scholarly journals Fabricating Silicon Resonators for Analysing Biological Samples

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1546
Author(s):  
Momoko Kumemura ◽  
Deniz Pekin ◽  
Vivek Anand Menon ◽  
Isabelle Van Van Seuningen ◽  
Dominique Collard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Microelectromechanical Resonators

The adaptability of microscale devices allows microtechnologies to be used for a wide range of applications. Biology and medicine are among those fields that, in recent decades, have applied microtechnologies to achieve new and improved functionality. However, despite their ability to achieve assay sensitivities that rival or exceed conventional standards, silicon-based microelectromechanical systems remain underutilised for biological and biomedical applications. Although microelectromechanical resonators and actuators do not always exhibit optimal performance in liquid due to electrical double layer formation and high damping, these issues have been solved with some innovative fabrication processes or alternative experimental approaches. This paper focuses on several examples of silicon-based resonating devices with a brief look at their fundamental sensing elements and key fabrication steps, as well as current and potential biological/biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Fully Developed Flow of a Nanofluid through a Circular Micropipe in the Presence of Electroosmotic Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad D. K. Niazi ◽  
Hang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Buongiorno’S Model ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Similarity Transformations ◽  
Modern Engineering ◽  
Wide Range

Microscale heat sinks based on channels or pipes are designed to restrict the temperatures of microelectromechanical systems, which have a wide range of applications in the modern engineering and mechanics. In this context, this work aims to study heat convection and entropy generation of a fully developed nanofluid flow in a circular micropipe in the presence of an electrical double layer. Buongiorno’s model is employed to exhibit the nanofluid behavior. The governing equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations through appropriate similarity transformations. Particularly, we rectify the pressure term as an unknown constant, which makes our flow model compatible with those well-known fluid flow models in macrosize. Highly accurate solutions are obtained and verified. Analysis for physical properties of electric field, velocity field, temperature, and nanoparticle distributions is discussed followed by an investigation of the entropy evolution in the flow. The results show that flow behavior and total entropy of the system depend on the electroosmosis, thermophoresis, and fluid viscosity. However, the influence of the electrical double layer on the flow and system entropy is negligible when the electroosmotic parameter exceeds a maximum value.

Electrical Double Layer Formation on Glassy Carbon in Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 138416
Author(s):  
Sofia B. Davey ◽  
Amanda P. Cameron ◽  
Kenneth G. Latham ◽  
Scott W. Donne
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Layer Formation

scholarly journals Charge and Electrical Double Layer Formation in a Nonpolar Solvent Using a Nonionic Surfactant

Langmuir ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (19) ◽  
pp. 5156-5164
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Khademi ◽  
Sammi Sham Yin Cheng ◽  
Dominik P. J. Barz
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Nonpolar Solvent ◽  
Layer Formation

scholarly journals Silicon-Based Sensors for Biomedical Applications: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhao Xu ◽  
Xiduo Hu ◽  
Sudip Kundu ◽  
Anindya Nag ◽  
Nasrin Afsarimanesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Biomedical Sensing ◽  
Silicon Sensors ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Silicon Based

The paper highlights some of the significant works done in the field of medical and biomedical sensing using silicon-based technology. The use of silicon sensors is one of the pivotal and prolonged techniques employed in a range of healthcare, industrial and environmental applications by virtue of its distinct advantages over other counterparts in Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Among them, the sensors for biomedical applications are one of the most significant ones, which not only assist in improving the quality of human life but also help in the field of microfabrication by imparting knowledge about how to develop enhanced multifunctional sensing prototypes. The paper emphasises the use of silicon, in different forms, to fabricate electrodes and substrates for the sensors that are to be used for biomedical sensing. The electrical conductivity and the mechanical flexibility of silicon vary to a large extent depending on its use in developing prototypes. The article also explains some of the bottlenecks that need to be dealt with in the current scenario, along with some possible remedies. Finally, a brief market survey is given to estimate a probable increase in the usage of silicon in developing a variety of biomedical prototypes in the upcoming years.

scholarly journals Real-time Characterization of Chemical Structure and Dynamics of Electrical Double Layer at Electrode-electrolyte Interfaces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Zhang ◽  
Jilin Tang ◽  
Zhigang Ni ◽  
Yao Zhao ◽  
Feifei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Gold Electrode ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Wide Range

The chemisorption of species from supporting electrolytes on electrode surfaces is ubiquitous in electrochemical systems and affects the dynamics and mechanism of various electrochemical reactions. The understanding of chemical structure and property of the resulting electrical double layer is vital but limited. In this work, we operando probed the electrochemical interface between a gold electrode surface and a common supporting electrolyte, phosphate buffer, using our newly developed in situ liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry during dynamic potential scanning. We surprisingly found that on the positively charged gold electrode surface sodium cations coexisted within the inner Helmholtz layer to form ion pairs with the accumulated phosphate anions, resulting in a strong and dense adsorption phase which was further revealed to retard the electro-oxidation reaction of ascorbate. This finding addressed one major gap in the fundamental science of the electrode-electrolyte interface that where and how the cations exactly reside in the double layer to impose effects on electrochemical reactions, providing insights into engineering of better electrode-electrolyte interfaces in a wide range of fields such as electrochemical conversion and storage of energy, electrocatalysis, and electrodeposition.

Monte Carlo simulation of electrical double-layer formation from mixtures of electrolytes inside nanopores

2008 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 044705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Hou ◽  
Patricia Taboada-Serrano ◽  
Sotira Yiacoumi ◽  
Costas Tsouris
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electrical Double Layer ◽  
Layer Formation ◽  
Mixtures Of Electrolytes
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