scholarly journals The Interface amongst Conserved and Specialized Pathways in Non-Paclitaxel and Paclitaxel Accumulating Taxus Cultures

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Michelle McKee ◽  
Sarah Wilson ◽  
Susan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Specialized Metabolism ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Culture Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Metabolite Content ◽  
Paclitaxel Accumulation

Plant cell cultures derived from Taxus are used to produce valuable metabolites like paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic drug. Methyl jasmonate elicitation enhances paclitaxel accumulation, but also inhibits culture growth and increases phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, two side effects that detract from taxane accumulation. To understand the connection between all of these processes, a systems approach is applied to investigate cell-wide metabolism in Taxus. Non-paclitaxel and paclitaxel accumulating cultures were elicited over single and multi-generational periods, and subsequent changes in conserved and specialized metabolism were quantified. Methyl jasmonate typically resulted in decreased growth and increased metabolite content in paclitaxel accumulating cultures. Conversely, elicitation typically resulted in either no change or decrease in accumulation of metabolites in the non-paclitaxel accumulating cultures. In both sets of cultures, variability was seen in the response to methyl jasmonate across generations of cell growth. Consolidation of these data determined that paclitaxel accumulation and basal levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds are indirectly correlated with aggregate size. These approaches assess alternative metabolic pathways that are linked to paclitaxel biosynthesis and provide a comprehensive strategy to both understand the relationship between conserved and specialized metabolism in plants and in the design of strategies to increase natural product yields in plant cell culture.

scholarly journals Response of Bioactive Metabolite and Biosynthesis Related Genes to Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation in Codonopsis pilosula

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao-jiao Ji ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Hai-feng Sun ◽  
Xue-jun Zhang ◽  
Xiao-xiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Metabolite ◽  
Codonopsis Pilosula ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
Metabolite Accumulation ◽  
Culture Growth ◽  
Sucrose Level

Bioactive metabolites in Codonopsis pilosula are of particular interest as an immunostimulant. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays an important role in the elicitation of metabolite biosynthesis. Here, we explored the response of metabolites to MeJA elicitation in C. pilosula adventitious roots and multiple shoots. The results showed that the biomass, polysaccharide, and lobetyolin content of adventitious roots exhibited the highest increases with 100 µmol·L−1 MeJA at the 16th day of subculture, whereas the atractylenolide III (a terpenoid) content increased extremely with 50 µmol·L−1 MeJA treatment at the 7th day of subculture. In addition, the biomass and lobetyolin content significantly increased at the 4th day after treatment. Similarly, the polysaccharide and lobetyolin content increased in multiple shoots. Further identification of different metabolites responding to MeJA by 1H-NMR showed an extremely significant increase of the lobetyolinin level, which coincided with lobetyolin. Accordingly, the precursor, fatty acids, showed a highly significant decrease in their levels. Furthermore, a significant increase in β-d-fructose-butanol glycoside was detected, which was accompanied by a decrease in the sucrose level. Accordingly, the enzyme genes responsible for terpenoid and carbohydrate biosynthesis, CpUGPase, and CpPMK, were up regulated. In conclusion, MeJA promoted culture growth and accelerated bioactive metabolite accumulation by regulating the expression of the metabolite biosynthesis related genes, CpUGPase and CpPMK in C. pilosula.

The relationship between aggregation and other soil properties in cracking clay soils

Soil Research ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Coughlan ◽  
RJ Loch
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Coarse Surface ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dispersion Ratio

This paper explores the processes responsible for clay dispersion, and the formation of large dry aggregates, in cracking clay soils. It also isolates the soil factors causing variations in dry aggregate size using regression analysis. Twelve cracking clay soil samples were selected on visual differences in dry aggregate size distribution following seedbed preparation, and a range of soil structural and chemical properties were measured. The per cent dry aggregates > 5 mm was found to increase with resistance to mechanical abrasion, stability to wet sieving after capillary wetting, and dispersion ratio, indicating that large dry aggregates are formed as a result of binding by dispersed clay. Both raindrop impact and puddling by cultivation may be involved in dispersion. There was a strong relationship between dry aggregate size in the 0-10 cm layer and salt content in the subsurface (60-90 cm) layer. Coarse surface aggregation is explained in terms of limited profile hydraulic conductivity. For the soils studied, the properties of the surface layer appear to be responsible, at least in part, for the limitation in profile hydraulic conductivity. Dry aggregate size in the 0-10 cm layer was not simply correlated with any of the chemical properties of that layer. However, equations containing two (ESP and CEC per gram of clay) or three (ESP, per cent clay and CEC) independent variables were derived to explain variations in dry aggregate size, both for the 12 soils studied and for a wider range of Queensland cracking clay soils.

Effect of Coarse Aggregate Morphology on the Resilient Modulus of Hot-Mix Asphalt

2005 ◽  
Vol 1929 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyan Pan ◽  
Erol Tutumluer ◽  
Samuel H. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Maximum Aggregate Size ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Aggregate Morphology ◽  
The Relationship

The resilient modulus measured in the indirect tensile mode according to ASTM D 4123 reflects effectively the elastic properties of asphalt mixtures under repeated load. The coarse aggregate morphology quantified by angularity and surface texture properties affects resilient modulus of asphalt mixes; however, the relationship is not yet well understood because of the lack of quantitative measurement of coarse aggregate morphology. This paper presents findings of a laboratory study aimed at investigating the effects of the material properties of the major component on the resilient modulus of asphalt mixes, with the coarse aggregate morphology considered as the principal factor. With modulus tests performed at a temperature of 25°C, using coarse aggregates with more irregular morphologies substantially improved the resilient modulus of asphalt mixtures. An imaging-based angularity index was found to be more closely related to the resilient modulus than an imaging-based surface texture index, as indicated by a higher value of the correlation coefficient. The stiffness of the asphalt binder also had a strong influence on modulus. When the resilient modulus data were grouped on the basis of binder stiffnesses, the agreement between the coarse aggregate morphology and the resilient modulus was significantly improved in each group. Although the changes in aggregate gradation did not significantly affect the relationship between the coarse aggregate morphology and the resilient modulus, decreasing the nominal maximum aggregate size from 19 mm to 9.5 mm indicated an increasing positive influence of aggregate morphology on the resilient modulus of asphalt mixes.

Developing a Contract Management System for FMCG Chain Retailing Companies in the Context of Digital Transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 786-795
Author(s):  
O. V. Voronova ◽  
I. V. Il’in ◽  
V. A. Sheleyko
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Contract Management ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Efficient Contract ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. The presented study aims to develop and describe a contract management system for FMCG chain retailing companies in the context of the digital transformation of the economy.Tasks. The authors examine the specific aspects of developing a contract management system for chain retailing companies; develop a classification of contracts by sector of activity and outline the landscape of the contract management process; create and describe a system for managing contracts.Methods. The methodological basis of this study includes conceptual representations of the contract management system, which make it possible to apply a systems approach, generalization, grouping, methods of formal system representation, and socio-economic experimentation.Results. The study examines the specific aspects of developing a contract management system for chain retailing companies in the context of the digital transformation of the economy, describing the major types of contracts used by these companies. The contracts are classified by sector of activity, and the landscape of the contract management process is outlined. Its individual units correspond to the Deming cycle and represent a cyclically repeating decision-making process.Conclusions. As a result, a contract management system for chain retailing companies is proposed, and the relationship between the management subsystem and the system of requirements for the architecture of business services in the field of contract management is determined. It is shown that successful implementation of an efficient contract management system requires preliminary work to identify requirements for the architecture of business services. Taking into account these requirements in the modeling of architectural solutions and integrating them into the business architecture will ensure high-quality contract management through the optimization of the company’s resources and highly efficient regulation of the relationship between the stakeholders and counterparties of chain retailing companies.

The stabilization of morphological field size during slime mold morphogenesis

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Michael Peacock ◽  
David R. Soll
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Slime Mold ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Cellular Slime Mold ◽  
Slime Mold Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Cellular Slime ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tip Formation

The relationship between aggregate size and morphological field size has been investigated in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Evidence is presented that aggregate size and field size exhibit different temperature sensitivities and that an aggregate can be induced to separate into several morphological fields by a decrease in temperature. In addition, evidence is presented that field size is stabilized at a point in time just prior to tip formation.

The Importance of Systems Methodologies for Industrial and Scientific National Wealthy and Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Miroljub Kljajic
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between industrial and scientific knowledge and systems methodologies is discussed in this paper. As the measure of the former on the macro level, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is assumed to be the consequence of systems’ Research and Development (R&D), which is estimated indirectly by the number of articles published in academic journals in the last 40 years. It is assumed that Production, Management and Information Systems (IS) can be considered suitable main representatives of the quality of organizational processes and that GDP is their consequence. In turn, the Systems Approach (SA), Systems Engineering (SE), Operational Research (OR), Information Systems Development (ISD) and Simulation represent the methodology set for coping with organizational complex processes. We looked for the articles containing the aforementioned variables as topic keywords in core scientific databases. Results show a sufficient correlation between the number of publications and the GDP.

scholarly journals Methyl Jasmonate Induced Oxidative Stress and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Plant Cell and Organ Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Tam Ho ◽  
Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy ◽  
So-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Organ Cultures

Recently, plant secondary metabolites are considered as important sources of pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavours, cosmetics, and other industrial products. The accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant cell and organ cultures often occurs when cultures are subjected to varied kinds of stresses including elicitors or signal molecules. Application of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) is responsible for the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent defence mechanisms in cultured cells and organs. It is also responsible for the induction of signal transduction, the expression of many defence genes followed by the accumulation of secondary metabolites. In this review, the application of exogenous MJ elicitation strategies on the induction of defence mechanism and secondary metabolite accumulation in cell and organ cultures is introduced and discussed. The information presented here is useful for efficient large-scale production of plant secondary metabolites by the plant cell and organ cultures.

Push-pull for the video clip: a systems approach to the relationship between the phonogram/videogram industry and music television

Popular Music ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Wallis ◽  
Krister Malm
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Recorded Music ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Music Television ◽  
Music Recordings ◽  
The Relationship

Using pictures to sell music is hardly a new concept. Examples of pictures being set to pre-recorded music with the aim of producing a piece of audio-visual entertainment can be found as early as the first decade of this century. At the Paris World Fair in 1900, stars of the theatre appeared in short film sketches with synchronised gramophone sound (Olsson 1986). From 1905 through to about 1914 in Sweden, a number of commercially available music recordings were used as the basis of short films which were shown in cinemas with various types of mechanical inventions and much human ingenuity being applied to ensure, though not always achieving, synchronisation. Those portrayed in the films were often actors who mimed the songs (Furhammar 1985, 1988).

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