Modelling the Effect of Solution Composition and Temperature on the Conductivity of Zinc Electrowinning Electrolytes

Zinc electrowinning is an energy-intensive step of hydrometallurgical zinc production in which ohmic drop contributes the second highest overpotential in the process. As the ohmic drop is a result of electrolyte conductivity, three conductivity models (Aalto-I, Aalto-II and Aalto-III) were formulated in this study based on the synthetic industrial electrolyte conditions of Zn (50–70 g/dm3), H2SO4 (150–200 g/dm3), Mn (0–8 g/dm3), Mg (0–4 g/dm3), and temperature, T (30–40 °C). These studies indicate that electrolyte conductivity increases with temperature and H2SO4 concentration, whereas metal ions have negative effects on conductivity. In addition, the interaction effects of temperature and the concentrations of metal ions on solution conductivity were tested by comparing the performance of the linear model (Aalto-I) and interrelated models (Aalto-II and Aalto-III) to determine their significance in the electrowinning process. Statistical analysis shows that Aalto-I has the highest accuracy of all the models developed and investigated in this study. From the industrial validation, Aalto-I also demonstrates a high level of correlation in comparison to the other models presented in this study. Further comparison of model Aalto-I with the existing published models from previous studies shows that model Aalto-I substantially improves the accuracy of the zinc conductivity empirical model.

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Burnout, resilience, and perception of mindfulness programmes among GP trainees: a mixed-methods study

BJGP Open ◽

10.3399/bjgpopen20x101058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. bjgpopen20X101058

Author(s):

Petra Hanson ◽

Amy Clarke ◽

Manuel Villarreal ◽

Majid Khan ◽

Jeremy Dale

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Help Seeking ◽

High Stress ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Negative Effects ◽

High Prevalence ◽

High Level ◽

And Coping

BackgroundTrainee GPs are at risk of developing burnout as a result of high stress levels. Improving resilience may prevent the negative effects of stress on wellbeing, morale, and patient care, thereby supporting recruitment to general practice.AimTo explore experiences of stress and burnout among GP trainees, and their level of interest in undertaking a mindfulness programme.Design & settingA qualitative study was performed with a cohort of GP trainees in Coventry and Warwickshire.MethodThis mixed-methods study utilised a survey with validated measures to investigate the prevalence of burnout, state of wellbeing, and resilience in GP trainees. Focus groups were also used to explore experiences of stress and burnout, and perceptions of mindfulness practice.ResultsIn total, 47 (response rate 39%) trainees completed the survey and 14 participated in focus groups. There was a high prevalence of disengagement (n = 36; 80%) and emotional exhaustion (n = 35; 77%), with 29 (64%) scoring above the cut-off value for both. While 16 (34%) reported already practising mindfulness, 39 (83%) described interest in engaging in mindfulness practice. The focus groups identified a range of issues relating to how trainees recognise stress and burnout, their help-seeking and coping strategies, the perceived barriers to practising self-care, and motivations for participating in mindfulness training.ConclusionThis study confirms the degree of stress and burnout that GP trainees experience, and their desire for greater wellbeing and resilience support. It identified a high level of interest in attending a mindfulness programme, but also barriers to engagement. Results of this research shaped the Mindful Practice Curriculum programme, which was later provided to this cohort of trainees.

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System for high-level radioactive waste using microchannel chip — extraction behavior of metal ions from aqueous phase to organic phase in microchannel

Progress in Nuclear Energy ◽

10.1016/j.pnucene.2005.05.045 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 47 (1-4) ◽

pp. 439-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Hiroyasu Hotokezaka ◽

Manabu Tokeshi ◽

Masayuki Harada ◽

Takehiko Kitamori ◽

Yasuhisa Ikeda

Keyword(s):

Radioactive Waste ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Organic Phase ◽

High Level Radioactive Waste ◽

Extraction Behavior ◽

High Level

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The effects of shared leadership on team performance

Leadership & Organization Development Journal ◽

10.1108/lodj-01-2020-0023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Jiyeong Han ◽

Jeewhan Yoon ◽

Woojae Choi ◽

Gyehoon Hong

Keyword(s):

Team Performance ◽

Shared Leadership ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Conservation Of Resources ◽

Team Leaders ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Content Type ◽

Positive Effects ◽

High Level ◽

Task Oriented

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between shared leadership and team performance at the team level. Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, the authors examine whether shared leadership is associated with team performance through team positive psychological capital (PsyCap). This study further examines whether task-oriented and relationship-oriented shared leadership affect team performance differently.Design/methodology/approachMulti-source survey data were obtained from 92 team leaders and 319 employees. An aggregation approach was used to analyze the data at the team level.FindingsA high level of shared leadership positively influences team performance through the mediation of team PsyCap. Moreover, relationship-oriented shared leadership is positively associated with team performance through team PsyCap, while task-oriented shared leadership is negatively associated with team performance without the mediating effect of team PsyCap.Practical implicationsBy focusing on the negative effects of task-oriented shared leadership and the positive effects of relationship-oriented shared leadership and team PsyCap on team performance, this study suggests new ways to manage team performance effectively and extends shared leadership literature.Originality/valueThis study applied COR theory to analyze the effect of shared leadership mediated by team PsyCap on team performance. It contributes to shared leadership literature by shedding light on the negative effects of task-oriented shared leadership and on the positive aspects of relationship-oriented shared leadership.

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Fiscal Rules and the Behavior of Public Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean: Towards Growth-Friendly Fiscal Policy?: The case of Argentina

10.18235/0003057 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Artana ◽

Cynthia Moskovits ◽

Jorge Puig ◽

Ivana Templado

Keyword(s):

Capital Expenditure ◽

Previous Analysis ◽

Public Investment ◽

National Level ◽

Political Support ◽

Fiscal Rules ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Economic Boom ◽

High Level

This paper analyzes the implementation of Fiscal Rules (FR) in Argentina. Several clear attempts to establish a FR at the national level are identified. The analysis suggests that the environment matters. The only FR that was binding in the period was approved in 2004 during an economic boom, with the country under a program with the IMF and with high political support. During the world financial crisis the expenditure ceilings were relaxed, however, and current primary expenditures soared. Simulations show that a countercyclical fund could have been implemented even after reducing highly distorting taxes at the federal and provincial levels, and at the same time securing a high level of capital expenditure as a share of GDP, had Argentina complied with the 2004 FR. Moreover, an econometric exploration of the link between flexible FRs and public investment finds that a flexible FR helps to mitigate the negative effects of fiscal consolidations on provincial public investment. Based on the previous analysis, guidelines for a proposal for a FR in Argentina are provided.

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Increment of Fatigue, Depression, and Stage Fright During the First Year of High-Level Education in Music Students

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2012.1008 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Horst Hildebrandt ◽

Matthias Nübling ◽

Victor Candia

Keyword(s):

Music Performance ◽

Music Students ◽

Stage Fright ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Professional Musicians ◽

Freshman Year ◽

Work Related ◽

Custom Made ◽

Before And After ◽

High Level

BACKGROUND: Public opinion associates music performance with pleasure, relaxation, and entertainment. Nevertheless, several studies have shown that professional musicians and music students are often affected by work-related burdens. These are closely related to stress and anxiety. OBJECTIVE: Scrutinizing specific health strains and work attitudes of music students during their freshman year of high-level education. METHODS: One hundred five students in three Swiss music universities were part of a longitudinal study using standardized assessment questionnaires. Before and after their first study year, some custom-made questionnaires designed to fit the particular work environment of musicians were used together with the already validated inquiry instruments. RESULTS: Fatigue, depression, and stage fright increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate more study is needed and attempts should be made to minimize the stress level, improve the students’ ability to cope with stress, and otherwise reduce their risk for injury. This appears particularly important considering the long-term negative effects of stressors on individuals’ health as revealed by modern research.

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State of the Art of Software Architecture Design Methods Used in Main Software Development Methodologies

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-5888-2.ch724 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 7359-7370

Author(s):

Reyes Delgado Paola Yuritzy ◽

Mora Tavarez José Manuel ◽

Duran-Limon Hector Alejandro ◽

Rodríguez-Martínez Laura Cecilia ◽

Mendoza González Ricardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Software Development ◽

Software Architecture ◽

Design Methods ◽

Software Systems ◽

Design Activity ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Modern Development ◽

Core Components ◽

Software Development Methodologies ◽

High Level

The design Software Architecture (SA) is an essential activity in the modern development software systems. This SA design activity defines its core components, the interrelationships among them, and a set of essential attributes expected for the final software. While this design is realized in a high level of abstraction, missing this activity or a wrong conduction of it will have negative effects in further software development phases, and lately in the final software. Thus, SA design methods are relevant to be studied and applied. In this article, we review the SA design methods that are (explicitly or implicitly) included in five well-known Software Development Methodologies (SDMs). We report: (1) a brief description of the five SDMs; (2) a substantial description of the SA design methods used in each SDM; and (3) a comparative analysis among them using an evaluation template posited by well-recognized experts in this topic. Our results suggest that SA design methods, while sharing a similar design purpose and some activities, they also present a varied structured and nomenclature.

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Data Warehousing for Decision Support

Encyclopedia of Decision Making and Decision Support Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-843-7.ch015 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 124-133

Author(s):

John Wang ◽

James Yao ◽

Qiyang Chen

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Data Warehousing ◽

Business Environment ◽

External Information ◽

Business Organizations ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Business Information ◽

Business Opportunities ◽

High Level ◽

Business Complexity

Today’s business environment is dynamic and uncertain. Competition among business organizations is becoming more intensified and globalized. These business organizations’ demand for both internal and external information is growing rapidly. This rapidly growing demand to analyze business information has quickly led to the emergence of data warehousing (Finnegan, Murphy, & O’Riordan, 1999). The strategic use of information from data warehousing assures the solution of the negative effects of many of the challenges facing organizations (Love, 1996). When the data warehousing technologies are well positioned and properly implemented, they can assist organizations in reducing business complexity, discovering ways to leverage information for new sources of competitive advantage, realizing business opportunities, and providing a high level of information readiness to respond quickly and decisively under conditions of uncertainty (Love; Park, 1997).

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Viscosity of glass‐forming melt at the bottom of high‐level waste melter‐feed cold caps: Effects of temperature and incorporation of solid components

Journal of the American Ceramic Society ◽

10.1111/jace.16876 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (3) ◽

pp. 1615-1630

Author(s):

Seung Min Lee ◽

Benjamin P. McCarthy ◽

Pavel Hrma ◽

Jaehun Chun ◽

Richard Pokorny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Level Waste ◽

Glass Forming ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

High Level

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Hyper-globalization and capitalism: socio-political effects of the international commerce

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy ◽

10.1108/ijssp-04-2020-0128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Russo

Keyword(s):

Social Cohesion ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

International Economy ◽

Negative Effects ◽

International Commerce ◽

Content Type ◽

Advanced Economies ◽

Political Effects ◽

Deep Integration ◽

High Level

PurposeThe hypothesis is that social inequalities tend to increase in the historical phases characterized by a high level of integration of the international economy, generating protectionism-oriented pressures. The analysis of the capitalistic evolution in the last centuries is oriented to outline the strict connection between deep international economy integration and high level of social inequalities in advanced economies.Design/methodology/approachRecent deep integration in international economy generated, in advanced economies, a significant increase in socio-economic inequalities, with negative effects on social cohesion and democratic dynamics. The paper, examining the historical evolution of capitalism, analyses the consequences generated by the deep integration, achieved by the international economy, on social inequalities in advanced countries. The discussion is focussed on three models of capitalism: competitive capitalism, Fordist capitalism and cognitive capitalism.FindingsAs a result, for governments, two alternatives open up in the hyper-globalization phases: to preserve deep international economic integration, with risks for democracy; to preserve internal social cohesion, with risks of protectionism and closure to the international economy.Originality/valueThe article is oriented to underline the intrinsic incompatibility between hyper-globalization and democracy, for the strong negative effects generated by hyper-globalization on social inequalities and on social cohesion.

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