scholarly journals Embedding of Ultrathin Chips in Highly Flexible, Photosensitive Solder Mask Resist

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Florian Janek ◽  
Nadine Eichhorn ◽  
Sascha Weser ◽  
Kerstin Gläser ◽  
Wolfgang Eberhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Edge Length ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Silicon Chips ◽  
Silver Ink ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Solder Mask

This work presents an embedding process for ultrathin silicon chips in mechanically flexible solder mask resist and their electrical contacting by inkjet printing. Photosensitive solder mask resist is applied by conformal spray coating onto epoxy bonded ultrathin chips with a daisy chain layout. The contact pads are opened by photolithography using UV direct light exposure. Circular and rectangular openings of 90 µm and 130 µm diameter, respectively, edge length are realized. Commercial inks containing nanoparticular silver and gold are inkjet printed to form conductive tracks between daisy chain structures. Different numbers of ink layers are applied. The track resistances are characterized by needle probing. Silver ink shows low resistances only for multiple layers and 90 µm openings, while gold ink exhibits low resistances in the single-digit Ω-range for minimum two printed layers.

Refrigerative Stereolithography Using Sol-Gel Transformable Photopolymer Resin and Direct Masking

2000 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Murakami ◽  
A. Kamimura ◽  
N. Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Layer ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fabrication Method ◽  
Resin Layer ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Section Shape

AbstractThe authors have been studying a new fabrication method termed “refrigerative stereolithography” which uses a gel resin layer instead of a liquid layer as in conventional stereolithography. This paper proposes the “direct masking method” in which a masking pattern is drawn to block direct light exposure to the surface of the gel resin layer. With such masks, we can avoid surplus growth only in the regions where it is unnecessary to improve height direction accuracy and resolution. Also, we can solidify the required section shape selectively using the masks and a lamp instead of laser scan patterns. The effectiveness of refrigerative stereolithography with the direct masking method is discussed and confirmed by some experimental results.

scholarly journals Indirect Restoration Thickness and Time after Light-Activation Effects on Degree of Conversion of Resin Cement

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Almeida Ayres ◽  
Carolina Bosso Andre ◽  
Rafael Rocha Pacheco ◽  
Adriana Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Renata Cantanhede Bacelar-Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
The Self ◽  
Diamond Surface ◽  
Light Activation ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Post Hoc

<p>This study evaluated the effects of indirect restorative materials, curing conditions and time on the degree of conversion (DC) of a dual-cured resin cement using infrared spectroscopy. The resin cement (RelyX Unicem 2, 3M ESPE) was applied to the diamond surface of a horizontal attenuated-total-reflectance unit and activated using one of following conditions: self-cure, direct light exposure, light exposure through indirect restorative materials (resin nano-ceramic: Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE or feldspathic ceramic: Vita Blocks Mark II, Vita Zahnfabrik). Four thicknesses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mm) of each indirect material were analyzed, and the light-activation was performed using a blue LED light. Data (n=5) were analyzed by three-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc and Dunnett's tests (α=5%). No significant differences in DC were observed between indirect materials of similar thickness. All groups exhibited higher DC after 10 min than after 5 min. At both times points, the self-cure group exhibited significantly lower DC than all the light exposure groups. Only when the overlying indirect restoration had a thickness of 2 mm did DC decrease significantly. The presence of a thick, indirect restoration can decrease the DC of resin cement. DC after 10 min was higher than after 5 min. The self-cure mode yielded lower DC than the light-activating one.</p>

scholarly journals Density and habitat characterization of Aedes sp. breeding places in dengue Endemic Area in Bandar Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
S Nurjanah ◽  
T Atmowidi ◽  
U K Hadi ◽  
D D Solihin ◽  
W Priawandiputra
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct Light

Abstract Aedes sp. are vectors of the dengue virus that causes Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The purposed of this study to analyze habitat characteristics of Aedes sp. based on the entomological index and measure the density and species of larvae Aedes sp. The research was analytic observational with a cross-sectional study was conducted 3 subdistricts of endemic in Bandar Lampung. The results showed that from 3 locations, namely Sukarame, Kemiling and Tanjung Seneng, the House Index (HI) values were 41, 38, 31, respectively. The Container Index (CI) values were 14, 12, 10 respectively and the Breteau index (BI) values were 105, 77, 60 respectively. The result of density figure (DF) were 5-6 which means the density of Aedes sp. were moderate to high. The result of identification of larvae were 3 species of mosquito were Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. The dominant spesies of larvae were found are Ae. aegypti. The characteristics of larvae habitat as a risk factor for increasing the density of mosquito in Bandar Lampung are buckets or container made of plastic or cement and dispenser, light colour, direct light exposure, 1-20 liters water volume, no cover container, no drainage, and no fish rearing.

Solution-processed perovskite thin-films: the journey from lab- to large-scale solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Saki ◽  
Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand ◽  
Nima Taghavinia ◽  
Mayank Kedia ◽  
Michael Saliba
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Solution Processed ◽  
Slot Die ◽  
Deposition Techniques

This review explores perovskite crystallization in scalable deposition techniques, including blade, slot-die, spray coating, and inkjet printing.

scholarly journals The Effect of Light Exposure on Water Sorption and Solubility of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaiane Rodrigues Aguiar ◽  
Carolina Bosso André ◽  
Gláucia Maria Boni Ambrosano ◽  
Marcelo Giannini
Keyword(s):  
Water Sorption ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Constant Mass ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Immersion Period ◽  
Effect Of Light

Purpose. To investigate the effect of light activation on the water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) of resin cements after 24 h and 7 days. Methods. Disk-shaped specimens were prepared using five dual-polymerized cements (four self-adhesive [RelyX Unicem, MaxCem, SeT and G-Cem] and one conventional [Panavia F 2.0]) and divided according to the curing mode (direct light exposure or self-cure) and water immersion period (24 h or 7 days). Specimens were dry-stored and weighed daily until a constant mass was recorded (M1). Then, specimens were stored in water for either 24 h or 7 days and immediately weighed (M2). After desiccation, specimens were weighed again until a constant mass was achieved (M3). WS and SL were calculated and statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.05%). Results. There was a significant increase in WS for all products after one-week immersion in water. The highest water uptake was observed for autopolymerized groups. Extended water immersion significantly affected the SL for most of autopolymerized cements. Significant differences between products were observed in both tests. Conclusions. The curing mode and the water immersion period may affect the mechanical stability of the resin cements, and these differences appear to be product-dependent.

Inkjet Printing of Customized Silver Ink for Cellulose Electro Active Paper

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-742
Author(s):  
Seongcheol Mun ◽  
Mohammad Abu Hasan Khondoker ◽  
Abdullahil Kafy ◽  
M.d. Mohiuddin ◽  
Jaehwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Silver Ink

scholarly journals Inkjet printing of metal nanoparticles for green UHF RFID tags

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Bruna Cruz ◽  
Andreas Albrecht ◽  
Philipp Eschlwech ◽  
Erwin Biebl
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
Silver Ink ◽  
Traditional Production

Abstract. UHF RFID tags are nowadays widely and successfully implemented in many distinct applications, but unfortunately the traditional production process and incorrect disposal of such devices have a negative impact on the environment. In this work silver and gold nanoparticle inks were printed by a consumer inkjet printer on eco-friendly substrates like paper and PET in order to make the manufacturing process less harmful to the ecosystem. A dipole antenna with matching loop was designed for the RFID chip EM4325 from EM Microelectronics, which has an integrated temperature sensor, at the frequency of 866 MHz. Based on this design, simulations of the greener tags are presented and compared as a proof of concept, without optimizing the designs at first for the different materials. The printings with silver (unlike the gold) were conductive with self-sintering. IPL sintering was conducted to reduce the sheet resistance from the silver ink and to turn the gold ink conductive. First S11 parameter and read distance measurements are shown as well as the simulations with the optimized antenna designs.

scholarly journals Afraid of the dark: Light acutely suppresses activity in the human amygdala

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252350
Author(s):  
Elise M. McGlashan ◽  
Govinda R. Poudel ◽  
Sharna D. Jamadar ◽  
Andrew J. K. Phillips ◽  
Sean W. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Siemens Scanner ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
Effect Of Light

Light improves mood. The amygdala plays a critical role in regulating emotion, including fear-related responses. In rodents the amygdala receives direct light input from the retina, and light may play a role in fear-related learning. A direct effect of light on the amygdala represents a plausible mechanism of action for light’s mood-elevating effects in humans. However, the effect of light on activity in the amygdala in humans is not well understood. We examined the effect of passive dim-to-moderate white light exposure on activation of the amygdala in healthy young adults using the BOLD fMRI response (3T Siemens scanner; n = 23). Participants were exposed to alternating 30s blocks of light (10 lux or 100 lux) and dark (<1 lux), with each light intensity being presented separately. Light, compared with dark, suppressed activity in the amygdala. Moderate light exposure resulted in greater suppression of amygdala activity than dim light. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the amygdala and ventro-medial prefrontal cortex was enhanced during light relative to dark. These effects may contribute to light’s mood-elevating effects, via a reduction in negative, fear-related affect and enhanced processing of negative emotion.

scholarly journals Dissecting and modeling photic and melanopsin effects to predict sleep disturbances induced by irregular light exposure in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (25) ◽  
pp. e2017364118
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Hubbard ◽  
Mio Kobayashi Frisk ◽  
Elisabeth Ruppert ◽  
Jessica W. Tsai ◽  
Fanny Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
Length Changes

Artificial lighting, day-length changes, shift work, and transmeridian travel all lead to sleep–wake disturbances. The nychthemeral sleep–wake cycle (SWc) is known to be controlled by output from the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which is entrained to the light–dark cycle. Additionally, via intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells containing the photopigment melanopsin (Opn4), short-term light–dark alternations exert direct and acute influences on sleep and waking. However, the extent to which longer exposures typically experienced across the 24-h day exert such an effect has never been clarified or quantified, as disentangling sustained direct light effects (SDLE) from circadian effects is difficult. Recording sleep in mice lacking a circadian pacemaker, either through transgenesis (Syt10cre/creBmal1fl/-) or SCN lesioning and/or melanopsin-based phototransduction (Opn4−/−), we uncovered, contrary to prevailing assumptions, that the contribution of SDLE is as important as circadian-driven input in determining SWc amplitude. Specifically, SDLE were primarily mediated (>80%) through melanopsin, of which half were then relayed through the SCN, revealing an ancillary purpose for this structure, independent of its clock function in organizing SWc. Based on these findings, we designed a model to estimate the effect of atypical light–dark cycles on SWc. This model predicted SWc amplitude in mice exposed to simulated transequatorial or transmeridian paradigms. Taken together, we demonstrate this SDLE is a crucial mechanism influencing behavior on par with the circadian system. In a broader context, these findings mandate considering SDLE, in addition to circadian drive, for coping with health consequences of atypical light exposure in our society.

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