scholarly journals A Review of the Commercially Available ECG Detection and Transmission Systems—The Fuzzy Logic Approach in the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489
Author(s):  
Michał Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Algorithm ◽  
Alarm Message

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) constitutes a major clinical and public health problem, whose death burden is comparable to the current worldwide pandemic. This comprehensive review encompasses the following topics: available rescue systems, wearable electrocardiograms (ECG), detection and transmission technology, and a newly developed fuzzy logic algorithm (FA) for heart rhythm classification which is state-of-the art in the field of SCD prevention. Project “PROTECTOR”, the Polish Rapid Transtelephonic ECG to Obtain Resuscitation for development of a rapid rescue system for patients at risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), is presented. If a lethal arrhythmia is detected on the basis of FA, the system produces an alarm signal audible for bystanders and transmits the alarm message along with location to the emergency medical center. Phone guided resuscitation can be started immediately because an automated external defibrillator (AED) localization map is available. An automatic, very fast diagnosis is a unique feature of the PROTECTOR prototype. The rapid detection of SCA is based on a processor characterized by 100% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity (as measured in the pilot studies). An integrated circuit which implements FA has already been designed and a diagnosis is made within few seconds, which is extremely important in ischemic brain damage prophylaxis. This circuit could be implemented in smart implants (Sis).

Abstract 252: Resuscitation in Prehospital Stage: Effectiveness and Influencing Factors

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Abula ◽  
Aija Maca ◽  
Oskars Kalejs
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Successful Resuscitation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background: Sudden cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death is one of the leading causes of death all over the world. Of particular importance is out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) - an important overworld public health issue. In order to help these people and improve their chances of survival, it is necessary to provide assistance as soon as possible. Bystanders are usually non-medical persons why it is more complicated to implement. The objectives of the study were to research effectiveness and influencing factors of resuscitation in prehospital stage and create suggestions and methodical recommendations as possible. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was developed, which summarizes and analyzes the electronic call cards (IEK) of the Emergency Medical service of Latvia (EMS) for 2018 and 2019. IEK were selected that identified “successful resuscitation” and “unsuccessful resuscitation” as a complication of diagnosis (classification developed and validated by EMS of Latvia). Results: Overall 2538 resuscitations were performed, of which 27,6% were successful resuscitation. About a quarter (24,2%) of all resuscitations happened in a public place. The increase in the number of successful resuscitations is observed for resuscitation events that happened in public places. In most of cardiac arrest cases, bystanders did not perform CPR (60,3%). Arrival time of EMS in 2018 was 7,52 - 8,44 minutes and in 2019 was 7,75 - 8,23 minutes. The research shows that approximately 23% of cases the first monitored rhythm by EMS were VF/pVT. There is a significant difference in the increase in successful resuscitations if EMS performed defibrillation during the call. Conclusions: The most important influencing factors in the outcome of resuscitation are the patient’s age, the location, the first aid provided by bystanders, the time until the arrival of EMS and the first observed heart rhythm in a patient with cardiac arrest. It is necessary to create a register of AED (automated external defibrillator) devices in Latvia and their locations, to ensure the availability of data to the EMS service and the public.

Low Energy Neurofeedback System Treatment of an Acquired Brain Injury due to Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Biofeedback ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Sara Hunt Harper
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
System A

Abstract There is confusion regarding whether to identify brain injuries as a traumatic brain injury, an acquired brain injury, or a combination of both. No matter what you call it, brain injuries are a major public health problem. This article demonstrates the power of the Low Energy Neurofeedback System, a form of electroencephalography biofeedback/neurofeedback, with a 71-year-old woman who had a sudden cardiac arrest and was without pulse or respiration for 8 to 10 minutes. NeuroField and hyperbaric oxygen therapy were added later on in the treatment process.

scholarly journals Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger Isoform-1 Inhibition: A Promising Pharmacological Intervention for Resuscitation from Cardiac Arrest

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl J. Gazmuri ◽  
Jeejabai Radhakrishnan ◽  
Iyad M. Ayoub
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Electrical Stability

Out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest is a major public health problem with an overall survival of less than 5%. Upon cardiac arrest, cessation of coronary blood flow rapidly leads to intense myocardial ischemia and activation of the sarcolemmal Na+-H+ exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1). NHE-1 activation drives Na+ into cardiomyocytes in exchange for H+ with its exchange rate intensified upon reperfusion during the resuscitation effort. Na+ accumulates in the cytosol driving Ca2+ entry through the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger, eventually causing cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and worsening myocardial injury by compromising mitochondrial bioenergetic function. We have reported clinically relevant myocardial effects elicited by NHE-1 inhibitors given during resuscitation in animal models of ventricular fibrillation (VF). These effects include: (a) preservation of left ventricular distensibility enabling hemodynamically more effective chest compressions, (b) return of cardiac activity with greater electrical stability reducing post-resuscitation episodes of VF, (c) less post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction, and (d) attenuation of adverse myocardial effects of epinephrine; all contributing to improved survival in animal models. Mechanistically, NHE-1 inhibition reduces adverse effects stemming from Na+–driven cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. We believe the preclinical work herein discussed provides a persuasive rationale for examining the potential role of NHE-1 inhibitors for cardiac resuscitation in humans.

scholarly journals Return of spontaneous circulation and heart rhythm during the first analysis of the heart electrical activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kowalski ◽  
Adrian Moskal ◽  
Karolina Żak-Kowalska ◽  
Mariusz Goniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Return Of Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Heart Electrical Activity ◽  
First Moment ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIntroduction. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) of a patient with cardiac arrest is the main goal of carrying out cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Aim. Evaluation of frequency of return of spontaneous circulation depending on the heart rhythms in the first moment of heart electrical activity.Material and methods. Analysis of 105 cases of sudden cardiac arrest in out-of-hospital conditions on the premises of Brzozow Emergency Medical Service from September 2016 to the end of February 2018. The data was collected from intervention medical cards and medical rescue procedure cards. Statistical analysis was carried out using STATISTICA software. Statistical significance was assumed to be p<0.05.Results. Sudden cardiac arrest in the analysed group applied to 62.9% of men. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved only in 16 out of 105 cases (15.2%) of sudden cardiac arrest. The analysis has indicated that ROSC was successful among 66.67% of patients, who during the first analysis of the rhythm, represented cardiac arrest in VF/pVT, what constituted 75% of all ROSC cases in the analysed group. Comparison between ROSC and rhythm during the first evaluation of the rhythm showed statistical significance (p=0.00). Statistical significance was also shown in the relationship between ROSC and the average age of the patient (p=0.0155).Conclusions. Sudden cardiac arrest, when diagnosed in the first analysis of the rhythm VF/pVT, has bigger chances for return of spontaneous circulation than it has in other rhythms.

scholarly journals The cardiac arrest centre for the treatment of sudden cardiac arrest due to presumed cardiac cause – aims, function and structure: Position paper of the Association for Acute CardioVascular Care of the European Society of Cardiology (AVCV), European Association of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (EAPCI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Resuscitation Council (ERC), European Society for Emergency Medicine (EUSEM) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. S193-S202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Sinning ◽  
Ingo Ahrens ◽  
Alain Cariou ◽  
Farzin Beygui ◽  
Lionel Lamhaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
European Society ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Consensus Document ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Approximately 10% of patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survive to hospital discharge. Improved management to improve outcomes is required, and it is proposed that such patients should be preferentially treated in cardiac arrest centres. The minimum requirements of therapy modalities for the cardiac arrest centre are 24/7 availability of an on-site coronary angiography laboratory, an emergency department, an intensive care unit, imaging facilities such as echocardiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and a protocol outlining transfer of selected patients to cardiac arrest centres with additional resources (out-of-hospital cardiac arrest hub hospitals). These hub hospitals are regularly treating a high volume of patients and offer further treatment modalities. This consensus document describes the aims, the minimal requirements for therapeutic modalities and expertise, and the structure, of a cardiac arrest centre. It represents a consensus among the major European medical associations and societies involved in the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.

scholarly journals Emergency Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Out-of Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Why Should we Care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luxiao Huang ◽  
Jinyao Chen ◽  
Baojun Yu ◽  
Chunfu Tang ◽  
Xiaoliang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Failure Group ◽  
Effective Interventions

Abstract Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) plays an essential role in the treatment of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), we aimed to evaluate the influencing factors on the effects of CPR in patients with SCA, to provide insights into the management of SCA.Methods: Patients who underwent CPR in the emergency department of our hospital from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021 were selected. We collected and analyzed the clinical characteristics of CPR patients. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors of CPR failure.Results: A total of 308 CPR patients were included, the incidence of CPR success was 35.71%. There were significant differences in the age, time to the start of CPR, the type of heart rhythm in the first monitoring, duration of CPR and cumulative adrenaline dosage between CPR success and failure group (all P<0.05). No significant differences in the gender, cause of cardiac arrest and ventilation methods were found (all P>0.05). Logistic regression analyses indicated that age≥65y(OR2.132, 95CI%1.127~4.334), time to the start of CPR≥12min(OR2.503, 95CI%1.015~3.583), unable to defibrillation(OR1.856, 95CI%1.107~3.031), duration of CPR≥40min(OR2.162, 95CI%1.242~4.178), cumulative adrenaline dosage≥6mg(OR1.627, 95CI%1.151~2.472) were the independent risk factors of CPR failure(all P<0.05).Conclusions: The success and failure of CPR are affected by many factors. Early and effective interventions should be taken for these influencing factors in clinical practice. Due to the limitation of sample size, future large-sample and multi-center studies need to further explore the relevant influencing factors of CPR.

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