scholarly journals Epidemiology of African Swine Fever and Its Risk in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-591
Author(s):  
Deepak Subedi ◽  
Suman Bhandari ◽  
Saurav Pantha ◽  
Uddab Poudel ◽  
Sumit Jyoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral infection of domestic and wild pigs with high mortality. First reported in East Africa in the early 1900s, ASF was largely controlled in domestic pigs in many countries. However, in recent years ASF outbreaks have been reported in several countries in Europe and Asia. The occurrence of ASF in China, the largest pork producer in the world, in 2018 and in India, the country that surrounds and shares open borders with Nepal, has increased the risk of ASF transmission to Nepal. Lately, the pork industry has been growing in Nepal, overcoming traditional religious and cultural biases against it. However, the emergence of viral infections such as ASF could severely affect the industry's growth and sustainability. Because there are no effective vaccines available to prevent ASF, the government should focus on preventing entry of the virus through strict quarantine measures at the borders, controls on illegal trade, and effective management practices, including biosecurity measures.

scholarly journals Understanding the relationship between viral infections and trace elements from a metallomics perspective: implications for COVID-19

Metallomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemmyson Romário de Jesus ◽  
Tatianny de Araújo Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic situation due to a new viral infection (COVID-19) caused by a novel virus (Sars-CoV-2).

scholarly journals Antiviral optical techniques as a possible novel approach to COVID-19 treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 2130002
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Moshfegh ◽  
Farshad Khosraviani ◽  
Negar Moghaddasi ◽  
Seyedeh Fatemeh Seyed Javadi Limoodi ◽  
Ebrahim Boluki
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Very High

The current pandemic SARS-CoV-2 (also known as 2019-nCoV and COVID-19) viral infection is growing globally and has created a disastrous situation all over the world. One of the biggest challenges is that no drugs are available to treat this life-threatening disease. As no drugs are available for definitive treatment of this disease and the mortality rate is very high, there is an utmost need to cure the infection using novel technologies. This study will point out some new antimicrobial technologies that have great potentials for eradicating and preventing emerging infections. They can be considered as treatments of choice for viral infections in the future.

scholarly journals Strategies for Promoting Steelmaking Slag Resourcezation in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Ching-Jung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Steelmaking Slag ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Waste Reuse ◽  
Product Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cradle To Cradle ◽  
The Government ◽  
Recycle And Reuse

Because of the world ever-growing pursuit of economic growth, natural resources have been overly exploited and squandered. Such actions have created a negative effect on the environment and led to resource depletion. These problems subsequently garnered the government attention for waste reuse, in which they began to promote sustainable circulation and reuse of resources to lower natural resource consumptions. Accordingly, the concept of the "3 R's," namely, reduce, recycle, and reuse was introduced. However, the said concept merely adopts a unidirectional, cradle-to-grave-based treatment and fails to consider the effects of waste on the economy and society. Taiwan produces approximately 20 million tonne s of waste annually, roughly 40% of which are slags. The illegal dumping and burying of slags have negatively influenced Taiwan's environment, economy, and society. Thus, the present study revolutionized the 3R concept by introducing the cradle to cradle concept. Producers are recommended to consider product features and slag usage options during the steelmaking process. Transparent productions, effective management, scientific treatments, and systematic inspections are employed to bring slags into industrial circulations, facilitating the recycling and reuse of resources.

scholarly journals A typological study of public open space in private developments in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izzy Yi Jian ◽  
◽  
Esther H.K. Yung ◽  
May Jiemei Luo ◽  
Weizhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Governance Practice ◽  
The Government

Public Open Space (POS) can generate a range of benefits across economic, social and environmental dimensions. As the government gradually contracting out the urban development responsibilities to private sectors, the fundamental mechanisms for the provision and management of POS have altered in cities all over the world. Public Open Space in Private Developments (POSPD) are accused of limiting the manifestation of social or ethnic identity, declining in public space quality. The typological study of POSPD offers a vital tool to understand, assessing and improving the existing POSPD. However, there are surprisingly few published typologies investigating the publicness and management dimension with a special focus on POSPD. Intentionally, we first discuss existing classifications and typologies of POS and comply with a list of complex measures that are inherited from scholars’ previous research. By examining the diversity of POSPD in terms of its spatial justice performance, we organise this diversity into a POSPD typology dedicated to compact urban morphology. The proposed POSPD typology allows the most effective management of existing POSPD, as well as a more precise recognition of gaps that is relevant to POS service and governance practice.

scholarly journals Hospitalias Kristen Dalam kegiatan rohani terhadap pertumbuhan iman ditengah covid-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mewa Artika Sura' Paembonan
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Dunia saat ini sedang menghadapi pandemi yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 (virus Corona) dan infeksinya yang disebut COVID-19. Infeksi virus ini awalnya ditemukan di Wuhan, Cina pada Desember 2019 dan telah menyebar dengan cepat ke berbagai belahan dunia. Di awal kemunculannya, virus ini mendapat beragam respons yang muncul dari masyarakat Indonesia. Sebagian mulai berhati-hati dan menerapkan pola hidup sehat, tetapi lebih banyak yang tidak peduli dan terkesan meremehkan; bahkan menjadikan virus ini sebagai bahan candaan. . Bahkan ketika COVID-19 mulai menyebar dengan cepat ke berbagai daerah dan beberapa negara telah menutup akses keluar masuk, pemerintah dan warga Indonesia masih terkesan santai dan kurang melakukan tindakan pencegahan terhadap virus ini. Dengan munculnya berbagai masalah karena adanya pandemi Covid-19 yang dimana salah satunya adalah dalam melakukan berbagai kegiatan rohani, peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah dalam membatasi banyak kegiatan yang termasuk adalah ibadah yang dilaksanakan di rumah masing-masing. Abstract The world is currently facing a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Corona virus) and its infection called COVID-19. This viral infection was originally discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has spread rapidly to various parts of the world. At the beginning of its appearance, this virus received various responses from the Indonesian people. Some started to be careful and adopt a healthy lifestyle, but more people did not care and seemed to be belittling; even making this virus a joke. . Even when COVID-19 began to spread rapidly to various regions and several countries had closed access in and out, the government and Indonesian citizens still seemed relaxed and did not take precautions against this virus. With the emergence of various problems due to the Covid-19 pandemic, one of which is carrying out various spiritual activities, regulations issued by the government limit many activities including worship that is carried out in their respective homes.

scholarly journals Nuisance behaviors of macaques in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Palawan, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 13287-13294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lief Erikson Gamalo ◽  
Joselito Baril ◽  
Judeline Dimalibot ◽  
Augusto Asis ◽  
Brian Anas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Central Park ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Different nuisance behaviors of macaques have been reported in different parts of the world where humans and macaques have been living in the same habitats and sharing the same resources.  In this study, nuisance behaviors of Long-tailed Macaques were documented in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park using direct observation, survey questionnaire and by visiting the complaint section database.  The attitudes and practices of the locals towards the macaques were also investigated.  From the result of the study, it was observed that the most common nuisance behavior of macaques in Central Park Station was littering, while according to the locals, eating of crops was the most common nuisance behavior.  There was no existing tourist complaint about the macaques in the area, however, park personnel reported that aggressive tourist-macaque encounters sometimes happened.  These nuisance behaviors were observed to be linked to food security of the animals which results in negative interaction.  Meanwhile, it was also observed that the practices of most people towards macaques in the area are still relatively positive despite the nuisance behaviors of the macaques.  Only a small percentage of respondents hunted macaques, experienced keeping macaques as pets or experienced eating macaque meat.  The direct observations revealed that the degree of human-macaque interaction in the park was relatively mild compared to the reports in other countries, partly because of the positive human attitudes towards the animals and the effective management practices in the area.  

scholarly journals Prevention and Control Strategies of African Swine Fever and Progress on Pig Farm Repopulation in China

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2552
Author(s):  
Yuanjia Liu ◽  
Xinheng Zhang ◽  
Wenbao Qi ◽  
Yaozhi Yang ◽  
Zexin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
And Control

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease in domestic and wild pigs. Since the first outbreak of ASF in August 2018 in China, the disease has spread throughout the country with an unprecedented speed, causing heavy losses to the pig and related industries. As a result, strategies for managing the disease are urgently needed. This paper summarizes the important aspects of three key elements about African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission, including the sources of infection, transmission routes, and susceptible animals. It overviews the relevant prevention and control strategies, focusing on the research progress of ASFV vaccines, anti-ASFV drugs, ASFV-resistant pigs, efficient disinfection, and pig farm biosecurity. We then reviewed the key technical points concerning pig farm repopulation, which is critical to the pork industry. We hope to not only provide a theoretical basis but also practical strategies for effective dealing with the ASF epidemic and restoration of pig production.

scholarly journals Immunopathogenesis of Different Emerging Viral Infections: Evasion, Fatal Mechanism, and Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Yang ◽  
Kuender D. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Pandemic Threat ◽  
Vector Borne

Different emerging viral infections may emerge in different regions of the world and pose a global pandemic threat with high fatality. Clarification of the immunopathogenesis of different emerging viral infections can provide a plan for the crisis management and prevention of emerging infections. This perspective article describes how an emerging viral infection evolves from microbial mutation, zoonotic and/or vector-borne transmission that progresses to a fatal infection due to overt viremia, tissue-specific cytotropic damage or/and immunopathology. We classified immunopathogenesis of common emerging viral infections into 4 categories: 1) deficient immunity with disseminated viremia (e.g., Ebola); 2) pneumocytotropism with/without later hyperinflammation (e.g., COVID-19); 3) augmented immunopathology (e.g., Hanta); and 4) antibody-dependent enhancement of infection with altered immunity (e.g., Dengue). A practical guide to early blocking of viral evasion, limiting viral load and identifying the fatal mechanism of an emerging viral infection is provided to prevent and reduce the transmission, and to do rapid diagnoses followed by the early treatment of virus neutralization for reduction of morbidity and mortality of an emerging viral infection such as COVID-19.

scholarly journals Automatic Trash Segregator With Mobile Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 5345-5350
Author(s):  
Engr. Jose Marie B. Dipay
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Performance Portability ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
The World ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This disquisition was conducted to design, flourish and beforehand perpetrate the Automatic Trash Segregator with Mobile Application. Specifically, it identified the dilemmas encountered in dissociating the junk by the purchasers; the right features of the machine that can be improved to address the dilemmas encountered, and the respondents’ level of espousal of the user toward the enhanced machine when it comes into the field of performance, portability, operability, and efficacy. Today, solid-junk management conditions in the developing world are often quite dire and reminiscent of those found in the enhanced world several generations ago. As the world becomes more urbanized and enhanced consumption rates are on the rise. An inevitable consequence of more consumption is the rapid increase in thenumber of junk that is produced. The impact of inadequate solid junk management practices on natural and human environments is now being acknowledged.Qualitative-quantitative disquisition method was used for this disquisition that utilized a researcher made questionnaires and many interview questions. Traditional junk segregation that may lead to have poor junk disposal, filthiness all over the environment, destruction of the land that our farmers use to grant food for the country, burden of working on junk collection or landfill works and importance for the cleanliness of the country are the dilemmas encountered in dissociating the junk by the purchasers. There are many respondents for this disquisition; I have ten (10) street sweepers and six (6) janitor and janitress and fifty (50) trash collectors. The government or other authorities will accommodate the suitable use of the propose machine to avoid having a problem in dissociating. The schools should also be having a seminar about how the technology helps in make our life easier, with this, they will get an idea to improve or to grant better machine that the proponent made. It is also recommended to have a sensor for biodegradable, thus having more classification in automatic way. There are many possible suitable features for this machine that can be enhanced to address the dilemmas encountered, first is the use of sensors to make the process of junk segregation quick and easy. Next one is the last possible feature, saying that successfully enhanced unit would be a stand-alone machine that will allow a one-at-a-time processing of solid junks, dissociating biodegradable and non-biodegradable. The respondents’ ratings for Automatic Trash Segregator with Mobile Application were extremely receivable in terms of performance (4.62); portability (4.52); operability (4.68); and efficacy (4.59).

On retroeconomy

2017 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
V. Papava
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
International Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

This paper analyzes the problem of technological backwardness of economy. In many mostly developing countries their economies use obsolete technologies. This can create the illusion that this or that business is prosperous. At the level of international competition, however, it is obvious that these types of firms do not have any chance for success. Retroeconomics as a theory of technological backwardness and its detrimental effect upon a country’s economy is considered in the paper. The role of the government is very important for overcoming the effects of retroeconomy. The phenomenon of retroeconomy is already quite deep-rooted throughout the world and it is essential to consolidate the attention of economists and politicians on this threat.

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