scholarly journals In-Fiber BaTiO3 Microsphere Resonator for High-Sensitivity Temperature Measurement

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Chi Li ◽  
Meng Zhu ◽  
Peng Ji ◽  
Cong Xiong ◽  
Changrui Liao
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Polymer Waveguide ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Core Fiber

A fiber optic whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator was proposed and realized by integrating an inline polymer waveguide with a microsphere mounted on it. The polymer waveguide with a diameter of 1 μm was printed with femtosecond laser-assisted multiphoton polymerization in a section of a grooved hollow-core fiber, which was sandwiched between two single-mode fibers. Two WGW resonators assembled with microspheres of different sizes were prepared. The transmission spectra of those stimulated WGMs were investigated both in simulation and experimentally. The temperature response of the resonators was particularly studied, and a linear sensitivity of −593 pm/°C was achieved from 20 °C to 100 °C.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Enhancement of Curvature Fiber Sensor Based on Polymer-Coated Capillary Hollow-Core Fiber

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. Herrera-Piad ◽  
Iván Hernández-Romano ◽  
Daniel A. May-Arrioja ◽  
Vladimir P. Minkovich ◽  
Miguel Torres-Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Optic Sensor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Core Fiber

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple technique to enhance the curvature sensitivity of a bending fiber optic sensor based on anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) guidance. The sensing structure is assembled by splicing a segment of capillary hollow-core fiber (CHCF) between two single-mode fibers (SMF), and the device is set on a steel sheet for measuring different curvatures. Without any surface treatment, the ARROW sensor exhibits a curvature sensitivity of 1.6 dB/m−1 in a curvature range from 0 to 2.14 m−1. By carefully coating half of the CHCF length with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the curvature sensitivity of the ARROW sensor is enhanced to −5.62 dB/m−1, as well as an increment in the curvature range (from 0 to 2.68 m−1). Moreover, the covered device exhibits a low-temperature sensitivity (0.038 dB/°C), meaning that temperature fluctuations do not compromise the bending fiber optic sensor operation. The ARROW sensor fabricated with this technique has high sensitivity and a wide range for curvature measurements, with the advantage that the technique is cost-effective and easy to implement. All these features make this technique appealing for real sensing applications, such as structural health monitoring.

Fabrication, Characterization and Microsensing of Whispering-Gallery Mode Micro-Coupling Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiulin Ma ◽  
Tobias Rossmann ◽  
Zhixiong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Micro Sensor

An optical micro-coupling system of whispering-gallery mode usually consists of a resonator (e.g. a sphere) and a coupler (e.g. a taper). In this report, silica microspheres of 50–500 μm in diameter are fabricated by hydrogen flame fusing of an end of a single mode fiber or fiber taper. Fiber tapers are fabricated by the method of heating and pulling that meets an adiabatic condition. Taper’s waist diameter can routinely be made less than 1 μm and almost zero transmission loss in a taper is achieved which allows an effective and phase-matched coupling for a wide range sizes of microspheres. Both resonators and couplers’ surface microstructure and shapes are examined by scanning electronic microscopy. Three regimes of coupling are achieved, enabling a good flexibility to control Q value and coupling efficiency of a micro-coupling system. Whispering gallery mode shift is used to demonstrate a novel temperature micro-sensor. Its sensitivity determined from actual experimental results agrees well with the theoretical value. A concept of using the photon’s cavity ring down (CRD) in the microsphere to make a novel high-sensitivity trace gas micro-sensor is proposed. The CRD time constant when ammonia is chosen as the analyte gas is predicted using the simulated absorption lines.

scholarly journals Hollow-Core Fiber-Tip Interferometric High-Temperature Sensor Operating at 1100 °C with High Linearity

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Baijie Xu ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Weijia Bao ◽  
Xizhen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
High Linearity ◽  
High Temperature Measurement ◽  
Core Fiber

Over decades, fiber-optic temperature sensors based on conventional single-mode fibers (SMF) have been demonstrated with either high linearity and stability in a limited temperature region or poor linearity and thermal hysteresis in a high-temperature measurement range. For high-temperature measurements, isothermal annealing is typically necessary for the fiber-optic sensors, aiming at releasing the residual stress, eliminating the thermal hysteresis and, thus, improving the high-temperature measurement linearity and stability. In this article, an annealing-free fiber-optic high-temperature (1100 °C) sensor based on a diaphragm-free hollow-core fiber (HCF) Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed sensor exhibits an excellent thermal stability and linearity (R2 > 0.99 in a 100–1100 °C range) without the need for high-temperature annealing. The proposed sensor is extremely simple in preparation, and the annealing-free property can reduce the cost of sensor production significantly, which is promising in mass production and industry applications.

scholarly journals Splitting of resonances in a curved optical fiber-based Fabry-Perot resonator

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
A.V. Dyshlyuk ◽  
U.A. Eryusheva ◽  
O.B. Vitirk
Keyword(s):  
Single Mode ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Transmission Spectra ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Reflection And Transmission ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
Basic Parameters

In this work, the splitting of resonance lines in a Fabry-Perot resonator formed by a section of a standard curved single-mode fiber with metal-coated ends is investigated numerically and experimentally. It is shown that this splitting is similar to the Autler-Townes splitting and results from a strong coupling between the fundamental mode of the core and the whispering gallery mode of the cladding of the curved fiber. The influence of all basic parameters of the curved resonator on the splitting of its resonance lines in the reflection and transmission spectra is considered. Prospects for the practical application of the effects studied for high-resolution optical refractometry, as well as the direction of further research are outlined.

High-sensitivity fiber optic magnetic field sensor based on lossy mode resonance and hollow core-offset structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xue-Peng Jin ◽  
Hong-Zhi Sun ◽  
Shuo-Wei Jin ◽  
Wan-Ming Zhao ◽  
Jing-Ren Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensor ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Field Sensor

scholarly journals Optical whispering-gallery mode barcodes for high-precision and wide-range temperature measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liao ◽  
Lan Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Multiple Modes ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Sensing

AbstractTemperature is one of the most fundamental physical properties to characterize various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Even a slight change in temperature could have an impact on the status or dynamics of a system. Thus, there is a great need for high-precision and large-dynamic-range temperature measurements. Conventional temperature sensors encounter difficulties in high-precision thermal sensing on the submicron scale. Recently, optical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) sensors have shown promise for many sensing applications, such as thermal sensing, magnetic detection, and biosensing. However, despite their superior sensitivity, the conventional sensing method for WGM resonators relies on tracking the changes in a single mode, which limits the dynamic range constrained by the laser source that has to be fine-tuned in a timely manner to follow the selected mode during the measurement. Moreover, we cannot derive the actual temperature from the spectrum directly but rather derive a relative temperature change. Here, we demonstrate an optical WGM barcode technique involving simultaneous monitoring of the patterns of multiple modes that can provide a direct temperature readout from the spectrum. The measurement relies on the patterns of multiple modes in the WGM spectrum instead of the changes of a particular mode. It can provide us with more information than the single-mode spectrum, such as the precise measurement of actual temperatures. Leveraging the high sensitivity of WGMs and eliminating the need to monitor particular modes, this work lays the foundation for developing a high-performance temperature sensor with not only superior sensitivity but also a broad dynamic range.

Fiber-optic Michelson interferometer based on α-Fe2O3/ZrO2 sensing membrane and its application in trace fluoride-ion detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zizheng Yue ◽  
Wenlin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Silver Film ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Ion Detection ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Sensing Membrane

Abstract In this work, a fiber-optic fluoride-ion-detection Michelson interferometer based on the thin-core fiber (TCF) and no-core fiber (NCF) coated with α-Fe2O3/ZrO2 sensing film is proposed and presented. The single-mode fiber (SMF) is spliced with the TCF and NCF in turn, and a waist-enlarged taper is spliced between them. Then, a silver film is plated on the end face of NCF to enhance the reflection. After the absorption of fluoride ion by the sensing film, the effective refractive index (RI) of the coated cladding will change, which leads to the regular red shift of the interference dip with the increasing fluoride-ion concentration. Thus, the fluoride-ion concentrations can be determined according to the corresponding dip wavelength shifts. The results show that the sensor has an excellent linear response (R 2 = 0.995) with good sensitivity (8.970 nm/ppm) when the fluoride-ion concentration is in the range of 0–1.5 ppm. The response time is about 15 s. The sensor has the advantage of good selectivity, good temperature and pH stabilities, and can be applied to detect fluoride ion effectively.

An intensity modulated fiber-optic carbon monoxide sensor based on Ag/Co-MOF in-situ coated thin-core fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Wang ◽  
Juncheng Zhou ◽  
Yuhao Chen ◽  
Liu Xiao ◽  
Guojia Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intensity Modulated ◽  
Core Fiber

Abstract An intensity modulated fiber-optic carbon monoxide (CO) sensor by integrating in-situ solvothermal-growth Ag/Co-MOF sensing film is fabricated and evaluated. The Michelson interference sensing structure is composed of single-mode fiber (SMF), enlarged taper, thin-core fiber (TCF), and Ag film as the reflector. Ag/Co-MOF was coated on the cladding of the TCF as the sensing material, and the enlarged taper is located between TCF and SMF as the coupler. The structure, morphology, compositions and thermal stability of the Ag/Co-MOF sensing film were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), etc. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.04515 dB/ppm, and the fitting parameter of the CO concentration is 0.99876. In addition, the sensor has the advantages of good selectivity, good signal and temperature stability, and it has potential application in trace CO detection.

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