scholarly journals Short-Circuit Current in Polymeric Membrane-Based Thermocells: An Experimental Study

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
V. María Barragán
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Experimental Point ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Alkali Chloride

Thermocells are non-isothermal electrochemical cells used to convert thermal energy into electricity. In a thermocell, together with the ion flux, heat is also transferred, which can reduce the temperature gradient and thus the delivered electric current. A charged membrane used as a separating barrier in the electrolyte liquid could reduce this problem. Therefore, the use of ion-exchange membranes has been suggested as an alternative in terms of thermoelectricity because of their high Seebeck coefficient. Ion transfer occurs not only at the liquid solution but also at the solid membrane when a temperature gradient is imposed. Thus, the electric current delivered by the thermocell will also be highly dependent on the membrane system properties. In this work, a polymeric membrane-based thermocell with 1:1 alkali chloride electrolytes and reversible Ag|AgCl electrodes at different temperatures is studied. This work focuses on the experimental relation between the short-circuit current density and the temperature difference. Short-circuit current is the maximum electric current supplied by a thermocell and is directly related to the maximum output electrical power. It can therefore provide valuable information on the thermocell efficiency. The effect of the membrane, electrolyte nature and hydrodynamic conditions is analysed from an experimental point of view.

Performance Study of GaAs Photovoltaic Power Converter in Optically Powered Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 1894-1897
Author(s):  
Xin Wei Yuan ◽  
Jie Qin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Photovoltaic Power

Optically powered system is a revolutionary new power delivery system, in which optical power is delivered over fiber to photovoltaic power converter, where optical power is transformed into electrical power. Therefore the system is inherently immune to RF, EMI, high voltage and lighting effects. Capable of powering electronic circuitry by optical fiber, this technology has been validated in industries such as electric power, communications, remote sensing and aerospace. To a large extent, photovoltaic power converter is a key component that decides the performance of optically powered system. In this paper, the commonly used GaAs photovoltaic power converter is studied and tested. Parameter values like open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum output power, conversion efficiency and the optimum load resistance are obtained through experiment, which can be severed as important reference while choosing or designing DC-DC converter.

scholarly journals Donor-π-Conjugated Spacer-Acceptor Dye-Sensitized Solid-State Solar Cell Using CuI as the Hole Collector

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
D. N. Liyanage ◽  
K. D. M. S. P. K. Kumarasinghe ◽  
G. R. A. Kumara ◽  
A. C. A. Jayasundera ◽  
K. Tennakone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Short Circuit Current Density ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Type Semiconductor

Dye-sensitized solid-state solar cells (DSSCs) replacing the liquid electrolyte with a p-type semiconductor have been extensively examined to solve the practical problems associated with wet-type solar cells. Here, we report the fabrication of a solid-state solar cell using copper iodide (CuI) as the hole conductor and alkyl-functionalized carbazole dye (MK-2) as the sensitizer. A DSSC sensitized with MK-2 showed a solar-to-electrical power conversion efficiency of 3.33% with a Voc of 496 mV and a Jsc of 16.14 mA cm-2 under AM 1.5 simulated sunlight. The long alkyl chains act as a barrier for charge recombination, and the strong accepting and donating abilities of the cyanoacrylic and carbazole groups, respectively, enhance the absorption of light at a longer wavelength, increasing the short-circuit current density. The efficiency recorded in this work is higher than similar DSSCs based on other hole collectors.

Power Plant Station Protection System against Voltage Fluctuation

2015 ◽  
Vol 793 ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abadal Salam T. Hussain ◽  
Waleed A. Oraibi ◽  
Fadhel A. Jumaa ◽  
F. Malek ◽  
Syed F. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Protective Relay

Electrical Power System protection is required to protectboth the user and the system equipment itself fromany fault, hence electrical power system is not allowed to operate without any protection devices installed. Power System fault is defined as the undesirable condition that occurs in the power system. Some of these undesirable conditions are short circuit, current leakage, ground faultand over-under voltage. With the increasing loads, voltages and short-circuit duty in power plant, over voltage protection has become more important today. Here, the component that had been used is PIC 16F877a microcontroller to control the whole system and especially on the circuit breakers as well as the LCT display unit is used to display the voltage level and type of generator that used to serve the load. Sensors are used to measure both thevoltage and the load. The controlled digital signal from PIC microcontroller is converted by using the digital analog converter to control the whole circuit. Thus a device called protective relay is created to meet this requirement. The protective relay is mostlyoften coupled with circuit breaker in a way that it can isolate the abnormal condition in the system.

Maximum Output Power Control Using Short-Circuit Current and Open-Circuit Voltage of a Solar Panel

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (10S) ◽  
pp. 10NF08 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kato ◽  
Takuma Miyake ◽  
Daisuke Tashima ◽  
Tatsuya Sakoda ◽  
Masahisa Otsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Maximum Output

scholarly journals Optimization of Method and Components of Enzymatic Fuel Cells

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Ibukun Akinsola ◽  
Aderemi Babatunde Alabi ◽  
Muibat A Soliu ◽  
Taiye Akomolafe
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Carbon Electrodes

Enzymatic fuel cells produce electrical power by oxidation of renewable energy sources. An enzymatic glucose biofuel cell uses glucose as fuel and enzymes as biocatalyst, to convert biochemical energy into electrical energy. The applications which need low electrical voltages and low currents have much of the interest in developing enzymatic fuel cells. The cell was constructed using three different materials with different electrodes (Bitter leaf and Copper electrodes (BCu), Bitter leaf and Carbon electrodes (BC) and Water leaf and Carbon electrodes (WC)). The short circuit current and open circuit voltage were measured in micro-ampere (mu A) and milli-volt (mV) respectively at 30 minutes interval over the period of 12 hours (from dawn to dusk). The results which show that fuel cells constructed using bitter leaf with carbon electrode has the highest open circuit voltage, short circuit current and generated power of 162.8~mV, 1.65~ mu A and 268.62~nW respectively at 720~mins is obtained from the plots generated by the use of Microsoft Excel. The results show that all short circuit currents, voltages and powers generated increases with time and this is as a result of the exposure to solar radiation during the period of taking the measurement.

scholarly journals A Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Aligned P(VDF-TrFE) Nanofibers

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujian You ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Jinzheng Gui ◽  
Heng Cui ◽  
Shishang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Rotating Drum ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Uniform Diameter

Aligned P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers are successfully fabricated by advanced electrospinning. The aligned feature of the nanofibers is achieved by using parallel electrodes, which is fabricated by lithography and wet etching, and a rotating drum collector. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show that the nanofibers are highly ordered with a smooth surface and uniform diameter. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR) tests indicate that the fibers contain high β phase content. The nanogenerator based on aligned P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers exhibits good electric performance with a maximum output voltage as high as 12 V and peak-peak short circuit current about 150 nA, highlighting the potential application of P(VDF-TrFE) on self-powered and wearable devices.

scholarly journals Characteristic comparison of photovoltaic module and photovoltaic thermal

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 04010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krismadinata ◽  
Remon Lapisa ◽  
Syahril ◽  
Asnil
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Heat Absorption ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Lower Temperature

This paper discusses an attempt to compares the electrical characteristics of two solar modules of the same type and size in which one of the solar modules at the bottom is mounted a copper pipe for circulating water (as call photovoltaic thermal). The research was steered to observe water cooling effect to electrical characteristics of PV module. This system serves as a heat absorption on the bottom of the solar module. The experiment is conducted at the same time, place, and sunlight intensity conditions for both solar modules. The characteristics of short-circuit current, open circuit voltage, upper and lower temperature and the irradiation of sunlight from the two solar modules are observed. The test results show that photovoltaic thermal generate greater electrical power than solar modules not equipped with heat absorption

Novel Use of Semiconductive Conjugated Polymer With Optimized Scintillator for Betavoltaic Applications

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
Justin Melancon ◽  
Sheila Bailey ◽  
Sandra Zivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Cesium Iodide ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Long Duration

The ongoing advanced space exploration requires the novel energy sources that can generate power for extreme duration without need of refill. The long duration betavoltaic devices are presented using conjugated polymer with scintillators. The Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the interaction of electron beam with two different scintillators, Cerium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Ce:YAG) and Thallium doped Cesium Iodide (CsI:Tl). The catholuminescence profiles from simulation showed that CsI:Tl is more-efficient to generate photons when hit by electron beam compared to Ce:YAG. The semiconductive conjugated polymer device stack of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:ICBA/Al are then fabricated and tested with Ce:YAG and CsI:Tl scintillators under different electron beam energies. The electrical current is successfully extracted from these betavoltaic devices when illuminated with electron beams. As expected, the betavoltaic devices with CsI:Tl scintillator performed better compared with Ce:YAG. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.24% is obtained at 10 kV electron beam with CsI:Tl, while PCE in device with Ce:YAG is 0.16%. The short circuit current in devices with CsI:Tl is about 57%, greater than in devices with Ce:YAG. The experimental result showed that output electrical power increased with increase in incident electron beam energy.

scholarly journals Mechanical-Stress Analytical Modeling for the Design of Coils in Power Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-590
Author(s):  
D. Bellan
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Inrush Currents ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Modern electrical-power systems are often exploited for transmitting high-frequency carrier signals for communications purposes. Series-connected air-core coils represent the fundamental component allowing such applications by providing a proper filtering in the frequency domain. They must be designed, however, to withstand also the line short-circuit current. When a high-magnitude current flows through a coil, strong mechanical stresses are produced within the conductor, leading to possible damage of the coil. In this paper, an approximate analytical model is derived for the relationship between the maximum mechanical stress and the electrical/geometrical parameters of the coil. Such a model provides the guidelines for a fast and safe coil design, whereas numerical simulations are only needed for the design refinement. The presented approach can be extended to other applications such as, for example, the mechanical stress resulting from the inrush currents in the coils of power transformers.

Study on the Illumination Characteristics of Solar Photovoltaic Battery

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Zhen Yong Liu ◽  
Jian Qi Sun ◽  
Zhi Chun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Crystal Silicon

Effects of solar panels must be taken into account by the light intensity of its output characteristics in practical application, especially solar panels placed outdoor. So the light intensity coefficient is an important parameter to be considered. In this paper,we took the light intensity characteristics of single crystal silicon solar cell as the research object. Also,through transforming the illumination intensity which are 777.60W/m2,996.97 W/m2 and 1224.88 W/m2, we would finish researching the characteristics of the cell sheet, which included battery plate volt ampere characteristic, open circuit voltage, short circuit current and maximum output power. Also, we’ve got the relationship of Uoc-T, Isc-T and Pm-T, respectively and Put forward the better intensity theory. It would lay a solid foundation of practice for the further study on how to improve the rate of light conversion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document