scholarly journals Bimetallic Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Biosensor Platforms for Clinical Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Palanisamy Kannan ◽  
Govindhan Maduraiveeran
Keyword(s):  
Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Individual Care ◽  
Glucose Biosensing

Diabetes is a foremost health issue that results in ~4 million deaths every year and ~170 million people suffering globally. Though there is no treatment for diabetes yet, the blood glucose level of diabetic patients should be checked closely to avoid further problems. Screening glucose in blood has become a vital requirement, and thus the fabrication of advanced and sensitive blood sugar detection methodologies for clinical analysis and individual care. Bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) are nanosized structures that are of rising interest in many clinical applications. Although their fabrication shares characteristics with physicochemical methodologies for the synthesis of corresponding mono-metallic counterparts, they can display several interesting new properties and applications as a significance of the synergetic effect between their two components. These applications can be as diverse as clinical diagnostics, anti-bacterial/anti-cancer treatments or biological imaging analyses, and drug delivery. However, the exploitation of BMNPs in such fields has received a small amount of attention predominantly due to the vital lack of understanding and concerns mainly on the usage of other nanostructured materials, such as stability and bio-degradability over extended-time, ability to form clusters, chemical reactivity, and biocompatibility. In this review article, a close look at bimetallic nanomaterial based glucose biosensing approaches is discussed, concentrating on their clinical applications as detection of glucose in various real sample sources, showing substantial development of their features related to corresponding monometallic counterparts and other existing used nanomaterials for clinical applications.

scholarly journals The Health-Promoting Properties and Clinical Applications of Rice Bran Arabinoxylan Modified with Shiitake Mushroom Enzyme—A Narrative Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2539
Author(s):  
Soo Liang Ooi ◽  
Sok Cheon Pak ◽  
Peter S. Micalos ◽  
Emily Schupfer ◽  
Catherine Lockley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Health Promoting

Rice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is derived from defatted rice bran hydrolyzed with Lentinus edodes mycelial enzyme. It has been marketed as a functional food and a nutraceutical with health-promoting properties. Some research has demonstrated this rice bran derivative to be a potent immunomodulator, which also possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic properties. To date, research on RBAC has predominantly focused on its immunomodulatory action and application as a complementary therapy for cancer. Nonetheless, the clinical applications of RBAC can extend beyond cancer therapy. This article is a narrative review of the research on the potential benefits of RBAC for cancer and other health conditions based on the available literature. RBAC research has shown it to be useful as a complementary treatment for cancer and human immunodeficiency virus infection. It can positively modulate serum glucose, lipid and protein metabolism in diabetic patients. Additionally, RBAC has been shown to ameliorate irritable bowel syndrome and protect against liver injury caused by hepatitis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It can potentially ease symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome and prevent the common cold. RBAC is safe to consume and has no known side effects at the typical dosage of 2–3 g/day. Nevertheless, further research in both basic studies and human clinical trials are required to investigate the clinical applications, mechanisms, and effects of RBAC.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS): basics and clinical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair Israr ◽  
Dennis Bernieh ◽  
Andrea Salzano ◽  
Shabana Cassambai ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Desorption ◽  
Maldi Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Maldi Ms ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Matrix Assisted Laser ◽  
Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption

AbstractBackgroundMatrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) has been used for more than 30 years. Compared with other analytical techniques, it offers ease of use, high throughput, robustness, cost-effectiveness, rapid analysis and sensitivity. As advantages, current clinical techniques (e.g. immunoassays) are unable to directly measure the biomarker; rather, they measure secondary signals. MALDI-MS has been extensively researched for clinical applications, and it is set for a breakthrough as a routine tool for clinical diagnostics.ContentThis review reports on the principles of MALDI-MS and discusses current clinical applications and the future clinical prospects for MALDI-MS. Furthermore, the review assesses the limitations currently experienced in clinical assays, the advantages and the impact of MALDI-MS to transform clinical laboratories.SummaryMALDI-MS is widely used in clinical microbiology for the screening of microbial isolates; however, there is scope to apply MALDI-MS in the diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic drug monitoring and biopsy imaging in many diseases.OutlookThere is considerable potential for MALDI-MS in clinic as a tool for screening, profiling and imaging because of its high sensitivity and specificity over alternative techniques.

scholarly journals Current Methods for Fluorescence-Based Universal Sequence-Dependent Detection of Nucleic Acids in Homogenous Assays and Clinical Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1567-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Faltin ◽  
Roland Zengerle ◽  
Felix von Stetten
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Strand Displacement ◽  
Strand Displacement Amplification ◽  
Sequence Dependent ◽  
Universal Detection

BACKGROUND Specific and sensitive nucleic acid (NA) testing in research and clinical diagnostics is usually performed by use of labeled oligonucleotide probes. However, the use of target-specific fluorogenic probes increases the cost of analysis. Therefore, universal sequence-dependent (USD) NA detection methods have been developed to facilitate cost-effective target detection using standardized reagents. CONTENT We provide a comprehensive review of the current methods for fluorescence-based USD NA detection. Initially, we focus on the emergence of these methods as a means to overcome the shortcomings of common NA detection methods, such as hydrolysis probes and molecular beacons. Thereafter, we provide a critical evaluation of the individual detection methods. These methods include (a) target amplification with bipartite primers introducing a universal detection tag to the amplicon (UniPrimer PCR, universal fluorescence energy transfer probe PCR, attached universal duplex probe PCR, and universal strand displacement amplification) or combined with bipartite probes comprising a universal detection region (mediator probe PCR, universal strand displacement amplification, universal quenching probe PCR) and (b) amplification-independent assays employing either a universal variant of the invader assay or universal NA hybridization sensors. We discuss differences between the methods and review clinical applications. SUMMARY The current methods for USD NA testing are cost-effective and flexible and have concordant analytical performance in comparison with common probe-based techniques. They can detect any target sequence by the simple use of a label-free, low-cost primer or probe combined with a universal fluorogenic reporter. The methods differ in the number of target specificities, capability of multiplexing, and incubation requirements (isothermal/thermocycling). Extensive clinical applications comprise detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, study of gene expression, in situ PCR, and quantification of pathogen load.

scholarly journals Analysis of Foot Ulcer Level Using Non-Invasive Technique Based on Image Segmentation for Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 430-434
Author(s):  
Tamilselvan K S ◽  
Sumithra M G ◽  
Murugeasan G ◽  
Balaji Sathyamoorthy ◽  
Rajeshwari Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Foot Ulceration

Medical imaging is that the technique and method of making visual representations of the inside of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, furthermore as visual illustration of the performance of some organs or tissues (physiology). In computer vision, image segmentation is the method of partitioning a digital image into its constituent parts with identical pixel values. The goal of segmentation is to modify the illustration of a picture into one thing that is a lot of purposeful and easier to investigate. A foot ulceration is associate degree open sore on the foot. Foot ulceration may be a shallow red crater that involves solely the surface skin. Foot ulceration can also be terribly deep. There are many issues with current practices for treating diabetic foot ulcers. First, patients should move to their wound clinic on a daily basis to own their wounds checked by their clinicians. Second, a clinician’s wound assessment method is predicated on visual examination. Technology using image analysis techniques may be a potential resolution to each these issues. The wound image is captured by the camera on the smart phone with the help of a picture capture box. In the Image pre-processing step, the electronic image is first down-sampled into high-resolution image. Second, the pictures are sleeked to get rid of noise (which is assumed primarily to be Gaussian noise made by image acquisition process) by mistreatment the Gaussian blur methodology whose variance with 0.5 was through empirical observation judged to be optimum supported multiple experiments. The foot outline is decided by using Sobel edge detection methodology. Then, Region of interest is developed by keeping the foot as foreground and rest as background. Color segmentation is performed by partitioning pixels into totally different clusters supported color similarity and abstraction relation. The RYB image is transformed to HSV and color thresholding is performed to find the outer area.

scholarly journals A clinical analysis of diabetic patients with hand ulcer in a diabetic foot centre

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 848-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wang ◽  
L. Lv ◽  
X. Wen ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
S. Cen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients

scholarly journals Advanced Signal-Amplification Strategies for Paper-Based Analytical Devices: A Comprehensive Review

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Thi Xoan Hoang ◽  
Le Minh Tu Phan ◽  
Thuy Anh Thu Vo ◽  
Sungbo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Rapid Responses ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
User Friendly

Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have emerged as a promising approach to point-of-care (POC) detection applications in biomedical and clinical diagnosis owing to their advantages, including cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and rapid responses as well as for being equipment-free, disposable, and user-friendly. However, the overall sensitivity of PADs still remains weak, posing a challenge for biosensing scientists exploiting them in clinical applications. This review comprehensively summarizes the current applicable potential of PADs, focusing on total signal-amplification strategies that have been applied widely in PADs involving colorimetry, luminescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, photoacoustic, photothermal, and photoelectrochemical methods as well as nucleic acid-mediated PAD modifications. The advances in signal-amplification strategies in terms of signal-enhancing principles, sensitivity, and time reactions are discussed in detail to provide an overview of these approaches to using PADs in biosensing applications. Furthermore, a comparison of these methods summarizes the potential for scientists to develop superior PADs. This review serves as a useful inside look at the current progress and prospective directions in using PADs for clinical diagnostics and provides a better source of reference for further investigations, as well as innovations, in the POC diagnostics field.

scholarly journals Clinical Analysis of Persistent Subretinal Fluid after Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Macula with Diabetic Tractional Retinal Detachment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5929
Author(s):  
Yong-Koo Kang ◽  
Jae-Pil Shin
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Pars Plana Vitrectomy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Tractional Retinal Detachment ◽  
Pars Plana

(1) Background: We analyzed the duration of persistent subretinal fluid (PSF) and the contributing factors of PSF after pars plana vitrectomy in patients who had a macula with diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD). (2) Methods: Forty eyes of 40 patients who had pars plana vitrectomy due to a macula with diabetic TRD, between 2014 and 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. The duration of PSF, as well as relevant ocular and systemic factors, was analyzed. (3) Results: The mean duration of PSF was 4.4 ± 4.7 months. The prevalence of PSF was 75.0% at 1 month, 50.0% at 3 months, 30.0% at 6 months and 10.0% at 12 months after surgery. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly associated with the duration of PSF in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only eGFR was significantly associated with the duration of PSF (β = −0.089, p = 0.030). (4) Conclusion: PSF may persist for more than 12 months in a macula with diabetic TRD after vitrectomy. Moreover, patients with impaired kidney function tended to have a delayed subretinal fluid absorption. Therefore, careful investigation of preoperative systemic conditions, especially kidney function, should be considered before TRD surgery in diabetic patients.

Biological Rationales and Clinical Applications of Temperature Controlled Hyperthermia - Implications for Multimodal Cancer Treatments

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (27) ◽  
pp. 3045-3057 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schildkopf ◽  
O. J. Ott ◽  
B. Frey ◽  
M. Wadepohl ◽  
R. Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Temperature Controlled

Enhanced Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase and Glucose Biosensing Based on TiO2-Decorated Graphene Nanohybrids

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Jian Rong Cai
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Direct Electrochemistry ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Glucose Determination ◽  
Glucose Biosensing ◽  
Linear Concentration Range ◽  
Linear Concentration

Using TiO2-decorated graphene (TiO2-G) nanohybrids as the immobilized platform for redox protein, and selecting glucose oxidase (GOD) as model enzyme, the direct electrochemistry of GOD was investigated in this paper. By virtue of the synergetic effect between graphene and TiO2 nanoparticles, the direct electron transfer of GOD on the TiO2-G nanohybrids modified electrode was remarkably promoted with a rate constant of 3.24 s-1. Moreover, based on the decrease of the electrocatalytic response of the reduced form of GOD by dissolved oxygen, a glucose biosensor was developed, which showed a satisfactory analytical performance for glucose determination over an acceptable linear concentration range from 5×10−4 to 2×10−2 mol/L. All these results demonstrated the great significance of such TiO2-G nanohybrids for the immobilization of enzyme and other biomolecules.

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