scholarly journals Alterations of Selected Hemorheological and Metabolic Parameters Induced by Physical Activity in Untrained Men and Sportsmen

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Sandor Szanto ◽  
Tobias Mody ◽  
Zsuzsanna Gyurcsik ◽  
Laszlo Balint Babjak ◽  
Viktoria Somogyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Rbc Aggregation ◽  
Rbc Deformability

Optimal tissue oxygen supply is essential for proper athletic performance and endurance. It also depends on perfusion, so on hemorheological properties and microcirculation. Regular exercise is beneficial to the rheological status, depending on its type, intensity, and duration. We aimed to investigate macro and microrheological changes due to short, high-intensity exercise in professional athletes (soccer and ice hockey players) and untrained individuals. The exercise was performed on a treadmill ergometer during a spiroergometry examination. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise to analyze lactate concentration, hematological parameters, blood and plasma viscosity, and red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation. Leukocyte, RBC and platelet counts, and blood viscosity increased with exercise, by the largest magnitude in the untrained group. RBC deformability slightly impaired after exercise, but showed better values in ice hockey versus soccer players. RBC aggregation increased with exercise, dominantly in ice hockey players. Lactate increased mostly in soccer players, and the respiratory exchange rate was the lowest in ice hockey players. Overall, short, high-intensity exercise altered macro and microrheological parameters, mostly in the untrained group. Significant differences were found between the two sports. The data can be useful in training status monitoring, selection, and in revealing the causes of physical loading symptoms.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Lactate Release Mediates Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Hippocampus of Mice via Monocarboxylate Transporters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonghyuk Park ◽  
Jimmy Kim ◽  
Toshio Mikami
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Mtdna Copy Number ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Extracellular Lactate ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Brain

Regular exercise training induces mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). However, it remains unclear whether a single bout of exercise would increase mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain. Therefore, we first investigated whether mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus is affected by a single bout of exercise in mice. A single bout of high-intensity exercise, but not low- or moderate-intensity, increased hippocampal PGC-1α mRNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number at 12 and 48h. These results depended on exercise intensity, and blood lactate levels observed immediately after exercise. As lactate induces mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain, we examined the effects of acute lactate administration on blood and hippocampal extracellular lactate concentration by in vivo microdialysis. Intraperitoneal (I.P.) lactate injection increased hippocampal extracellular lactate concentration to the same as blood lactate level, promoting PGC-1α mRNA expression in the hippocampus. However, this was suppressed by administering UK5099, a lactate transporter inhibitor, before lactate injection. I.P. UK5099 administration did not affect running performance and blood lactate concentration immediately after exercise but attenuated exercise-induced hippocampal PGC-1α mRNA and mtDNA copy number. In addition, hippocampal monocarboxylate transporters (MCT)1, MCT2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression, except MCT4, also increased after high-intensity exercise, which was abolished by UK5099 administration. Further, injection of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor) into the hippocampus before high-intensity exercise suppressed glycogen consumption during exercise, but hippocampal lactate, PGC-1α, MCT1, and MCT2 mRNA concentrations were not altered after exercise. These results indicate that the increased blood lactate released from skeletal muscle may induce hippocampal mitochondrial biogenesis and BDNF expression by inducing MCT expression in mice, especially during short-term high-intensity exercise. Thus, a single bout of exercise above the lactate threshold could provide an effective strategy for increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus.

Preexercise hypervolemia does not affect arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbreds performing short-term high-intensity exercise

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2135-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murli Manohar ◽  
Thomas E. Goetz ◽  
Aslam S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arterial Hypoxemia

It is reported that preexercise hyperhydration caused arterial O2 tension of horses performing submaximal exercise to decrease further by 15 Torr (Sosa-Leon L, Hodgson DR, Evans DL, Ray SP, Carlson GP, and Rose RJ. Equine Vet J Suppl 34: 425–429, 2002). Because hydration status is important to optimal athletic performance and thermoregulation during exercise, the present study examined whether preexercise induction of hypervolemia would similarly accentuate the arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbreds performing short-term high-intensity exercise. Two sets of experiments (namely, control and hypervolemia studies) were carried out on seven healthy, exercise-trained Thoroughbred horses in random order, 7 days apart. In resting horses, an 18.0 ± 1.8% increase in plasma volume was induced with NaCl (0.30–0.45 g/kg dissolved in 1,500 ml H2O) administered via a nasogastric tube, 285–290 min preexercise. Blood-gas and pH measurements as well as concentrations of plasma protein, hemoglobin, and blood lactate were determined at rest and during incremental exercise leading to maximal exertion (14 m/s on a 3.5% uphill grade) that induced pulmonary hemorrhage in all horses in both treatments. In both treatments, significant arterial hypoxemia, desaturation of hemoglobin, hypercapnia, acidosis, and hyperthermia developed during maximal exercise, but statistically significant differences between treatments were not found. Thus preexercise 18% expansion of plasma volume failed to significantly affect the development and/or severity of arterial hypoxemia in Thoroughbreds performing maximal exercise. Although blood lactate concentration and arterial pH were unaffected, hemodilution caused in this manner resulted in a significant ( P < 0.01) attenuation of the exercise-induced expansion of the arterial-to-mixed venous blood O2 content gradient.

scholarly journals Measuring the Hip Adductor to Abductor Strength Ratio in Ice Hockey and Soccer Players: A Critically Appraised Topic

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Robert Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Abductor Strength

Clinical Scenario: Ice hockey and soccer are both dynamic sports that involve continuous, unpredictable play. These athletes consistently demonstrate higher rates of groin strains compared with other contact sports. Measuring the hip adductor/abductor ratio has the potential to expose at-risk players, reduce injury rates, and preserve groin health in players with chronic strains. Focused Clinical Question: What is the clinical utility of measuring the hip adductor/abductor ratio for preseason and in-season ice hockey and soccer players? Summary of Key Findings: Three studies, all of which were prospective cohort designs, were included. One study involved assessing preseason strength and flexibility as a risk factor for adductor strains in professional ice hockey players. Another study performed with the same professional hockey team used preseason hip adductor/abductor strength ratios to screen for those players who would benefit from a strengthening intervention aimed at reducing the incidence of adductor strains. The final study, which was performed in elite U17 soccer players, assessed the effectiveness of monthly in-season strength monitoring as a guide to trigger in-season interventions to decrease injury incidence. Clinical Bottom Line: Measuring the hip adductor/abductor strength ratio in hockey and soccer players can be a beneficial preseason and in-season tool to predict future groin strain risk and screen for athletes who might benefit from a strengthening intervention. Strength of Recommendation: Level 3 evidence exists to support monitoring the hip adductor/abductor strength ratio to assess and reduce the risk of adductor strains in ice hockey and soccer players.

scholarly journals The effects of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a quasi-experimental study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dhahawi Alanazi ◽  
Katy Mitchell ◽  
Toni Roddey ◽  
Aqeel M. Alenazi ◽  
Msaad M. Alzhrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Landing Biomechanics ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Abstract Background We aimed to examine the effect of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics in soccer players who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and non-injured soccer players during a soccer-specific landing maneuver. Methods Eighteen soccer players who underwent ACLR and 18 normal soccer players were enrolled in this investigation (ACLR group; age, 26.11 ± 3.95 years; body mass index, 23.52 ± 2.69 kg/m2; surgery time, 5 ± 3.30 years: control group; age, 25.83 ± 3.51 years; body mass index, 24.09 ± 3.73 kg/m2, respectively). Participants were evaluated during the landing maneuver before and after carrying out the high-intensity exercise bout using the Wingate test. The intensity of the exercise was defined as a blood lactate accumulation of at least 4 mmol/L. The dependent variables included sagittal-plane kinematics and kinetics of the ankle, knee and hip joints, and electromyography activity of the gastrocnemius, hamstrings, quadriceps, and gluteus maximus. Results On 2 × 2 analysis of variance, none of the dependent variable showed significant exercise×group interactions. Regardless of group, significant main effects of exercise were found. Post-exercise landing was characterized by increased flexion of hip (p = 0.01), knee (p = 0.001), and ankle joints (p = 0.002); increased extension moments of hip (p = 0.009), knee (p = 0.012), and ankle joints (p = 0.003), as well as decreased quadriceps activity (p = 0.007). Conclusion At 1 year or more post-ACLR, the effect of the high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics is not expected to differ from that experienced by healthy soccer players.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL CONDITIONING OF TEENAGERS IN DIFFERENT KIND OF SPORTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Uģis Ciematnieks ◽  
Beāte Streiķe
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
Athletic Development

Physical conditioning is crucial in building motion skills if the coach wants to ensure long-term athletic development. The essence is that physical conditioning needs to be developed before the development of technical skills of sports movements at a much higher intensity at each stage of the multi-annual training process. The adult competition system and training programs are being imposed on young athletes, so the essential motion skills are not being learned (Grāvītis @ Luika, 2015). The lack of physical conditioning in teenage years is very often reflected in the most inappropriate moments of an athlete's career, at the elite level. Insufficient physical conditioning is a reason for the instability of motion skills and injuries in extreme physical and psychological loads. The amount of physical activity can be measured as a step count. The aim of the research is to assess physical fitness rate for children practicing basketball, football or ice hockey with EUROFIT test battery. The study included boys, 100 basketball players, 100 soccer players and 100 ice hockey players from Latvia who were born in 2002 and started training in their sport during at the ages from 7 to 9, collected data of their conditioning for five years, divided into three age groups. According to EUROFIT tests, it was concluded that the ice hockey players have the highest physical conditioning rates according to EUROFIT standard from the athletes analyzed, and the basketball players have the lowest physical conditioning rates in EUROFIT tests from the athletes analyzed. We can conclude that the results of hockey players are higher than the scores of basketball and soccer players because ice hockey players practice more frequently, and dryland training is strictly organized, they develop all motor abilities that is needed for successive training in basic drills on ice.  

scholarly journals High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Performed on the Sand Induces Higher Internal Load Demands in Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Cetolin ◽  
Anderson Santiago Teixeira ◽  
Juliano Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Alessandro Haupenthal ◽  
Fábio Yuzo Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Shuttle Run

This study aimed to examine the acute physiological effect of shuttle-run-based high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) performed at the same relative speed (i. e., 100% PST−CAR) on sand (SAND) and grass (GRASS) in male junior soccer players. Seven Under-23 Brazilian national league (“Série A”) soccer players completed four testing sessions in either SAND or GRASS surface condition. The first two testing sessions consisted of performing a maximal progressive shuttle-run field protocol until volitional exhaustion (Carminatti's test, T-CAR), whereas the third and fourth sessions comprised a HIIE session on each ground surface. The HIIE session consisted of three 5-min bouts [12 s shuttle-run (with a direction change every 6 s)/12 s of passive rest] performed at 100% of T-CAR peak speed (PST−CAR) with 3 min of passive recovery between sets. Measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration ([La]), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were performed during all conditions. The SAND condition elicited significantly higher %VO2peak (94.58 ± 2.73 vs. 87.45 ± 3.31%, p &lt; 0.001, d = 2.35), %HRpeak (93.89 ± 2.63 vs. 90.31 ± 2.87%, p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.30), RPE (8.00 ± 0.91 vs. 4.95 ± 1.23 a.u., p &lt; 0.001, d = 2.82), and [La] (10.76 ± 2.37 vs. 5.48 ± 1.13 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.010, d = 2.84). This study showed that higher internal workloads are experienced by the players during a single HIIE session performed on a softer surface as SAND, even when the exercise intensity was individualized based on 100%PST−CAR.

Repeated-sprint ability in professional and amateur soccer players

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermanno Rampinini ◽  
Aldo Sassi ◽  
Andrea Morelli ◽  
Stefano Mazzoni ◽  
Maurizio Fanchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Repeated Sprint Ability ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Sprint Ability

This study investigated the repeated-sprint ability (RSA) physiological responses to a standardized, high-intensity, intermittent running test (HIT), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), and oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics in male soccer players (professional (N = 12) and amateur (N = 11)) of different playing standards. The relationships between each of these factors and RSA performance were determined. Mean RSA time (RSAmean) and RSA decrement were related to the physiological responses to HIT (blood lactate concentration ([La–]), r = 0.66 and 0.77; blood bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3–]), r = –0.71 and –0.75; and blood hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]),r = 0.61 and 0.73; all p < 0.05), VO2 max (r = –0.45 and –0.65, p < 0.05), and time constant (τ) in VO2 kinetics (r = 0.62 and 0.62, p < 0.05). VO2 max was not different between playing standards (58.5 ± 4.0 vs. 56.3 ± 4.5 mL·kg–1·min–1; p = 0.227); however, the professional players demonstrated better RSAmean (7.17 ± 0.09 vs. 7.41 ± 0.19 s; p = 0.001), lower [La–] (5.7 ± 1.5 vs. 8.2 ± 2.2 mmol·L–1; p = 0.004), lower [H+] (46.5 ± 5.3 vs. 52.2 ± 3.4 mmol·L–1; p = 0.007), and higher [HCO3–] (20.1 ± 2.1 vs. 17.7 ± 1.7 mmol·L–1; p = 0.006) after the HIT, and a shorter τ in VO2 kinetics (27.2 ± 3.5 vs. 32.3 ± 6.0 s; p = 0.019). These results show that RSA performance, the physiological response to the HIT, and τ differentiate between professional- and amateur-standard soccer players. Our results also show that RSA performance is related to VO2 max, τ, and selected physiological responses to a standardized, high-intensity, intermittent exercise.

Physiological Response, Time–Motion Characteristics, and Reproducibility of Various Speed-Endurance Drills in Elite Youth Soccer Players: Small-Sided Games Versus Generic Running

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Ade ◽  
Jamie A. Harley ◽  
Paul S. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Motion Characteristics

Purpose:To quantify the physiological responses, time–motion characteristics, and reproducibility of various speed-endurance-production (SEP) and speed-endurance-maintenance (SEM) drills.Methods:Sixteen elite male youth soccer players completed 4 drills: SEP 1 v 1 small-sided game (SSG), SEP running drill, SEM 2 v 2 SSG, and SEM running drill. Heart-rate response, blood lactate concentration, subjective rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and time–motion characteristics were recorded for each drill.Results:The SEP and SEM running drills elicited greater (P < .05) heart-rate responses, blood lactate concentrations, and RPE than the respective SSGs (ES 1.1–1.4 and 1.0–3.2). Players covered less (P < .01) total distance and high-intensity distance in the SEP and SEM SSGs than in the respective running drills (ES 6.0–22.1 and 3.0–18.4). Greater distances (P < .01) were covered in high to maximum acceleration/deceleration bands during the SEP and SEM SSGs than the respective running drills (ES 2.6–4.6 and 2.3–4.8). The SEP SSG and generic running protocols produced greater (P < .05) blood lactate concentrations than the respective SEM protocols (ES 1.2–1.7). Small to moderate test–retest variability was observed for heart-rate response (CV 0.9–1.9%), RPE (CV 2.9–5.7%), and blood lactate concentration (CV 9.9–14.4%); moderate to large test–retest variability was observed for high-intensity-running parameters (CV > 11.3%) and the majority of accelerations/deceleration distances (CV > 9.8%) for each drill.Conclusions:The data demonstrate the potential to tax the anaerobic energy system to different extents using speed-endurance SSGs and that SSGs elicit greater acceleration/deceleration load than generic running drills.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document