scholarly journals On Admissible Orders on the Set of Discrete Fuzzy Numbers for Application in Decision Making Problems

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Juan Vicente Riera ◽  
Sebastia Massanet ◽  
Humberto Bustince ◽  
Javier Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Representation Theorem ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Closed Interval ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Finite Chain ◽  
Admissible Orders

The study of orders is a constantly evolving topic, not only for its interest from a theoretical point of view, but also for its possible applications. Recently, one of the hot lines of research has been the construction of admissible orders in different frameworks. Following this direction, this paper presents a new representation theorem in the field of discrete fuzzy numbers that enables the construction of two families of admissible orders in the set of discrete fuzzy numbers whose support is a closed interval of a finite chain, leading to the first admissible orders introduced in this framework.

scholarly journals AIDA: Web Agents in Dental Treatment Planning

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Finkeissen ◽  
I. Stamm ◽  
M. Müssig ◽  
J. Streicher ◽  
U. Koke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Artificial Intelligent ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Decision Structure ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

The objective of the AIDA project (Artificial Intelligent Dental Agents, http://aida.uni-hd.de ) is the analysis of dental decision-making, the design of a computer-based decision support system, as well as the testing of the decision structure in interactions with dental experts, practicing dentists, and patients. The planning of the solution alternatives for an individual patient is based on a top-down structure for dental decision-making, aiming at a standardization of the argumentation. From a theoretical point of view, decision support can be provided only for anticipated decisions (planning). Moreover, only parts of these anticipated decisions can be supported. Accordingly, a separation of these partial aspects has to take place before one is able to build decision support systems. For prosthetic dentistry, clinicians have been shown how to use individual patient findings to sketch the possible treatment alternatives and later derive guidelines for the treatment. The planning module for fixed prostheses has already been integrated into a software agent. Planning modules for other types of prostheses are currently specified, implemented, and verified.

scholarly journals Is it Permissible to Teach Buddhist Mindfulness Meditation in a Critical Thinking Course?

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-586
Author(s):  
Anand Jayprakash Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Buddhist Tradition ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Critical Mind

Abstract: In this essay I set out the case for why mindfulness meditation should be included in critical thinking education, especially with respect to educating people about how to argue with one another. In 1, I introduce to distinct mind sets, the critical mind and the meditative mind, and show that they are in apparent tension with one another. Then by examining the Delphi Report on Critical Thinking I show how they are not in tension. I close 1 by examining some recent work by Mark Battersby and Jeffery Maynes on expanding out critical thinking education to be inclusive of cognitive science and decision making. I argue that their arguments for expanding critical thinking education ultimately lead to considering the relevance of meditation in critical thinking. In 2, I examine work on critical thinking by Harvey Siegel and Sharon Bailin in order to draw out different conceptions of critical thinking both from a theoretical point of view as well as a pedagogical point of view. In 3, I present criteria for selecting a form of meditation that should be taught in critical thinking courses; I argue that mindfulness meditation deriving from the Buddhist tradition satisfies the relevant criteria. I then present research from contemporary cognitive neuroscience and psychology about the benefits of mindfulness meditation as it relates to the prospects of including it in critical thinking. In 4, I consider a recent study by Noone and Hogan (2018) that suggests that mindfulness meditation does not improve a person’s ability to think critically. I argue that while the study is important, there are substantial reasons for thinking that further studies should be done, as the authors themselves conclude. In 5, I move on to the issue of how meditation can be useful for improving performance in one important area of critical thinking: mitigating stereotype threat. My focus here is on examining the hypothesis that stereotype threat effects performance in critical thinking, and that negative impacts from stereotype threat can be mitigated by meditation. In 6, I summarize my argument for including meditation into critical thinking education, and close by discussing three important objections.

scholarly journals Desenvolvimento de um Modelo Dinâmico e Adaptativo como Ferramenta para a Orientação Estratégica em Organizações do Setor Aeroespacial

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-263
Author(s):  
Dinah Eluze Sales Leite ◽  
Milton De Freitas Chagas Junior
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Abductive Logic ◽  
Strategic Model ◽  
Aerospace Sector ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: The article proposes a strategic model, dynamic and adaptive, aiming to improve the capture and use of opportunities in the selection of the technology portfolio in complex and uncertain environments.Method: The methodology defined in this research is the study of multiple cases in the Design Science approach. We seek to generate scientific knowledge about the selection of technologies in organizations in the aerospace sector through the development and application of the proposed model. The study also considers a combination of inductive and abductive logic to deal with the inherent uncertainty in the RD environment.Originality/Relevance: From a theoretical point of view, the main gaps in technological strategy in the aerospace sector can be highlighted: decision making under uncertainty, the lack of integration between areas in decision making, and limitations in the time horizon of strategic development.Results: The main expected results, with the application of the model, are: (1) improve the capture, and use of opportunities, (2) improve the competitive advantage of the organization, and (3) contribute to a more flexible technology strategy in the long term. The cases explored allowed the detailing of the impacts of decision making on strategic development and the technologies domain in the definition of technological routes.Theoretical contributions: From a theoretical point of view, the research contributes to the dynamic capabilities model, including seizing to generative sensing.Management contributions: From a practical point of view, the development of the model contributes to aerospace organizations' strategic management to make them more robust, agile, and flexible.

scholarly journals Violence and Risk Preference: Experimental Evidence from Afghanistan: Comment

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 2366-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand M. Vieider
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Reference Dependence ◽  
Random Choice ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Descriptive Theories ◽  
Systematic Noise

In this comment on Callen et al. (2014), I revisit recent evidence uncovering a “preference for certainty” in violation of dominant normative and descriptive theories of decision-making under risk. I show that the empirical findings are potentially confounded by systematic noise. I then develop choice lists that allow me to disentangle these different explanations. Experimental results obtained with these lists reject explanations based on a preference for certainty in favor of explanations based on random choice. From a theoretical point of view, the levels of risk aversion detected in the choice list involving certainty can be accounted for by prospect theory through reference dependence activated by salient outcomes. (JEL C91, D12, D74, D81, O12, O17)

Medical Diagnosis from a Clinician’s Point of View

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
F. T. De Dombal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
The World

This paper discusses medical diagnosis from the clinicians point of view. The aim of the paper is to identify areas where computer science and information science may be of help to the practising clinician. Collection of data, analysis, and decision-making are discussed in turn. Finally, some specific recommendations are made for further joint research on the basis of experience around the world to date.

Timber Auctions in the Context of the Modern Auction Theory

2007 ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
A. Manakov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Auction Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
English Auction ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation

The article provides theoretical analysis and evaluation of the timber auctions reforms in Russia. The author shows that the mechanism of the "combined auctions", which functioned until recently, is more appropriate from the theoretical point of view (and from the point of view of the Russian practice) as compared to the officially approved format of the English auction.

A novel cryptosystem based on abstract automata and Latin cubes

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Pál Dömösi ◽  
Géza Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Finite Automata ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Automata Network ◽  
Fully Functioning

In this paper we introduce a novel block cipher based on the composition of abstract finite automata and Latin cubes. For information encryption and decryption the apparatus uses the same secret keys, which consist of key-automata based on composition of abstract finite automata such that the transition matrices of the component automata form Latin cubes. The aim of the paper is to show the essence of our algorithms not only for specialists working in compositions of abstract automata but also for all researchers interested in cryptosystems. Therefore, automata theoretical background of our results is not emphasized. The introduced cryptosystem is important also from a theoretical point of view, because it is the first fully functioning block cipher based on automata network.

Graffiti als Version und Subversion–Praxen kultureller Re-Regulierung und die Möglichkeit von Gratiforschung

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Dollinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Multiple Perspectives

Der Beitrag geht von Versuchen aus, integrative Perspektiven einer überaus heterogenen Graffitiforschung zu bestimmen. In Auseinandersetzung insbesondere mit Bruno Latours Ansatz des »Iconoclash« wird eine kulturtheoretische Referenz bestimmt, die Graffiti als Version identifiziert, d. h. als semiotisch orientierte Veränderung räumlich situierter Ordnungs- und Regulierungspraxen. Ihnen kann, wenn auch nicht zwingend, eine subversive Qualität zukommen. Durch die Ausrichtung am Konzept einer Version wird beansprucht, Forderungen einer normativ weitgehend abstinenten, nicht-essentialistischen und für komplexe Fragen der Identitäts- und Raumpolitik offenen Forschungspraxis einzulösen.<br><br>The contribution attempts to integrate multiple perspectives of current largely heterogeneous graffiti scholarship. Referring to Bruno Latour’s concept »iconoclash«, we discuss graffiti from a cultural-theoretical point of view as a »version«. It appears as a semiotically oriented modification of spatially situated practices that regulate social life. Often, but not necessarily, these practices involve subversive qualities. The concept of »version« facilitates a non-normative and non-essentialist strategy of research. This enables an explorative research practice in which the complex matters of identity and space politics that are associated with graffiti can be addressed.

scholarly journals How Digital Inclusion Increase Opportunities for Young People: Case of NEETs from Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7894
Author(s):  
Gabriela Neagu ◽  
Muhammet Berigel ◽  
Vladislava Lendzhova
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Virtual Mobility ◽  
Alternative Research ◽  
High Share

This paper examines the perspectives of rural NEETs in the information society. Our analysis focuses on the situation of three European countries—Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey—characterized by a high share of rural areas and a population of NEETs. From a methodological point of view, we use alternative research methods (secondary data analysis) with statistical methods (simple linear regression). From a theoretical point of view, we will opt for a multidimensional analysis perspective: the theory of digital divide, digital inclusion, virtual mobility, etc. Through data analysis, we expect to obtain a more complete and detailed picture of the ICT situation in rural areas (level of digital skills, level of digital inclusion) to demonstrate the importance of ICT in optimizing virtual mobility for the living conditions of the population, especially the NEET population.

scholarly journals Verbena officinalis Verbenaceae (Lamiales): a new plant model system for phyllotaxis research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Zagórska-Marek ◽  
Magdalena Turzańska ◽  
Klaudia Chmiel
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Lateral Organ ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Secondary Transitions

AbstractPhyllotactic diversity and developmental transitions between phyllotactic patterns are not fully understood. The plants studied so far, such as Magnolia, Torreya or Abies, are not suitable for experimental work, and the most popular model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, does not show sufficient phyllotactic variability. It has been found that in common verbena (Verbena officinalis L.), a perennial, cosmopolitan plant, phyllotaxis differs not only between growth phases in primary transitions but also along the indeterminate inflorescence axis in a series of multiple secondary transitions. The latter are no longer associated with the change in lateral organ identity, and the sequence of phyllotactic patterns is puzzling from a theoretical point of view. Data from the experiments in silico, confronted with empirical observations, suggest that secondary transitions might be triggered by the cumulative effect of fluctuations in the continuously decreasing bract primordia size. The most important finding is that the changes in the primary vascular system, associated with phyllotactic transitions, precede those taking place at the apical meristem. This raises the question of the role of the vascular system in determining primordia initiation sites, and possibly challenges the autonomy of the apex. The results of this study highlight the complex relationships between various systems that have to coordinate their growth and differentiation in the developing plant shoot. Common verbena emerges from this research as a plant that may become a new model suitable for further studies on the causes of phyllotactic transitions.

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