scholarly journals May Autogenous Grafts Increase the Effectiveness of Hyalonect Membranes in Intraosseous Defects: An Experimental In Vivo Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Caner Yilmaz ◽  
Selim Ersanli ◽  
Murat Karabagli ◽  
Vakur Olgac ◽  
Nilufer Bolukbasi Balcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Autogenous Grafts

Background and Objectives: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) surgeries are used for dental implant placements with insufficient bone volume. Biomaterials used in GBR are expected to produce sufficient volume and quality of bone swiftly. This study aims to histologically evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Hyalonect membranes alone or with autogenous grafts in intraosseous defects. Materials and Methods: This study is an experimental study on sheep. Surgeries were performed under general anesthesia in accordance with ethical rules. Five 10 mm defects were surgically created in each ilium of six sheep. One defect was left empty in each ilium (group ED). The defects in the experimental group were covered with Hyalonect membrane while unfilled (group HY) or after being filled with autogenous bone grafts (ABG) (group G+HY). In the control group, the defects were either covered with collagen membrane while unfilled (group CM) or after being filled with the ABG group (G+CM). The sheep were histologically and histomorphometrically evaluated after being postoperatively sacrificed in the third and sixth week (three animals in each interval). Results: All animals completed the study without any complications. No difference was found between groups in the third and sixth weeks regarding the inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis scores. The G+CM (52.83 ± 3.06) group was observed to have a significantly higher new bone formation rate than all the other groups in the third week, followed by the G+HY group (46.33 ± 2.25). Similar values were found for HY and CM groups (35.67 ± 4.55 ve 40.00 ± 3.41, respectively, p = 0.185), while the lowest values were observed to be in group ED (19.67 ± 2.73). The highest new bone formation was observed in group G+CM (82.33 ± 4.08) in the sixth week. There was no difference in new bone formation rates between groups G+CM, G+HY (77.17 ± 3.49, p = 0.206), and CM (76.50 ± 2.43, p = 0.118). The insignificant difference was found ED group and group HY (55.83 ± 4.92, 73.50 ± 3.27, respectively, p = 0.09). The residual graft amount in the G+CM group was found to be statistically significant at 3 weeks (p = 0.0001), compared to the G+HY group, and insignificantly higher at the 6th week (p = 0.4). Conclusions: In this study, close values were observed between G+HY and G+CM groups. Further experimental and clinical studies with different graft materials are required to evaluate the effectiveness of HY in GBR.

Dietary Calcium Supplementation Suppresses Bone Formation in Magnesium-Deficient Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuzaki ◽  
Misao Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Mineral Apposition Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) supplementation on bone metabolism of magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats. Male Wistar rats were randomized by weight into three groups, and fed a control diet (control group), a Mg-deficient diet (Mg- group) or a Mg-deficient diet having twice the control Ca concentrations (Mg-2Ca group) for 14 days. Trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Trabecular number was also significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Mineralizing bone surface, mineral apposition rate (MAR), and surface referent bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Furthermore, MAR and BFR/BS were significantly lower in the Mg-2Ca group than in the Mg - group. These results suggest that dietary Ca supplementation suppresses bone formation in Mg-deficient rats.

IGF-binding protein-5 stimulates osteoblast activity and bone accretion in ovariectomized mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (2) ◽  
pp. E283-E288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Andress
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Osteoblast Activity

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is an osteoblast secretory protein that becomes incorporated into the mineralized bone matrix. In osteoblast cultures, IGFBP-5 stimulates cell proliferation by an IGF-independent mechanism. To evaluate whether IGFBP-5 can stimulate osteoblast activity and enhance bone accretion in a mouse model of osteoblast insufficiency, daily subcutaneous injections of either intact [IGFBP-5 (intact)] or carboxy-truncated IGFBP-5 [IGFBP-5-(1–169)] were given to ovariectomized (OVX) mice for 8 wk. Femur and spine bone mineral density (BMD), measured every 2 wk, showed early and sustained increases in response to IGFBP-5. Bone histomorphometry of cancellous bone showed significant elevations in the bone formation rate in both the femur metaphysis [IGFBP-5- (1)] only) and spine compared with OVX controls. IGFBP-5 also stimulated osteoblast number in the femur IGFBP-5-(1–169) only) and spine. These data indicate that IGFBP-5 effectively enhances bone formation and bone accretion in OVX mice by stimulating osteoblast activity. The finding that IGFBP-5-(1–169) is bioactive in vivo indicates that the carboxy-terminal portion is not required for this bone anabolic effect.

scholarly journals Histological Comparison of New Bone Formation Using Amnion Membrane Graft Versus Resorbable Collagen Membrane: An Animal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Koushaei ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Samandari ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Razavi ◽  
Ahad Khoshzaban ◽  
Shahriar Adibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Histomorphometric Study ◽  
Collagen Group ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Amnion Membrane

The purpose of this article was to evaluate the bone induction effects of an amnion membrane–protected graft compared with a collagen membrane–protected graft in the repair of tibial bony defects in dogs. This study was performed using the tibial bone of dogs. After the removal of periosteum, similar holes were made with a 16-mm trephine drill (38 holes in total). For the study group, 10 holes were covered by absorbable collagen and 16 holes by amniotic membrane. In the control group, 12 holes were made and covered by the overlying soft tissue. Tibial bones were exposed after 6 and 12 weeks, and the samples were harvested and histologically processed. New bone formation was evaluated by histomorphometric study. Four Iranian mixed dogs older than 1.5 years were included in this study. The new bone formation was less in the control group when compared with the collagen group (P = .863). The collagen group showed less bone formation than the amnion group (P = .194), but this difference was not significant. However, bone formation in the amnion group was significantly more than in the control group (P = .050). Using the amniotic membrane appears to accelerate bone formation in guided bone regeneration. However, further studies should investigate its clinical impact on bone healing.

1,25(OH)2D3 acts as a bone-forming agent in the hormone-independent senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM-P/6)

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (4) ◽  
pp. E723-E730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Duque ◽  
Michael Macoritto ◽  
Natalie Dion ◽  
Louis-Georges Ste-Marie ◽  
Richard Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Senile Osteoporosis ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Bone Formation Markers

Recent studies suggest that vitamin D signaling regulates bone formation. However, the overall effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on bone turnover in vivo is still unclear. In this study, our aim was to examine the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone turnover in SAM-P/6, a hormone-independent mouse model of senile osteoporosis characterized by a decrease in bone formation. Male and female 4-mo-old SAM-P/6 mice were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 (18 pmol/24 h) or vehicle for a period of 6 wk, and a group of age- and sex-matched nonosteoporotic animals was used as control. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine increased rapidly by >30 ± 5% ( P < 0.001) in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated SAM-P/6 animals, whereas BMD decreased significantly by 18 ± 2% ( P < 0.01) in vehicle-treated SAM-P/6 animals and remained stable in control animals during the same period. Static and dynamic bone histomorphometry indicated that 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased bone volume and other parameters of bone quality as well as subperiosteal bone formation rate compared with vehicle-treated SAM-P/6 mice. However, no effect on trabecular bone formation was observed. This was accompanied by a marked decrease in the number of osteoclasts and eroded surfaces. A significant increase in circulating bone formation markers and a decrease in bone resorption markers was also observed. Finally, bone marrow cells, obtained from 1,25(OH)2D3-treated animals and cultured in the absence of 1,25(OH)2D3, differentiated more intensely into osteoblasts compared with those derived from vehicle-treated mice cultured in the same conditions. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D3 acts simultaneously on bone formation and resorption to prevent the development of senile osteoporosis.

The anabolic effect of 17β-oestradiol on the trabecular bone of adult rats is suppressed by indomethacin

1992 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. M. Chow ◽  
J. M. Lean ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
T. J. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mineral Apposition Rate ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Bone Formation Rate

ABSTRACT We have previously demonstrated that administration of oestrogen, at doses sufficient to raise serum concentrations to those seen in late pregnancy, increases trabecular bone formation in the metaphysis of adult rats. To determine whether prostaglandins (PGs), which have been shown to induce osteogenesis in vivo, play a role in the induction of bone formation by oestrogen, 13-week-old female rats were given daily doses of 4 mg 17β-oestradiol (OE2)/kg for 17 days, alone or with indomethacin (1 mg/kg). The rats were also given double fluorochrome labels and at the end of the experiment tibias were subjected to histomorphometric assessment. Treatment with OE2 suppressed longitudinal bone growth and increased uterine wet weight, as expected, and neither response was affected by indomethacin. Oestrogen also induced a threefold increase in trabecular bone formation in the proximal tibial metaphysis, which resulted in a substantial increase in trabecular bone volume. As previously observed, the increase in bone formation was predominantly due to an increase in osteoblast recruitment (as judged by an increase in the percentage of bone surface showing double fluorochrome labels), with only a minor increase in the activity of mature osteoblasts (as judged by the mineral apposition rate). Indomethacin abolished the increase in osteoblastic recruitment, but the activity of mature osteoblastic cells remained high. The bone formation rate and bone volume remained similar to controls. The results suggest that PG production may be necessary for the increased osteoblastic recruitment induced by oestrogen, but not to mediate the effects of oestrogen on the activity of mature osteoblasts. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 133, 189–195

scholarly journals CD13 is a Critical Regulator of Cell-cell Fusion in Osteoclastogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallika Ghosh ◽  
Ivo Kalajzic ◽  
Hector Leonardo Aguila ◽  
Linda H Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractIn vertebrates, bone formation is dynamically controlled by the activity of two specialized cell types: the bone-generating osteoblasts and bone-degrading osteoclasts. Osteoblasts produce the soluble receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) that binds to its receptor RANK on the surface of osteoclast precursor cells to promote osteoclastogenesis, a process that involves cell-cell fusion and assembly of molecular machinery to ultimately degrade the bone. CD13 is a transmembrane aminopeptidase that is highly expressed in cells of myeloid lineage has been shown to regulate dynamin-dependent receptor endocytosis and recycling and is a necessary component of actin cytoskeletal organization. In the present study, we show that CD13-deficient mice display a normal distribution of osteoclast progenitor populations in the bone marrow, but present a low bone density phenotype. Further, the endosteal bone formation rate is similar between genotypes, indicating a defect in osteoclast-specific function in vivo. Loss of CD13 led to exaggerated in vitro osteoclastogenesis as indicated by significantly enhanced fusion of bone marrow-derived multinucleated osteoclasts in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL, resulting in abnormally large cells with remarkably high numbers of nuclei with a concomitant increase in bone resorption activity. Similarly, we also observed increased formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGC) in CD13KO bone marrow progenitor cells stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13, suggesting that CD13 may regulate cell-cell fusion events via a common pathway, independent of RANKL signaling. Mechanistically, while expression levels of the fusion-regulatory proteins dynamin and DC-STAMP are normally downregulated as fusion progresses in fusion-competent mononucleated progenitor cells, in the absence of CD13 they are uniformly sustained at high levels, even in mature multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Taken together, we conclude that CD13 may regulate cell-cell fusion by controlling expression and localization of key fusion proteins that are critical for both osteoclast and MGC fusion.

scholarly journals Histological and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of a New Implant Macrogeometry. A Sheep Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Alexandre Gehrke ◽  
Margherita Tumedei ◽  
Jaime Aramburú Júnior ◽  
Tiago Luis Eirles Treichel ◽  
Roni Kolerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Conventional Design ◽  
Random Fashion ◽  
Apical Direction

Decompression or healing chambers between the threads have been proposed to improve and accelerate the osseointegration process of dental implants. The aim of the present work was to test, in an in vivo sheep study, if healing chambers between the threads could produce a better osseointegration process. Thirty titanium implants (15 conventional design (control) and 15 implants with healing chambers (test)) were inserted in a random fashion in the tibia of 3 sheep. The animals were euthanized after 30 days of healing, and the retrieved specimens treated to obtain thin ground sections. Histological observations showed that the quantity of newly formed bone growing in an apical direction was lower in the control group (1095 µm) when compared to the Test group (1658 µm). This difference was statistically significant. Moreover, a layer of osteogenic matrix was present around the portion of implants immersed in the marrow spaces. This osteogenic tissue was thicker in the test group. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the very good results in implants with healing chambers that presented a higher percentage of new bone formation.

scholarly journals Combinatorial morphogenetic and mechanical cues to mimic bone development for defect repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaax2476 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Herberg ◽  
A. M. McDermott ◽  
P. N. Dang ◽  
D. S. Alt ◽  
R. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Tgf Β1

Endochondral ossification during long bone development and natural fracture healing initiates by mesenchymal cell condensation, directed by local morphogen signals and mechanical cues. Here, we aimed to mimic development for regeneration of large bone defects. We hypothesized that engineered human mesenchymal condensations presenting transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) and/or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) from encapsulated microparticles promotes endochondral defect regeneration contingent on in vivo mechanical cues. Mesenchymal condensations induced bone formation dependent on morphogen presentation, with BMP-2 + TGF-β1 fully restoring mechanical function. Delayed in vivo ambulatory loading significantly enhanced the bone formation rate in the dual morphogen group. In vitro, BMP-2 or BMP-2 + TGF-β1 initiated robust endochondral lineage commitment. In vivo, however, extensive cartilage formation was evident predominantly in the BMP-2 + TGF-β1 group, enhanced by mechanical loading. Together, this study demonstrates a biomimetic template for recapitulating developmental morphogenic and mechanical cues in vivo for tissue engineering.

Effect of water glass coating of tricalcium phosphate granules on in vivo bone formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-672
Author(s):  
Seung Min Ryu ◽  
Myun Whan Ahn ◽  
Chul Hyun Park ◽  
Gun Woo Lee ◽  
In Hwan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background Recently, some authors introduced a water glass (WG, sodium-silicate glass; Na2O·SiO2·nH2O) coating over tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramic to modulate its resorption rate and enhance the bone cell behaviors. In this study, four different types of granular samples were prepared to evaluate the ability of new bone formation in vivo using micro-computed tomography and histology. Methods Four types sample groups: group A (pure HA as a negative resorption control); group B (pure TCP as a positive resorption control); group C (WG-coated TCP as an early resorption model); and group D (same as group C but heat-treated at 500°C as a delayed resorption model). Cylindrical tube-type carriers with holes were fabricated with HA by extrusion and sintering. Each carrier was filled densely with each granular sample. Four types of tubes were implanted into the medial femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle of New Zealand White rabbits. Results The HA group (A) showed the lowest amount of new bone formation. All the TCP sample groups (B, C, and D) showed more new bone formation. On the other hand, among the TCP groups, group C (early resorption model) showed slightly more bone formation. The amount of residual bioceramics was most abundant in the HA group (A). All the TCP sample groups showed less residual bioceramics than group A. Among the TCP groups, group C showed slightly more residual bioceramics. Group B showed the lowest amount of residual bioceramics. Conclusions The WG-coated TCP sample (group C) is the best bone substitute candidate because of its proper biodegradation rate and the Si ions release because the WG-coated layer reduces the material resorption and enhances the new bone formation. That is, the WG-coated TCP is believed to be the best material for the application of an artificial bone substitute material.

scholarly journals Effect of Bio-Oss® Collagen and Collagen Matrix on Bone Formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W.K Wong ◽  
A.B.M Rabie
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
New Bone Formation

Objective: to compare the amount of new bone produced by Bio-Oss® Collagen to that produced by collagen matrix in vivo. Method: eighteen bone defects, 5mm by 10mm were created in the parietal bone of 9 New Zealand White rabbits. 6 defects were grafted with Bio-Oss® Collagen. 6 defects were grafted with collagen matrix alone (positive control) and 6 were left empty (negative control). Animals were killed on day 14 and the defects were dissected and prepared for histological assessment. Quantitative analysis of new bone formation was made on 100 sections (50 sections for each group) using image analysis. Results: A total of 339% more new bone was present in defects grafted with Bio-Oss® Collagen than those grafted with collagen matrix (positive control). No bone was formed in the negative control group. Conclusion: Bio-Oss® Collagen has the effect of stimulating new bone formation locally compared with collagen matrix in vivo. Bio-Oss® Collagen may be utilized as a bone graft material.

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