scholarly journals Pesticides Decrease Bacterial Diversity and Abundance of Irrigated Rice Fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Onwona-Kwakye ◽  
Kimberly Plants-Paris ◽  
Kadiatou Keita ◽  
Jessica Lee ◽  
Paul J. Van den Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Bacteria play an important role in soil ecosystems and their activities are crucial in nutrient composition and recycling. Pesticides are extensively used in agriculture to control pests and improve yield. However, increased use of pesticides on agricultural lands results in soil contamination, which could have adverse effect on its bacterial communities. Here, we investigated the effect of pesticides commonly used on irrigated rice fields on bacterial abundance and diversity. Irrigated soil samples collected from unexposed, pesticide-exposed, and residual exposure areas were cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. DNA was extracted and analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed overall decrease in bacterial abundance and diversity in areas exposed to pesticides. Operational taxonomic units of the genera Enterobacter, Aeromonas, Comamonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bordetella, and Staphylococcus decreased in areas exposed to pesticides. Conversely, Domibacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus increased in abundance in pesticide-exposed areas. Simpson and Shannon diversity indices and canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated a decrease in bacterial diversity and composition in areas exposed to pesticides. These results suggest bacteria genera unaffected by pesticides that could be further evaluated to identify species for bioremediation. Moreover, there is a need for alternative ways of improving agricultural productivity and to educate farmers to adopt innovative integrated pest management strategies to reduce deleterious impacts of pesticides on soil ecosystems.

Molecular bacterial diversity and distribution in waste from a steel plant

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 996-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulcecleide B. Freitas ◽  
Mariana P. Reis ◽  
Leandro M. Freitas ◽  
Paulo S. Assis ◽  
Edmar Chartone-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Partial Length ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Novel Taxa

We characterized the bacterial diversity of newly produced steelmaking wastes (NPSW) and steelmaking wastes deposited (SWD) in a restricted land area, generated by the siderurgic industry, using the 16S rDNA clone library approach. A total of 212 partial-length sequences were analyzed, revealing 123 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) determined by the DOTUR program to 97% sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis of bacterial 16S rDNA sequences from the NPSW and SWD libraries demonstrated that Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were represented in both libraries. Deltaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Deinococcus-thermus, Gemmatimonadetes, and candidate divisions OP10 and OD1 were only present in the SWD library, and Nitrospira was only present in the NPSW library. The abundance of sequences affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria was high in both libraries. Six previously unclassified OTUs may represent novel taxa. Based on diversity indices (Simpson, Shannon–Weaver, Chao1, and ACE), the SWD library had a higher diversity. LIBSHUFF comparisons of the composition of the 2 libraries showed that they were significantly different. These results indicate that the bacterial communities in steelmaking wastes present high phylogenetic diversity and complexity. A possible association between the functional diversity and the bacterial communities’ complexity requires further phenotypic investigation.

Pengaruh Konversi Lahan terhadap Strategi Pemanfaatan Modal Nafkah Rumah Tangga Buruh Tani

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Hesti Prastiwi ◽  
Martua Sihaloho
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
The Impact

Lahan merupakan salah satu sumber daya agraria yang sangat penting bagi petani dikarenakan lahan merupakan salah satu sumber untuk bertahan hidup. Sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Nomor 41 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan. Pembangunan yang terjadi di Indonesia semakin masif, menimbulkan konversi lahan bersifat permanen ketika lahan sawah beririgasi berubah menjadi kawasan pemukiman atau industri. Konversi lahan yang terjadi menyebabkan hilangnya beberapa atau seluruh modal nafkah yang ada. Perubahan modal nafkah ini akan mengakibatkan perubahan strategi nafkah petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak konversi lahan terhadap strategi nafkah dan pengaruh pemanfaatan  modal nafkah  terhadap strategi nafkah rumah tangga. Lokasi penelitian ini yaitu Desa Pasirgaok, Kecamatan Rancabungur, Kabupaten Bogor. Metode yang digunakan untuk menggali fakta, data, dan informasi dalam penelitian adalah pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survei dengan kuesioner yang didukung oleh data kualitatif melalui wawancara dan studi literatur hingga diperoleh hasil bahwa dampak konversi lahan mempengaruhi modal dan strategi nafkah.Kata Kunci: buruh tani, konversi lahan, modal nafkah, strategi nafkah=====ABSTRACTLand is one of the most important agrarian resources for farmers because land is one source of livelihood survival. According to Constitution Number 41 Year 2009 on concerning The Protection of Sustainable Food Agriculture. The development that is taking place in Indonesia is increasingly massive leading to permanent land conversion when technical irrigated rice fields change into residential or industrial areas. The land conversion that occurs causes a loss of some or all existing livelihood asset. This change in livelihood asset will result in a change in farmers livelihood strategies. This study aims to analyze the influence of the impact of land conversion towards livelihood strategies and the influence of the utilization of livelihood asset towards the livelihood strategies households. The location of this research is Pasirgaok Village, Rancabungur District, Bogor Regency. The method used to extract facts, data, and information in the research is the quantitative approach through survey method with questionnaires supported by qualitative data through interview and literature study until it is obtained that the impact of land conversion towards landless farmer household’s assets and livelihood strategies.Keywords: land conversion, landless farmer, livelihood asset, livelihood strategies

Effects of antibiotics on the development and intestinal bacterial diversity of black soldier fly larvae

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
J.B. Zhang ◽  
Y. Meng ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
C. Rensing ◽  
D. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Streptomycin Sulphate ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Hermetia Illucens Larvae

The effects of four antibiotics (metronidazole (M) levofloxacin (L), sodium ampicillin (A), and streptomycin sulphate (S)) and their pair-wise combinations at three doses on the development and intestinal bacterial diversity of the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larvae were studied. At a low dose M and L were able to inhibit larval growth. At a high dose, all antibiotics were shown to inhibit larval growth. However, the pair-wise combinational use of the antibiotics did not effectively enhance the inhibitory effect. The gut bacterial diversity of the normal control (NC) was significantly higher than the antibiotic-treated groups with 737 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the larval guts of NC, compared to 305 and 227 from ML and AS. The number of anaerobic bacteria in ML was significantly lower than in NC and AS, with the relative abundance of OTUs from larval guts of ML being only about 0.01, compared to 0.4 for NC and 0.15 for AS. These results indicated that antibiotics at the experimental concentration did not affect the palatability of food for insects, but they would affect the diversity of food and intestinal microorganisms of BSF larvae, and the inhibitory effect of antibiotics on growth and development of BSF larvae displayed in this study was a complex effect.

scholarly journals Globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) cross resistance to als-inhibitor herbicides under field conditions in irrigated rice in the south of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Schaedler ◽  
J.A. Noldin ◽  
D.S. Eberhardt ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
N.R. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The South ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
South Of Brazil

ALS-inhibiting herbicides usually provide adequate weed control in irrigated rice fields. After consecutive years of use, the Cyperaceae species, globe fringerush (Fimbristylis miliacea) began to show resistance to ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitors. Globe fringerush is one of the most problematic herbicide-resistant weeds in irrigated rice in the state of Santa Catarina in the South of Brazil. The objective of this research was to examine cross resistance of globe fringerush to ALS inhibitors, under field conditions. Two experiments were conducted in a rice field naturally infested with ALS-resistant globe fringerush in Santa Catarina, in the 2008/09 and 2009/10 cropping seasons. The experimental units were arranged in randomized complete block design, with five replicates, consisting of two factors (herbicide and dose) in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement. ALS herbicides included bispyribac-sodium, ethoxysulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and penoxsulam. Six-leaf globe fringerush was sprayed with herbicide doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4X the recommended doses in a spray volume of 200 L ha-1. The number of rice culm, filled and sterile grains, plant height, dry shoot biomass and grain yield were recorded. Globe fringerush control was evaluated 28 and 70 days after herbicide application (DAA); shoots were harvested at 13 weeks after herbicide application and dry weight recorded. Competition with globe fringerush reduced the number of culm and rice grain yield. The globe fringerush biotype in this field was resistant to all ALS herbicides tested. Penoxsulam had the highest level of activity among treatments at 28 and 70 DAA, but the control level was only 50% and 42%, respectively, in the second year of assessment. This was not enough to prevent rice yield loss. Alternative herbicides and weed control strategies are necessary to avoid yield losses in rice fields infested with ALS-resistant biotypes of globe fringerush.

Soil bacterial abundance and diversity better explained and predicted with spectro-transfer functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Andrew Bissett ◽  
Juhwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

scholarly journals Manipulation of Chemical Properties in Soil under Wetland Rice through Industrial Effluents

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Golam Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Abu Saleque
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Irrigated Rice

A laboratory experiment was conducted in Soil Science Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) during 2010-11 aimed to determine the effects of different industrial effluents on some soil chemical properties under long-term industrial wastewater irrigated rice field. Effluents irrigation created some differences in soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon. The pH in all soil depth was higher with wastewater irrigated rice field. Irrigation with wastewater increased in all the effluents irrigated rice fields; the electrical conductivity (EC) was remarkable higher with  all soil depth than the control field. In all the rice fields soil (Control + effluents irrigated fields), the organic carbon content (%) started to decrease sharply with the increase in soil depth. Organic carbon content was slightly higher with wastewater irrigated rice soils. Exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na), trace elements (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni) were increased through irrigation with wastewater in rice–rice cropping pattern.

Responses of macroinvertebrate communities to pesticide application in irrigated rice fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Stenert ◽  
Íris C. M. F. de Mello ◽  
Mateus M. Pires ◽  
Débora S. Knauth ◽  
Naoki Katayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Irrigated Rice

Variation in Biological Soil Crust Bacterial Abundance and Diversity as a Function of Climate in Cold Steppe Ecosystems in the Intermountain West, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika S. Blay ◽  
Stacy G. Schwabedissen ◽  
Timothy S. Magnuson ◽  
Ken A. Aho ◽  
Peter P. Sheridan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Biological Soil Crust ◽  
Soil Crust ◽  
Intermountain West ◽  
Steppe Ecosystems ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

scholarly journals Development of Diagnostic SCAR Markers for Meloidogyne graminicola, M. oryzae, and M. salasi Associated with Irrigated Rice Fields in Americas

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa da Silva Mattos ◽  
Karine Mulet ◽  
Juvenil Enrique Cares ◽  
Cesar Bauer Gomes ◽  
Diana Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
The World ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Meloidogyne Sp

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) cause important production losses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the world. Together with Meloidogyne graminicola Golden and Birchfield 1965, M. oryzae Maas, Sanders and Dede, 1978 and M. salasi López, 1984 have been causing damages in irrigated rice fields in Central and South America. In addition, six other RKN species may occur in rice fields in other regions of the world. Correct identification of Meloidogyne spp. is difficult but essential for the management of rice RKNs. The objective of this study was to develop some species-specific molecular markers for the diagnosis of South American RKN rice-related species. Isozyme phenotypes indicated the occurrence of some RKN species in the Brazilian samples, namely M. graminicola, M. oryzae, M. javanica, and two cryptic species designated as Meloidogyne sp. 2 and Meloidogyne sp. 3. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 16 isolates revealed interspecific genetic polymorphism between Meloidogyne spp., but isolates belonging to the same species (i.e., sharing the same esterase phenotype) always clustered together, whatever the species considered. Specific SCAR markers of 230, 120, and 160 bp were developed for M. graminicola, M. oryzae, and M. salasi, respectively. These SCAR markers may be potential molecular tools for application in routine diagnostic procedures subject to their validation with other rice RKN field populations in the world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document