Thraustochytrids of Mangrove Habitats from Andaman Islands: Species Diversity, PUFA Profiles and Biotechnological Potential

Thraustochytrids are the most promising microbial source for the commercial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for its application in the human health, aquaculture, and nutraceutical sectors. The present study isolated 127 thraustochytrid strains from mangrove habitats of the south Andaman Islands, India to study their diversity, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and biotechnological potential. The predominant strains were identified as belonging to two major genera (Thraustochytrium, Aurantiochytrium) based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The strain ANVKK-06 produced the maximum biomass of 5.42 g·L−1, while ANNK-03 exhibited the maximum total lipid (71.03%). Omega-3 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) accumulated up to 11.03% in ANVKK-04, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) up to 8.65% in ANVKK-07, and DHA up to 47.19% in ANVKK-06. ANVKK-6 showed the maximum scavenging activity (84.79 ± 2.30%) while ANVKK-03 and ANVKK-10 displayed the highest antibacterial activity against human and fish pathogens, S. aureus (18.69 ± 1.2 mm) and V. parahaemolyticus (18.31 ± 1.0 mm), respectively. All strains were non-toxic as evident by negative blood agar hemolysis, thus, the thraustochytrids are suggested to be a potential source of DHA for application in the health care of human and fish.

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Microalgae for High-Value Products Towards Human Health and Nutrition

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17050304 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 304 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Ines Barkia ◽

Nazamid Saari ◽

Schonna R. Manning

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Large Scale ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Scale Growth ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Potential Source ◽

Common Problems

Microalgae represent a potential source of renewable nutrition and there is growing interest in algae-based dietary supplements in the form of whole biomass, e.g., Chlorella and Arthrospira, or purified extracts containing omega-3 fatty acids and carotenoids. The commercial production of bioactive compounds from microalgae is currently challenged by the biorefinery process. This review focuses on the biochemical composition of microalgae, the complexities of mass cultivation, as well as potential therapeutic applications. The advantages of open and closed growth systems are discussed, including common problems encountered with large-scale growth systems. Several methods are used for the purification and isolation of bioactive compounds, and many products from microalgae have shown potential as antioxidants and treatments for hypertension, among other health conditions. However, there are many unknown algal metabolites and potential impurities that could cause harm, so more research is needed to characterize strains of interest, improve overall operation, and generate safe, functional products.

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Why docosapentaenoic acid is not included in the Omega-3 Index

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids ◽

10.1016/j.plefa.2018.06.003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 135 ◽

pp. 18-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Clemens von Schacky ◽

William S. Harris

Keyword(s):

Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Omega 3

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Brown Seaweed Lipids as Potential Source of Omega-3 PUFA in Biological Systems

Handbook of Marine Macroalgae ◽

10.1002/9781119977087.ch16 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 329-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kazuo Miyashita ◽

Bhaskar Narayan ◽

Takayuki Tsukui ◽

Hiroyuki Kamogawa ◽

Masayuki Abe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Systems ◽

Brown Seaweed ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Potential Source

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Merremia umbellata ssp. orientalis (Hallier f.) Ooststr. - A New Addition to Indian Convolvulaceae from Andaman Islands, India

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2019-k0uvf9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 119-122

Author(s):

Lal Ji Singh ◽

◽

Mudavath Chennakesavulu Naik ◽

Keyword(s):

Andaman Islands ◽

The South ◽

Flora Of India ◽

South Andaman

Merremia umbellata subsp. Orientalis (Hallier f.) Ooststr. is reported as new distributional record for the flora of India from the South Andaman Islands. Updated nomenclature, brief description, phenology, distribution along with field photographs and illustrations are provided.

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Palynodiversity in the Climbers of Andaman Islands, India

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2016-7uev2b ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 125-131

Author(s):

Mudavath Naik ◽

J. Kailas ◽

H. Ramakrishna ◽

Boyina Rao

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characters ◽

Andaman Islands ◽

Andaman Island ◽

South Andaman

The present investigation deals with the study of pollen diversity of forty one climbers of forests in South Andaman Island. These 41 taxa belong to diversified families viz. Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Capparaceae, Combretaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Passifloraceae, Polygonaceae, Malvaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae and Sapindaceae. The pollen of these taxaare diversified in morphological characters viz., symmetry, shape, polarity, apertural pattern and ornamentation.

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Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Thraustochytriidae sp. SZU445 Provides Novel Insights into the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathway

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18020118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 118 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xingyu Zhu ◽

Shuangfei Li ◽

Liangxu Liu ◽

Siting Li ◽

Yanqing Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Polyketide Synthase ◽

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Gene Ontology Database ◽

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽

Fas Pathway ◽

Acid Pathway

Thraustochytriidae sp. have broadly gained attention as a prospective resource for the production of omega-3 fatty acids production in significant quantities. In this study, the whole genome of Thraustochytriidae sp. SZU445, which produces high levels of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), was sequenced and subjected to protein annotation. The obtained clean reads (63.55 Mb in total) were assembled into 54 contigs and 25 scaffolds, with maximum and minimum lengths of 400 and 0.0054 Mb, respectively. A total of 3513 genes (24.84%) were identified, which could be classified into six pathways and 44 pathway groups, of which 68 genes (1.93%) were involved in lipid metabolism. In the Gene Ontology database, 22,436 genes were annotated as cellular component (8579 genes, 38.24%), molecular function (5236 genes, 23.34%), and biological process (8621 genes, 38.42%). Four enzymes corresponding to the classic fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway and three enzymes corresponding to the classic polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway were identified in Thraustochytriidae sp. SZU445. Although PKS pathway-associated dehydratase and isomerase enzymes were not detected in Thraustochytriidae sp. SZU445, a putative DHA- and DPA-specific fatty acid pathway was identified.

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A Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP 1335 for a Systems-Level Understanding of Its Metabolism and Biotechnological Potential

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8091396 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1396

Author(s):

Ahmad Ahmad ◽

Archana Tiwari ◽

Shireesh Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fixation ◽

Electron Flow ◽

Single Gene ◽

Metabolic Model ◽

Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽

Marine Diatom ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Biotechnological Potential ◽

A Genome ◽

Genome Scale

Thalassiosira pseudonana is a transformable and biotechnologically promising model diatom with an ability to synthesise nutraceuticals such as fucoxanthin and store a significant amount of polyglucans and lipids including omega-3 fatty acids. While it was the first diatom to be sequenced, a systems-level analysis of its metabolism has not been done yet. This work presents first comprehensive, compartmentalized, and functional genome-scale metabolic model of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP 1335, which we have termed iThaps987. The model includes 987 genes, 2477 reactions, and 2456 metabolites. Comparison with the model of another diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum revealed presence of 183 unique enzymes (belonging primarily to amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism) in iThaps987. Model simulations showed a typical C3-type photosynthetic carbon fixation and suggested a preference of violaxanthin–diadinoxanthin pathway over violaxanthin–neoxanthin pathway for the production of fucoxanthin. Linear electron flow was found be active and cyclic electron flow was inactive under normal phototrophic conditions (unlike green algae and plants), validating the model predictions with previous reports. Investigation of the model for the potential of Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP 1335 to produce other industrially useful compounds suggest iso-butanol as a foreign compound that can be synthesized by a single-gene addition. This work provides novel insights about the metabolism and potential of the organism and will be helpful to further investigate its metabolism and devise metabolic engineering strategies for the production of various compounds.

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ω-3 and ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Obesity and Cancer

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092751 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2751

Author(s):

Stefania D’Angelo ◽

Maria Letizia Motti ◽

Rosaria Meccariello

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Lipid Mediators ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽

Potential Health ◽

Energy Sensing ◽

Obesity And Cancer

Recently, nutraceutical bioactive compounds in foods have been discovered for their potential health benefits regarding the prevention of chronic disorders, such as cancer, and inflammatory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs), including alpha-linolenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid, are mostly attractive. They are available for the customers worldwide from commonly used foods and/or as components of commercial food supplements. The anti-inflammatory and hypotriglyceridemic effects of these fatty acids are well known, whereas pro-inflammatory properties have been recognized in their dietary counterparts, the ω-6PUFAs. Both ω-3 and ω-6PUFAs contribute to the production of lipid mediators such as endocannabinoids that are notably involved in control of food intake, energy sensing, and food–related disorders. In this review, we present ω-3 and ω-6PUFAs and their derivatives, endocannabinoids; discuss the anti-obesity effects of ω-3PUFAs; their roles in inflammation and colorectal cancer development; and how their action can be co-preventative and co-therapeutic.

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Dietary α-linolenic acid from flaxseed oil improved folliculogenesis and IVF performance in dairy cows, similar to eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids from fish oil

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-13-0244 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 146 (6) ◽

pp. 603-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

U Moallem ◽

A Shafran ◽

M Zachut ◽

I Dekel ◽

Y Portnick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Post Partum ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Flaxseed Oil ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Cleavage Rate

The objectives of this study were to determine the differential incorporation of various omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs) supplemented to dairy cows into ovarian compartments and assess the effects on IVF. Forty-two 256-day pregnant cows were supplemented with encapsulated fats, in treatments designated as i) SFA – saturated fat at 240 and 560 g/day per cow, prepartum and post partum (PP) respectively; ii) FLX – flaxseed oil at 300 and 700 g/day per cow prepartum and PP respectively; and iii) FO – fish oil at 300 and 700 g/day per cow prepartum and PP respectively. Commencing at 60 days in lactation, ovum pickup (OPU) was performed twice weekly (20 sessions; five cows per group) and in vitro maturation and IVF were conducted. The proportion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) was greater in follicular fluid (FF), granulosa cells, and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) of FLX cows than in other groups (P<0.001). The proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was 6.7 times as great in FF of FO as in other groups (P<0.001); docosapentaenoic acid n-3 and DHA were detected in COCs of FO but not in others. The follicle number during OPU was higher in FLX and FO than in SFA (P<0.05), and the oocyte cleavage rate was higher in FLX and FO than in SFA (P<0.01). Also, the percentage of oocytes that developed to blastocysts tended to be higher in both n-3 groups than in SFA (P<0.1). In conclusion, both dietary n-3 FAs similarly improved folliculogenesis and IVF performance; therefore, ALA-rich botanical n-3 seems to be a satisfactory approach to improve oocyte quality.

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