scholarly journals Research Advances of Soil Corrosion of Grounding Grids

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Yuxiang Liao ◽  
Xue Gao ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Stray Current ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Soil Corrosion ◽  
Grounding Grid ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Grounding Grids ◽  
The Impact

A grounding grid plays the role of discharging current and balancing voltage to ensure the safety of the power system. However, soil corrosion can damage the grounding grid, which then can endanger the safe operation of power system. This paper reviewed recent research advances of soil corrosion of grounding grid. The cause, mechanism, types, and influencing factors of soil corrosion of grounding grids were summarized, and the corresponding detection technology and protective measures were also introduced. The paper pointed out that soil corrosion is a serious threat to the grounding grid system. Moreover, the impact mechanism of AC stray current, new corrosion detection technology, and better protective measures still need in-depth research.

scholarly journals Advances and Challenges of Corrosion and Topology Detection of Grounding Grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Fu ◽  
Xiujuan Wang ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Xu ◽  
Nengyi Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Detection Distance ◽  
Intelligent Computing ◽  
Corrosion Detection ◽  
Electromagnetic Imaging ◽  
Grounding Grid ◽  
Detection Technology

The grounding device plays performs the role of releasing a lightning current and a fault current in the power system, and the corrosion of the conductor will cause damage to the grounding body, which threatens the safe operation of the power system. The grounding grid corrosion detection technology and equipment guarantee the safe operation of the power system. This paper discusses the research status of grounding corrosion and topological detection in detail and introduces the basic principles, research difficulties and existing problems of the methods such as the electric network method, electromagnetic field method, electrochemical method, ultrasonic detection method and electromagnetic imaging method. The methods of electromagnetic imaging and time difference positioning proposed in recent years have been also discussed in detail. The paper points out that the application of grounding grid corrosion detection distance engineering still faces great challenges and that multi-disciplinary, multi-information fusion, new sensing technology, big data platforms and intelligent computing will be the trends to follow in research on grounding grid fault, corrosion detection and life prediction.

Applications of Lagrange-Quasi-Newton Method in Power System Steady-State Security Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1332-1336
Author(s):  
Zhong Cheng Li ◽  
Bu Han Zhang ◽  
Cheng Xiong Mao ◽  
Kui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
System Security ◽  
Power System Security ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
State Security ◽  
Security Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quasi Newton

With the proportion of the installed capacity of wind farm in the grid increasing, the impact of wind farm on the power system security becomes obvious. The steady-state security analysis is one of the important measures to improve the power system security. Based on DC flow, considering the available transmission capability limit, the paper chooses the biggest security region volume as objective function with the upper and lower limits of security region multi-dimensional cuboid being as control variables, which transforms the maximum steady-state security region into nonlinear programming problem with linear constraints. This not only includes the biggest points for the safe operation, but also the order expansion problem doesn’t exist. Then Lagrange-Quasi-Newton is used to solve the equation, and the analysis of the example proves the feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm. Then we assume that wind speed distribution is weibull distribution, so we can assess the safe operation probability of wind power.

SURFACE MICRODEFECTS AS A CAUSAL FACTOR OF FORMATION OF CRACKS ON THE CAR WINDSCREEN

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-689
Author(s):  
Переверзев ◽  
A. Pereverzev ◽  
Семенихин ◽  
B. Semenikhin
Keyword(s):  
Causal Factor ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Formation Of Cracks ◽  
The Impact

The article sets out the impact of automotive glass to the safe operation of the vehicle, basic notions of the strength of glass that explain demonstratively strengthening characteristics of glass and demonstrate an important role of surface microdefects and protection methods from them. In addition, this article offers an alternative method of protection

Electrochemical Evaluation Method for Soil Corrosion Properties in Grid Substation

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Pei ◽  
Jing Fu ◽  
Fa Yuan Wu ◽  
Lei Jing Wang ◽  
Xiao Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Corrosion Failure ◽  
Soil Corrosion ◽  
Grounding Grids ◽  
Soil Corrosivity ◽  
Electrochemical Evaluation

Soil corrosion is the main reason of corrosion failure for substation grounding grids. To explore electrochemical evaluation method for soil corrosion of substation grounding grids would effectively ensure the safe operation of power grids. This paper discussed the main several kinds of soil corrosive electrochemical research methods and application. These methods played an important role on researching soil corrosion mechanism, soil corrosivity and corrosion behavior.

Study on AC Stray Current Corrosion Law of Buried Steel Pipelines

2012 ◽  
Vol 263-266 ◽  
pp. 448-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hua Wang ◽  
Guo Yong Yang ◽  
Hai Huang ◽  
Zhenhua Chen ◽  
Li Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Stray Current ◽  
Soil Resistivity ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
The Impact

AC stray current can cause AC corrosion and destroy the safe operation of buried pipelines, which comes mainly from nearby high voltage transmission lines and AC electric railway. The research and evaluation lags far behind DC stray current at home and abroad, besides, the AC current density measuring procedures are complex. Through experimental study of different parameters on the impact of the AC current density established a mathematical model of damaged area, soil resistivity, pipe-to-soil potential and coating resistivity. With it can indirectly get the AC current density, which improve efficiency by simplifying the measuring procedures. Also, provide a basis for harmfulness evaluation of AC stray current by studying the impact of AC current density on the corrosion rate.

Evaluation Study of Grounding Grids Based on Gray Clustering

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 550-554
Author(s):  
Jiang Xia Cui ◽  
Jing Yi Du
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Grey System Theory ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Grounding Grid ◽  
Grey Clustering ◽  
Grounding Grids ◽  
The Relationship

Grounding grid is an important device which ensures the safe operation of substation. Its corrosion is influenced by various factors and the influence of these factors is varied. It is difficult to infer the relationship between the corrosion rate and its influencing factors, so this paper apply the grey clustering method of grey system theory in the grounding grid corrosion and gives an application instance and realizes it by MATLAB. The results demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of the method mentioned in this paper. This method can provide reference for high reliability for related departments in the implementation of emergency situation due to grounding grid corrosion.

scholarly journals To the assessment of the role of national traits in the processes of the safe operation of nuclear power facilities maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
Alexandr Karyakin ◽  
Vladimi Velikorossov ◽  
Maksim Maksimov ◽  
Natalia Alekseevna Prodanova ◽  
Ona Grazyna Rakauskiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
National Context ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Power Safety ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Objectives

One of the features of the post-Fukushima development of nuclear technologies in terms of the impact of the human factor on safety is the analysis of the national context in the safety culture. The starting point for this thesis is the transboundary nature of the nuclear power safety problem, which, in turn, depends on the ability of people to act together at the national and international levels. Thus, exploring how the national context influences decision-making and the performance of production objectives, and a better understanding of national cultural characteristics, is an important topic to be developed in this article.    

scholarly journals Protective Measures during Construction of Ground Structures over Existing Underground Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
A. A. Dalidovskaya ◽  
V. G. Pastushkov
Keyword(s):  
Strain State ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Impact

Today, there is an acute issue of ensuring the safe operation of buildings and structures located in the immediate vicinity of new construction. The process of performing works on the installation of load-bearing structures and their further operation can have a negative impact on already existing facilities. In this regard, the task of developing innovative methods and tools to ensure the safe operation of such structures as subway running tunnels is very urgent. To solve it, a reliable forecast of additional deformation and appointment of a complex of protective measures are required.  In addition, much attention should be paid to the numerical modeling of the system “surface structures – protective measures – underground structures”. As an example of assessing the impact of new construction, namely, the erection of surface structures over existing underground  ones, one  can  cite  the  construction  of  a transport  interchange  at  the  intersection  of  Nezavisimosty  Avenue with Filimonov Street. As protective measures, a protective screen on bored piles has been used here, which made it possible to minimize significantly dynamic and static effects on the lining of tunnels and other underground structures of the subway. Effectiveness of protection application is confirmed by the result of monitoring the stress-strain state of running tunnel structures at all stages of traffic  intersection construction. Protective measures and continuous monitoring of the stress-strain state in structures help to avoid accidents during construction and further operation. 

The effects of Cl− and direct stray current on soil corrosion of three grounding grid materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiping Zhu ◽  
Chun Shi ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Zhifeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Stray Current ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Soil Corrosion ◽  
Grounding Grid ◽  
Flat Steel

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of Cl− and direct stray current on the soil corrosion of three grounding grid materials. Design/methodology/approach The electrochemical corrosion properties of three grounding grid materials, which include the Q235 steel, Q235 galvanized flat steel and copper, were measured by means of the weak polarization curve method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; the corrosion rate of specimens was calculated using the weight loss method; and the specimen surfaces were characterized using the scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Findings Results showed that both factors, Cl− and direct stray current, can accelerate the corrosion rate of grounding grid materials. The magnitude of DC stray current density affected the mass transfer type and response frequency of the anode and cathode reaction of grounding materials, while the Cl− contents of the soil only affect the mass transfer rate of the electrode material from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy diagrams. The electric field generated by the DC stray current caused Cl− directed migration. The larger the DC stray current density, the greater the diffusion process and the greater the weight loss rate of the grounding grid materials that would have a logarithmic relationship with the Cl− content at the same DC stray current density. The corrosion resistance of the three materials is copper > Q235 galvanized flat steel > Q235 flat steel. Originality/value The paper provides information regarding the relationship among Cl−, direct stray current and corrosion of three grounding grid materials by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Meanwhile the weight loss rate is the logarithmic relationship with the Cl− content, which is useful for understanding the corrosion mechanism of Q235 steel, Q235 galvanized flat steel and copper under the condition of Cl− and direct stray current in soil.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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