scholarly journals The Pulp Stones: Morphological Analysis in Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopic Chemical Quantification

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Palatyńska-Ulatowska ◽  
Marcos Cook Fernandes ◽  
Krystyna Pietrzycka ◽  
Agata Koprowicz ◽  
Leszek Klimek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Pulp Cavity ◽  
Pulp Stones ◽  
Chemical Quantification ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background and objectives: Pulp stones are hard tissue structures formed in the pulp of permanent and deciduous teeth. Few studies have evaluated their morphology and chemical composition. However, their formation, composition, configuration and role played in overall health status are still unclear. Clinically, they may be symptomatic; technically, they impede access during endodontic therapy, increasing the risk of treatment errors. Thus, this study aimed to morphologically analyze pulp stones and present their chemical quantification, identifying their main chemical elements. It also correlates the results with their possible induction mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Seven pulp nodules were collected from molar teeth needing endodontic treatment. The morphology of the stones was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their chemical composition was determined by X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDX). Results: These structures varied considerably in shape, size and topography. The site of the stones in the pulp cavity was the factor that most affected the morphology. The majority of the stones found in the pulp chambers presented nodular morphology, while those in the root canals presented a diffuse shape, resembling root canal anatomy. The topography of the nodules showed heterogeneous relief, revealing smooth and compact areas contrasting with the rugged and porous ones. The chemical composition varied depending on the location of the nodule in the pulp cavity and the relief of the analyzed area. Radicular stones presented considerably lower calcium and phosphorus content than coronary nodules. Conclusions: The high cellularity rate of the coronal pulp predisposes this region to nodular mineralizations around injured cells. The presence of larger caliber vascular bundles and higher collagen fiber content in radicular pulp determines a diffuse morphological pattern in this region. Understanding the morphology and chemical composition of the pulp stones allows future translational pathways towards the prevention or treatment of such conditions.

Interaction of Al-Si Alloys with SiC/C Ceramic Particles and their Influence on Microstructure of Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Dolata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Liquid Aluminium ◽  
Ceramic Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

Interaction of Al-Si alloys with SiC/C ceramic particles and their influence on microstructure of composites was discussed. This article presents a significant effect of modifying additives introduced into liquid aluminium. As it was shown in the research, Mg and Sr modifiers improve wetting conditions in Al/SiCp+Cp systems, as well as influence the composite’s structure and the structure of the interface between the components. The microstructure observations were performed using light microscopy (OLYMPUS GX 71) and scanning electron microscopy (PHILIPS XL30). Moreover, local analyses of chemical compositions as well as chemical elements mapping were performed using an EDX module for microarea chemical analysis. Based on structural studies, it was found that chemical composition of the aluminium alloy and its modification are equally important parameters.

scholarly journals SEM, EDS and Electrical Capacitance Study on Electrodeposited Ni-Cu Layers

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 3210-3212
Author(s):  
Oana Claudia Ciobotea Barbu ◽  
Ioana Alina Ciobotaru ◽  
Anca Cojocaru ◽  
Florin Mihai Benga ◽  
Danut Ionel Vaireanu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nickel-Copper metallic layers were deposited onto a steel substrate by using the electrochemical method. The morphology and the chemical composition of the deposited layers were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The electrical capacitance was measured on a functional supercapacitor made of two Ni-Cu deposited layers and a Nafion 117� membrane hydrated with distilled water, which served as a dielectric separator.

The Fracture Failure Analysis of Precision Centrifuge Spindle

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 802-805
Author(s):  
Wei Feng Zhang ◽  
Li Yan ◽  
Fu Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fracture Failure ◽  
Scanning Electron

For the problem of high-speed rotating centrifuge spindle fracture failures, relevant analyses are conducted from the perspective of microstructure, chemical composition and fracture mechanics by using scanning electron microscopy and related instruments. Experimental results and analyses indicate that the spindle fracture is fatigue failure, mainly caused by cold cracks generated on the journal surfacing. Based on the analysis results, improvements and measures are suggested to better solve the spindle weld fracture failure problems.

Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Technique to Identify Asbestos Phases Inside Ferruginous Bodies

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Croce ◽  
Maya Musa ◽  
Mario Allegrina ◽  
Paolo Trivero ◽  
Caterina Rinaudo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
The Core ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Ferruginous Bodies ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractFerruginous bodies observed in lungs of patients affected by mesothelioma, asbestosis, and pulmonary carcinoma are important to relate the illness to exposure, environmental or occupational, to asbestos. Identification of the inorganic phase constituting the core of the ferruginous bodies, formed around asbestos but also around phases different from asbestos, is essential for legal purposes. Environmental scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to identify the fibrous mineral phase in the core of ferruginous bodies observed directly in thin sections of tissue, without digestion of the biological matrix. Spectra were taken with sequential analyses along a line crossing the core of the ferruginous bodies. By comparing the spectra taken near to and far from the core, the chemical elements that make up the core could be identified.

A comparative study of the morphology, chemical composition and weathering of rhyolitic and andesitic glass

Clay Minerals ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Kirkman ◽  
W. J. McHardy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Bonding Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe morphology of volcanic glass particles in rhyolitic and andesitic tephra of central North Island and Taranaki areas of New Zealand has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Electron probe analyses of the glasses are compared with those of the clays to which they weather. Loss of silica characterizes the weathering of both glasses. The rapid rate of weathering of andesitic glass is attributed to its occurrence as fine, soft microlites and extensive substitution of Al for Si in the structure. Rhyolitic glass weathers more slowly because it occurs as hard and brittle particles containing relatively little alumina. It is suggested that the structure, chemical composition and chemical activity of allophane is governed largely by the chemical composition and bonding characteristics of the parent glass.

Comparative study of the oxide scale thermally grown on titanium alloys by ion beam analysis techniques and scanning electron microscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2245-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gutiérrez ◽  
F. Pászti ◽  
A. Climent-Font ◽  
J.A. Jiménez ◽  
M.F. López
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Nb Content ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present work, the oxide layers developed at elevated temperature on three vanadium-free titanium alloys, of interest as implant biomaterials, were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of the alloys investigated, in wt%, was Ti–7Nb–6Al, Ti–13Nb–13Zr, and Ti–15Zr–4Nb. Upon oxidation in air at 750 °C, an oxide scale forms, with a chemical composition, morphology, and thickness that depend on the alloy composition and the oxidation time. After equal exposure time, the Ti–7Nb–6Al alloy exhibited the thinnest oxide layer due to the formation of an Al2O3-rich layer. The oxide scale of the two TiNbZr alloys is mainly composed of Ti oxides, with small amounts of Nb and Zr dissolved. For both TiNbZr alloys, the role of the Nb-content on the mechanism of the oxide formation is discussed.

The Microstructure of AlSi7Mg Alloy in as Cast Condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Dybowski ◽  
Bogusława Adamczyk-Cieślak ◽  
Kinga Rodak ◽  
Iwona Bednarczyk ◽  
Andrzej Kiełbus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alloy Microstructure ◽  
Cast Condition ◽  
Scanning Electron

The complex microstructure of as-cast AlSi7Mg alloy has been investigated. Microstructure observations were done using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Chemical composition of the microstructure constituents was investigated by means of energy dispersive spectrometry, conducted both during SEM and STEM investigations. Selected area diffraction was used to identify the phases in the alloy. Microstructure of the alloy in the as-cast condition consists of Al-Si eutectic and intermetallic phases in the interdendritic regions. These are: Mg2Si, α-AlFeMnS, β-AlFeSi and π-AlFeSiMg phases. What is more, number of fine precipitates were found within the α-Al dendrites. Only the occurrence of U1 (MgAl2Si2) phase has been confirmed.

Synthesis of Cu/Cr and Cu/Cr/W Materials by Powder Metallurgy Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 880 ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Claudiu Nicolicescu ◽  
Victor Horia Nicoară ◽  
Costel Silviu Bălulescu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Scanning Electron

Alloys based on Cu/Cr and Cu/Cr/W attract the attention due to their presence in different applications that require higher electrical properties which are combined with good mechanical properties. In order to synthesis the material based on Cu/Cr and Cu/Cr/W, mechanical alloying technique was used. Four mixtures, X1 (99%CuCr), X2 (97%CuCr), X3 (94%Cu1%CrW), X4 (92%Cu3%CrW – weight percent), were prepared using a vario planetary ball mill Pulverisette 4 made by Fritsch. The mixtures obtained after 10 hours were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the presence of chromium and tungsten influence the morphology and the particles tend to be flat. Sinter ability and microhardness are influenced by the chemical composition of the samples.

Morpho-anatomy of the cypselae of native species of Mutisieae (Asteraceae) from Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 436 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
ROSARIO REDONDA-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
TERESA TERRAZAS ◽  
ALICIA ROJAS-LEAL
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Periclinal Wall ◽  
Mexican Species ◽  
Anatomical Trait ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aims of this study were to describe and illustrate cypselae of 15 Mexican species of Mutisieae from observations using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The cypselae are heteromorphic with pilose, sericeous or glandular indumentum. The primary sculpture of the surface has two microstructural patterns: reticulate and plicate. The secondary sculpture is striate in 13 taxa, but in two species, Chaptalia estribensis and C. mexicana, differences were found in the secondary sculpture of the external and internal cypselae. The most distinctive anatomical trait is in the epicarp, which has rectangular or square-shaped cells that have a convex periclinal wall in most species of Chaptalia. The mesocarp has vascular bundles with fibers in all species of Chaptalia, but fibers are absent in Adenocaulon, Gerbera and Leibnitzia. In addition, the cells of the mesocarp inner layer have either thick walls or only an anticlinal wall in nine species of Chaptalia. The micromorphological characteristics of the primary or secondary sculpture of the surface, the type of trichomes and the variation they present have taxonomical value for recognizing closely-related taxa, whereas anatomical traits of the mesocarp distinguish Adenocaulon, Gerbera and Leibnitzia from most Chaptalia species.

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