scholarly journals Hybrid Machine Learning Optimization Approach to Predict Hot Deformation Behavior of Medium Carbon Steel Material

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohanraj Murugesan ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad ◽  
Dong Won Jung
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Absolute Relative Error ◽  
Average Absolute Relative Error ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Stress Prediction ◽  
Bp Model

The isothermal tensile test of medium carbon steel material was conducted at deformation temperatures varying from 650 to 950 ∘ C with an interval of 100 ∘ C and strain rates ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 s − 1 . In addition, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) procedures were exploited to study about the surface morphology of medium carbon steel material. Using the experimental data, the artificial neural network (ANN) model with a back-propagation (BP) algorithm was proposed to predict the hot deformation behavior of medium carbon steel material. For model training and testing purpose, the variables such as deformation temperature, strain rate, and strain data were considered as inputs and the flow stress data were used as targets. Before running the neural network, the test data were normalized to effectively run the problem and after solving the problem, the obtained results were again converted in order to achieve the actual data. According to the predicted results, the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) and the average absolute relative error between the predicted flow stress and the experimental data were determined as 0.999 and 1.335%, respectively. For improving the model predictability, the constrained nonlinear function based optimization procedures was adopted to obtain the best candidate selections of weights and biases. By evaluating each test conditions, it was found that the average absolute relative error based on the optimized ANN-BP model varied from 0.728% to 1.775%. Overall, the trained ANN-BP models proved to be much more efficient and accurate by means of flow stress prediction against the experimental data for all the tested conditions. These optimized results displayed that an ANN-BP model is more accurate for flow stress prediction than that of the conventional flow stress models.

Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network Approach to Predict the Flow Stress in Isothermal Tensile Test of Medium Carbon Steel Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Mohanraj Murugesan ◽  
Dong Won Jung
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Average Absolute Relative Error ◽  
Steel Material

Isothermal tensile test of medium carbon steel material was conducted on a computer controlled servo-hydraulic testing machine at the deformation temperatures (923 to 1223 K) and the strain rates (0.05 to 1.0 s-1). Using the experimental data, the artificial neural network (ANN) model with a back-propagation (BP) algorithm was proposed to predict the hot deformation behavior of medium carbon steel material. For the model training and testing purpose, deformation temperature, strain rate and strain data were considered as inputs and in addition, the flow stress data were used a targets. Before running the neural network, the test data were normalized to effectively run the problem and after solving the problem, the obtained results were again converted in order to achieve the actual data. According to the predicted results, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the average absolute relative error between the predicted flow stress and the experimental data were determined as 0.997 and 0.913%, respectively. In addition, by evaluating each test conditions, it was found that the average absolute relative error based on an ANN model varied from 0.55% to 1.36% and moreover, the results showed the better predictability compared with the measured data. Overall, the trained BP-ANN model is found to be much more efficient and accurate by means of flow stress prediction with respect to the experimental data for an entire tested conditions.

The Influence of Quench Tempering and Carburazing Treatment towards Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Medium Carbon Steel for Automotive Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Muhammad Fitrullah ◽  
Suryana ◽  
Febri Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Automotive Application ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Produce Steel ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Carburizing Process

Gear is one of the machine components that is widely used in industrial and automotive fields. In machinery process, gear has a very important function to forward speed, power, or torque from one engine component to other components as a mechanical drive. Today a lot of development to obtain a good quality of gear, due to many gears were damage, worn out, and broken because they were not strong enough to resist friction and pressure. In addition, broken gears due to pressure and friction make them did not last long. To increase the hardness value of gear, then it needs though material that can be used when the gear reach optimum rotation. The material that is widely used for gear application is medium carbon steel. The medium carbon steel is a metal material that has carbon composition ranging from 0.30 to 0.59%. This medium carbon steel has hardness value of 174.501 HVN without treatment. The process of quench tempering and carburizing are conducted to increase hardness and toughness value of the material. The hardness value of gear is 140 HVN. The result of the research showed the hardness value at various temperature 780°C, 810°C, and 840°C. The optimum hardness values ​is 165.355 HVN at the temperature of 840°C. Medium carbon steel is expected to be an alternative to produce steel material with certain mechanical properties. This research also conducted heat treatment in austenite area and then detained with holding time of 20, 40, and 60 minutes. Furthermore, quench tempering was conducted and followed by carburizing to obtain a ferrite phase and coarse pearlite and to increase hardness value after quech tempering. It is expected that after quech tempering and carburizing process, steel with better mechanical properties can be produced. This research obtained the increase of hardness value and the number of pearlite and ferrite.

Development of Constitutive Relationships Using Compression Testing of a Medium Carbon Steel

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Rao ◽  
E. B. Hawbolt
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Medium Carbon

Empirical or semi-empirical stress-strain relationships are of limited applicability because (i) they require a large number of constants to represent the effect of process variables, (ii) they are not able to adequately describe the typical hot deformation characteristics i.e., strain hardening at lower strains and steady state flow stress at higher strains, and (iii) they are not able to provide reliable extrapolation. In the present study, flow curves for hot deformation of a medium carbon steel in compression were obtained using a computer controlled thermo-mechanical simulator. The flow stress data were analyzed using three Arrhenius-type equations, each representing the flow stress in terms of strain rate and temperature at different strain levels. It was found that the hyperbolic-sine equation represented the data very well; each of the different activation parameters of this equation varied systematically with strain, and could be satisfactorily described using a power relationship. Using these proposed relationships the flow stress can be described in terms of the process variables—strain, strain rate and temperature—in an explicit fashion of use in finite-element analysis of hot deformation processes.

scholarly journals Experimental data on mechanical properties evaluation of medium carbon steel quenched in different waste media

Data in Brief ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 1224-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.P. Ikubanni ◽  
O.O. Agboola ◽  
A.A. Adediran ◽  
A.A. Adeleke ◽  
B.T. Ogunsemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon

Study on the Flow Stress Curve of the Warm Deformation of Medium Carbon Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Jie Li ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Hong Min Liu ◽  
Li Zi Xiao ◽  
Su Fen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Warm Deformation ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Stress Curve ◽  
Flow Stress Curve ◽  
Gleeble 3500

The warm compression experiment of medium carbon steel was conducted using the Gleeble-3500 thermal/mechanical simulator system. By the experiment, the warm deformation of medium carbon steel was studied within the temperature (500~700°C) and the strain rate (0.001~10s-1). The results indicate that the flow stress was increasing with the lowering temperature and the higher strain rate. And the stress-strain curves could be divided into four parts, including four stage of the Strain-Hardening, the First Softening, the Strong Softening, and the Steady Deformation. Dynamic recovery softening has little effect on the flow stress. The peak stress was caused by kink and fracture of the lamellar cementite. Strong softening stage was longer than other one, while its softening influence was stronger compared with hot deformation.

Damage Analysis of Medium Carbon Steel in Low Cycle Fatigue

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1141-1144
Author(s):  
Zhi Yuan Rui ◽  
Chun Peng Lu ◽  
Emin Li ◽  
Wu Yin Jin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Damage Evolution ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Life Estimation

By the test of rotational bending for bar of 45 steel with V notch in low cycle fatigue, the bar’s fatigue life is studied under strain-controlled condition. The characteristics of several kinds of specimens' crack propagations are analyzed. The accumulative effect of crack propagation is discussed to find the appropriate load for quick fracture. Based on the theory of continuum medium damage mechanics, the damage evolution model in low cycle fatigue is obtained. The predicted curves and strain-life curves agree with experimental data for medium carbon steel well in this work. These results are very important for the life estimation of medium carbon steel.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

AISI 1025

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract AISI 1025 is a low-to-medium-carbon steel used in the hot-worked, cold-worked, normalized or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for general-purpose construction and engineering. It is also used for case-hardened components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-47. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

AISI 1551

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Good Workability

Abstract AISI 1551 is a medium-carbon steel containing relatively high manganese (0.85-1.15%) for a carbon steel. It can be used in the hot-rolled, annealed, normalized, cold-worked or liquid-quenched-and-tempered condition for numerous applications. It has a combination of good machinability and good workability. Its many uses include hand tools, machinery parts, springs and agricultural machinery. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-80. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document