentialities around space and time would create applications which would affect societal and economic benefit. This paper looks into the concept of emerging Cyber-Physical system, applications and security issues in sustaining development in various economic sectors; outlining a set of strategic Research and Development opportunities that should be accosted, so as to allow upgraded CPS to attain their potential and provide a wide range of societal advantages in the future.

Security of Cyber-Physical Systems: A Generalized Algorithm for Intrusion Detection and Determining Security Robustness of Cyber Physical Systems using Logical Truth Tables

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis G. Northcutt
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Logical Truth ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Multiple Signal ◽  
Security Attack ◽  
Truth Tables

The recent proliferation of embedded cyber components in modern physical systems [1] has generated a variety of new security risks which threaten not only cyberspace, but our physical environment as well. Whereas earlier security threats resided primarily in cyberspace, the increasing marriage of digital technology with mechanical systems in cyber-physical systems (CPS), suggests the need for more advanced generalized CPS security measures. To address this problem, in this paper we consider the first step toward an improved security model: detecting the security attack. Using logical truth tables, we have developed a generalized algorithm for intrusion detection in CPS for systems which can be defined over discrete set of valued states. Additionally, a robustness algorithm is given which determines the level of security of a discrete-valued CPS against varying combinations of multiple signal alterations. These algorithms, when coupled with encryption keys which disallow multiple signal alteration, provide for a generalized security methodology for both cyber-security and cyber-physical systems.

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