Histological Comparison of New Bone Formation Using Amnion Membrane Graft Versus Resorbable Collagen Membrane: An Animal Study

The purpose of this article was to evaluate the bone induction effects of an amnion membrane–protected graft compared with a collagen membrane–protected graft in the repair of tibial bony defects in dogs. This study was performed using the tibial bone of dogs. After the removal of periosteum, similar holes were made with a 16-mm trephine drill (38 holes in total). For the study group, 10 holes were covered by absorbable collagen and 16 holes by amniotic membrane. In the control group, 12 holes were made and covered by the overlying soft tissue. Tibial bones were exposed after 6 and 12 weeks, and the samples were harvested and histologically processed. New bone formation was evaluated by histomorphometric study. Four Iranian mixed dogs older than 1.5 years were included in this study. The new bone formation was less in the control group when compared with the collagen group (P = .863). The collagen group showed less bone formation than the amnion group (P = .194), but this difference was not significant. However, bone formation in the amnion group was significantly more than in the control group (P = .050). Using the amniotic membrane appears to accelerate bone formation in guided bone regeneration. However, further studies should investigate its clinical impact on bone healing.

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Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Associated with Xenograft in Critical Bone Defects: Histomorphometric Study in Rabbits

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym11101293 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1293

Author(s):

Paulo Wilson Maia ◽

Marcelo Lucchesi Teixeira ◽

Luís Guilherme Scavone de Macedo ◽

Antonio Carlos Aloise ◽

Celio Amaral Passos Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Healing Process ◽

Test Group ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Collagen Membrane ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Histomorphometric Study ◽

Significant Difference

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous material used to improve bone regeneration when associated with bone grafts. It affects tissue angiogenesis, increasing the healing process and, theoretically, presenting potential to increase bone neoformation. The aim of this study was to verify, histomorphometrically, the effects of the association of PRF to a xenograft. Twelve adult white New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups containing six animals each. After general anesthesia of the animals, two critical defects of 12 mm were created in the rabbit calvaria, one on each side of the sagittal line. Each defect was filled with the following biomaterials: in the control group (CG), xenograft hydrated with saline solution filling one defect and xenograft hydrated with saline solution covered with collagen membrane on the other side; in the test group (TG), xenograft associated with PRF filling the defect of one side and xenograft associated with PRF covered with collagen membrane on the other side. After eight weeks the animals were euthanized and a histomorphometric analysis was performed. The results showed that in the sites that were covered with collagen membrane, there was no statistically significant difference for all the analyzed parameters. However, when comparing the groups without membrane coverage, a statistically significant difference could be observed for the vital mineralized tissue (VMT) and nonmineralized tissue (NMT) parameters, with more VMT in the test group and more NMT in the control group. Regarding the intragroup comparison, the use of the membrane coverage presented significant outcomes in both groups. Therefore, in this experimental model, PRF did not affect the levels of bone formation when a membrane coverage technique was used. However, higher levels of bone formation were observed in the test group when membrane coverage was not used.

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May Autogenous Grafts Increase the Effectiveness of Hyalonect Membranes in Intraosseous Defects: An Experimental In Vivo Study

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57050430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 430

Author(s):

Caner Yilmaz ◽

Selim Ersanli ◽

Murat Karabagli ◽

Vakur Olgac ◽

Nilufer Bolukbasi Balcioglu

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Formation Rate ◽

Autogenous Bone ◽

Control Group ◽

Collagen Membrane ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Bone Formation Rate ◽

The Third ◽

Autogenous Grafts

Background and Objectives: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) surgeries are used for dental implant placements with insufficient bone volume. Biomaterials used in GBR are expected to produce sufficient volume and quality of bone swiftly. This study aims to histologically evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Hyalonect membranes alone or with autogenous grafts in intraosseous defects. Materials and Methods: This study is an experimental study on sheep. Surgeries were performed under general anesthesia in accordance with ethical rules. Five 10 mm defects were surgically created in each ilium of six sheep. One defect was left empty in each ilium (group ED). The defects in the experimental group were covered with Hyalonect membrane while unfilled (group HY) or after being filled with autogenous bone grafts (ABG) (group G+HY). In the control group, the defects were either covered with collagen membrane while unfilled (group CM) or after being filled with the ABG group (G+CM). The sheep were histologically and histomorphometrically evaluated after being postoperatively sacrificed in the third and sixth week (three animals in each interval). Results: All animals completed the study without any complications. No difference was found between groups in the third and sixth weeks regarding the inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis scores. The G+CM (52.83 ± 3.06) group was observed to have a significantly higher new bone formation rate than all the other groups in the third week, followed by the G+HY group (46.33 ± 2.25). Similar values were found for HY and CM groups (35.67 ± 4.55 ve 40.00 ± 3.41, respectively, p = 0.185), while the lowest values were observed to be in group ED (19.67 ± 2.73). The highest new bone formation was observed in group G+CM (82.33 ± 4.08) in the sixth week. There was no difference in new bone formation rates between groups G+CM, G+HY (77.17 ± 3.49, p = 0.206), and CM (76.50 ± 2.43, p = 0.118). The insignificant difference was found ED group and group HY (55.83 ± 4.92, 73.50 ± 3.27, respectively, p = 0.09). The residual graft amount in the G+CM group was found to be statistically significant at 3 weeks (p = 0.0001), compared to the G+HY group, and insignificantly higher at the 6th week (p = 0.4). Conclusions: In this study, close values were observed between G+HY and G+CM groups. Further experimental and clinical studies with different graft materials are required to evaluate the effectiveness of HY in GBR.

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Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Using Ceramic Alloplastic Granules or Paste: An Experimental Study in Rabbits

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9060065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Michael Medeiros Costa ◽

Daniele Botticelli ◽

Ofer Moses ◽

Yuki Omori ◽

Shigeo Fujiwara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Collagen Membrane ◽

Alloplastic Material ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Sinus Augmentation ◽

Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Sinus Lifting ◽

Points Of View

Background: Due to the lack of data comparing the biological behavior of two formulations, granules and paste, of alloplastic graft from microtomographic and histomorphometric points of view, the aim of the present experiment was to compare the histomorphometric and microtomographic healing of two formulations, i.e., granules (MR sites) or paste (MR-inject sites) of an alloplastic graft composed of a combination of beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite used for maxillary sinus lifting. Methods: A sinus lifting procedure was carried out bilaterally in 20 rabbits, and the elevated space was filled with either paste or granules of an alloplastic material. A collagen membrane was placed on the antrostomy and the animals were euthanized after 2 or 10 weeks, 10 animals each group. Microtomographic and histological analyses were performed. Results: Higher proportions of new bone formation were found at the MR, compared to the MR-inject sites both after 2 weeks (2.65 ± 2.89% vs. 0.08 ± 0.12%; p < 0.01) and 10 weeks of healing (34.20 ± 13.86 vs. 23.28 ± 10.35%; p = 0.022). Conclusions: It was concluded that new bone formation was faster in the MR sites, compared to the MR-inject. However, a longer time of healing should be allowed to make final conclusions about the efficiency in bone formation of the paste formulation of the biomaterial used in the present study.

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Histopathological assessment of healing process using an amniotic membrane in osteotomy defects caused by piezosurgery and conventional surgery in rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-110320/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Semsettin Ilker ◽

Alper Ilker ◽

Efe Sivrikaya

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Amniotic Membrane ◽

Healing Process ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Conventional Surgery ◽

Surgical Methods ◽

Healing Score ◽

Building Level

Abstract There is a paucity of studies aimed to compare the healing process of piezosurgery with conventional surgery. This study evaluated the histopathological assessment of healing process in osteotomy defects caused by these surgical methods in rats using an amniotic membrane (hAM). In this randomized controlled experimental study, there were 2 main groups: group 1 (Piezosurgery method-right tibia) and group 2 (Conventional surgery method-left tibia) and subgroups determined by the sacrification periods on the 7th (n = 20) and 21st days (n = 20). hAM was used in all groups. The primary outcome variable was new bone formation, while inflammation, necrosis, fibrotic tissue formation in the defective zone were secondary outcomes. 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were used. The 7th day fibrosis levels and the 7th new bone-building level of the group who underwent piezosurgery were found to be significantly higher than those of the group undergoing conventional surgery (p < 0.05) and the 21st new bone-building level was significantly lower than conventional surgery. In all rats, on the 21st day, there were statistically significant decreases in inflammation, fibrosis, and increases in the healing score (p < 0.05). Also, there was no statistically difference in new bone formation between 7st and 21st days (p > 0.05). The choice of conventional surgery when applying with hAM increases the new bone building in the late period.

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Evaluation of the Bone Regeneration Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 on Subperiosteal Bone Graft in the Rat Calvarial Model

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12101613 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1613

Author(s):

Eunhye Jang ◽

Ja-Youn Lee ◽

Eun-Young Lee ◽

Hyun Seok

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Human Bone ◽

Control Group ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Regeneration Effect ◽

Recombinant Human Bone

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on a subperiosteal bone graft in a rat model. A subperiosteal space was made on the rat calvarium, and anorganic bovine bone (ABB), ABB/low bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) (5 µg), and ABB/high BMP (50 µg) were grafted as subperiosteal bone grafts. The new bone formation parameters of bone volume (BV), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular thickness (TbTh), and trabecular spacing (TbSp) were evaluated by microcomputed tomography (µ-CT), and a histomorphometric analysis was performed to evaluate the new bone formation area. The expression of osteogenic markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The ABB/high BMP group showed significantly higher BV than the ABB/low BMP (p = 0.004) and control groups (p = 0.000) and higher TbTh than the control group (p = 0.000). The ABB/low BMP group showed significantly higher BV, BMD, and TbTh than the control group (p = 0.002, 0.042, and 0.000, respectively). The histomorphometry showed significantly higher bone formation in the ABB/low and high BMP groups than in the control group (p = 0.000). IHC showed a high expression of BSP and osteocalcin in the ABB/low and high BMP groups. Subperiosteal bone grafts with ABB and rhBMP-2 have not been studied. In our study, we confirmed that rhBMP-2 contributes to new bone formation in a subperiosteal bone graft with ABB.

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Collagenated Synthetic Bone Substitute Material for Sinus Floor Elevation at Sites with a Perforated Schneiderian Membrane

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9113764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 3764

Author(s):

Sangyup Kim ◽

Jong-Hyuk Chung ◽

Seung-Yun Shin ◽

Seung-Il Shin ◽

Ji-Youn Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Dimensional Stability ◽

Bone Substitute ◽

Control Group ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Bone Substitute Material ◽

Sinus Floor Elevation ◽

Schneiderian Membrane ◽

Sinus Floor ◽

Substitute Material

Schneiderian membrane perforation (SMP) is the most common complication during sinus floor elevation (SFE). Conventional methods to repair SMP, such as using a collagen barrier, may be clinically demanding. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of collagenated bone substitute materials with and without a collagen barrier to repair SMP during SFE in terms of new bone formation and dimensional stability. In 12 rabbits, intentional SMP was made during bilateral SFE. The rabbits were randomly assigned under two groups: the control group, in which the sinus was repaired with a collagen barrier, and the test group, in which the sinus was repaired without a collagen barrier. Collagenated bone substitute material was grafted in both groups. Healing periods of 2 weeks and 4 weeks were provided in both groups. There were no adverse clinical events. Histology revealed that the Schneiderian membrane had atrophied with loss of cilia and serous glands in both groups at 4 weeks. Histomorphometry revealed that the newly formed bone (test: 0.42 ± 0.17 mm2, control: 0.36 ± 0.18 mm2 at 2 weeks; test: 1.21 ± 0.36 mm2, control: 1.23 ± 0.55 mm2 at 4 weeks) or total augmented area did not significantly differ between the two groups at either time points (p > 0.05). In conclusion, collagenated bone substitute material without a collagen barrier demonstrated similar new bone formation and dimensional stability as that with a collagen barrier in repairing SMP.

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Influence of Homemade and Commercial Fibrin Sealant on Alveolar Bone Healing - an Experimental Study.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.4110.4110 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 4110-4110

Author(s):

Maria Elvira P. Correa ◽

Oslei P. Almeida ◽

Danyel Peres ◽

Marcelo C. Alves ◽

Fernando F. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Fibrin Sealant ◽

Factor Xiii ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Healing Process ◽

Control Group ◽

Image Analysis System ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Fibrin Sealants

Abstract The beneficial aspects of fibrin sealants for soft tissues are well documented, but studies of their direct influence on bone healing and their effectiveness in augmenting bone graft healing have produced conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fibrin sealants (FS) in the alveolar bone healing process during a period of up to 28 days. Seventy-five Wistar rats were submitted to a superior incisor extraction after intramuscular anesthesia (kentamine chloridrate 10% – 10mg/kg and tiazina chloridrate-5mg/kg). The rats were divided into tree different groups and the sealants were introduced into the alveolar bone. The first group (25) received human homemade fibrin glue, the second group (25) FS associated to factor XIII and aprotinin (Beriplast; Aventis-Beringher) and the third group (25) was the control. Animals were sacrificed by prolonged diethyl inhalation on days 7, 14 and 28 after surgery. Animal craniums were dissected and submitted to a decalcification, and preparated for H&E light microscopy. The morphometric study was performed by means of an interactive computerized image analysis system KS400 (Zeiss, Jena). New bone formation was carefully delimited in four different alveolar regions (apical, two middle areas and cervical) of each specimen. The data were statistically analyzed using multiple regression, ANOVA and Tukey test. Results showed that the amount of alveolar bone formation (μm) in the control group and commercial sealant was statistically similar. However, alveolus receiving homemade sealant presented less amount of new bone formation comparing to commercial sealant and control group (p=0.0034) (figure 1). The present study demonstrated that homemade fibrin sealant delays osteogenic formation. Commercial sealant did not improve alveolar repair however, the amount of new bone formation was slightly higher comparing to the control, probably due to the factor XIII present in this sealant. Figure Figure

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BAG S53P4 putty as bone graft substitute – a rabbit model

Biomedical glasses ◽

10.1515/bglass-2017-0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ilkka Saarenpää ◽

Patricia Stoor ◽

Janek Frantzén

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Proximal Tibia ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Bone Graft Substitute ◽

Control Group ◽

The Novel ◽

Bone Augmentation ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

New Zealand White Rabbits

AbstractBioactive glass (BAG) S53P4 granules represent a bone augmentation biomaterial for the surgical treatment of bony defects, even in challenging conditions such as osteomyelitis. The aim of this eight-week rabbit implantation study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and bone regeneration performance of a BAG S53P4 putty formulation following its implantation into the proximal tibia bone of twenty-eight New Zealand white rabbits. BAG S53P4 putty was compared to BAG S53P4 granules (0.5-0.8 mm) to evaluate whether the synthetic putty binder influences the bone regeneration of the osteostimulative granules. The putty formulation facilitates clinical use because of its mouldability, injectability and ease of mixing with autograft. Implantation of putty and granules into proximal tibia defects resulted in good osseointegration of the two groups. Both biomaterials were biocompatible, showed high new bone formation, high vascularization and periosteal growth. No signs of disturbed bone formation were observed due to the PEG-glycerol binder in the BAG S53P4 putty. Instead, intramedullary ossification and stromal cell reaction were more advanced in the putty group compared to the control group (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001). In conclusion, the novel mouldable BAG S53P4 putty showed reliable bone regeneration in bony defects without adverse tissue or cell reactions.

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Porous Titanium Membranes Combined with Various Graft Materials Induce Exophytic Bone Formation in Rabbit Calvaria

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.427 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 309-311 ◽

pp. 427-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Y. Kim ◽

Y.H. Kown ◽

J.B. Park ◽

J.H. Chung ◽

H.N. Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Porous Titanium ◽

Control Group ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

Graft Material ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Custom Made ◽

Human Cancellous Bone

The purpose of this study was to examine if the application of custom-made porous titanium membranes combined with bone graft materials promotes exophytic bone formation in rabbit calvaria. For this purpose, round decorticated calvaria sites were created using a round carbide bur. In the control group, rectangular parallelepiped-shaped porous titanium membranes (RPTMs) were placed on the decorticated sites and fixed with metal pins. In the experimental groups, RPTMs were filled with one of the following bone graft materials prior to fixing with metal pins: bovine bone mineral (BBM), demineralized freeze-dried human cortical bone (DFDB) or freeze-dried human cancellous bone (FDB). Animals were sacrificed at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery, and new bone formation was assessed by histomorphometric as well as statistical analysis. The results indicate that at 8 and 12 weeks, all the experimental groups demonstrated exophytic bone formation. At 12 weeks, DFDB group revealed the most new bone formation (p<0.05) and resorption of grafted materials (p<0.05). On the basis of these findings, we conclude that RPTMs may be used as an augmentation membrane for guided bone regeneration and DFDB as an effective bone-inducing graft material.

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Horizontal Augmentation of Chronic Mandibular Defects by the Guided Bone Regeneration Approach: A Randomized Study in Dogs

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma15010238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

Anton Friedmann ◽

Stefan Fickl ◽

Kai R. Fischer ◽

Milad Dalloul ◽

Werner Goetz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Collagen Membrane ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

Native Bone ◽

Pin Fixation ◽

Group B

Various biomaterial combinations have been studied focusing on their ability to stabilize blood clots and maintain space under soft tissue to support new bone formation. A popular combination is Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) placed with a native collagen membrane (NCM) tacked to native bone. In this study, we compared the outcome of this treatment option to those achieved with three different graft/membrane combinations with respect to total newly occupied area and the mineralized compound inside. After bi-lateral extraction of two mandibular premolars in five adult beagles L-shaped alveolar defects were created. A total of 20 defects healed for 6 weeks resulting in chronic type bone defects. At baseline, four options were randomly allocated to five defects each: a. DBBM + NCM with a four-pin fixation across the ridge; b. DBBM + RCLC (ribose cross-linked collagen membrane); c. DBBM + NPPM (native porcine pericardium membrane); and d. Ca-sulfate (CS) + RCLC membrane. Membranes in b/c/d were not fixed; complete tensionless wound closure was achieved by CAF. Termination after 3 months and sampling followed, and non-decalcified processing and toluidine blue staining were applied. Microscopic images obtained at standardized magnification were histomorphometrically assessed by ImageJ software (NIH). An ANOVA post hoc test was applied; histomorphometric data are presented in this paper as medians and interquartile ranges (IRs). All sites healed uneventfully, all sites were sampled and block separation followed before Technovit embedding. Two central sections per block for each group were included. Two of five specimen were lost due to processing error and were excluded from group b. New bone area was significantly greater for option b. compared to a. (p = 0.001), c. (p = 0.002), and d. (p = 0.046). Residual non-bone graft area was significantly less for option d. compared to a. (p = 0.026) or c. (p = 0.021). We conclude that collagen membranes with a prolonged resorption/barrier profile combined with bone substitutes featuring different degradation profiles sufficiently support new bone formation. Tacking strategy/membrane fixation appears redundant when using these biomaterials.

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