scholarly journals Recovery of Vaginal Microbiota after Standard Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis Infection: An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Liisa Lehtoranta ◽  
Ashley A. Hibberd ◽  
Jenni Reimari ◽  
Jouni Junnila ◽  
Nicolas Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Before And After

Vaginal microbiota dysbiosis and bacterial vaginosis (BV) affect negatively women’s health. Understanding vaginal microbiota fluctuations in BV during and after antibiotic treatment would facilitate accurate decision-making on the treatment regimen, avoid unnecessary antibiotic use, and potentially mitigate recurrence. We investigated vaginal microbiota composition of 30 women with BV before and after 5-day metronidazole treatment and compared the results with 30 healthy women. Vaginal microbiota was assessed by Nugent score and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in swabs on baseline Day 1, and on Day 8 and 15, after completion of antibiotic treatment by women with BV. Prior to antibiotic treatment (Day 1), BV-positive women were dominated by Lactobacillus iners (25.8%), Prevotella timonensis/bivia (18.0%), and Gardnerella vaginalis (14.6%), whereas healthy women were dominated by L. iners (37.5%) and Lactobacillus crispatus/acidophilus (19.2%). On Day 8, L. iners abundance increased in BV-treated women being significantly higher compared with healthy women (67.8% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.049). On Day 15, the relative abundance of all microbial taxa was similar between the groups. Vaginal microbiota of women with BV shifted to resemble that of healthy controls after metronidazole. Sequencing analysis provides more in-depth understanding of changes in vaginal microbiota. The role of L. iners in vaginal health and dysbiosis requires further investigations.

scholarly journals Replication and refinement of a vaginal microbial signature of preterm birth in two racially distinct cohorts of US women

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (37) ◽  
pp. 9966-9971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Callahan ◽  
Daniel B. DiGiulio ◽  
Daniela S. Aliaga Goltsman ◽  
Christine L. Sun ◽  
Elizabeth K. Costello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
High Risk ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have suggested that the maternal vaginal microbiota contributes to the pathophysiology of PTB, but conflicting results in recent years have raised doubts. We conducted a study of PTB compared with term birth in two cohorts of pregnant women: one predominantly Caucasian (n = 39) at low risk for PTB, the second predominantly African American and at high-risk (n = 96). We profiled the taxonomic composition of 2,179 vaginal swabs collected prospectively and weekly during gestation using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Previously proposed associations between PTB and lower Lactobacillus and higher Gardnerella abundances replicated in the low-risk cohort, but not in the high-risk cohort. High-resolution bioinformatics enabled taxonomic assignment to the species and subspecies levels, revealing that Lactobacillus crispatus was associated with low risk of PTB in both cohorts, while Lactobacillus iners was not, and that a subspecies clade of Gardnerella vaginalis explained the genus association with PTB. Patterns of cooccurrence between L. crispatus and Gardnerella were highly exclusive, while Gardnerella and L. iners often coexisted at high frequencies. We argue that the vaginal microbiota is better represented by the quantitative frequencies of these key taxa than by classifying communities into five community state types. Our findings extend and corroborate the association between the vaginal microbiota and PTB, demonstrate the benefits of high-resolution statistical bioinformatics in clinical microbiome studies, and suggest that previous conflicting results may reflect the different risk profile of women of black race.

scholarly journals The vaginal microbiota in the course of bacterial vaginosis treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy D. Zwittink ◽  
Ellen H. A. van den Munckhof ◽  
Maurine A. Leverstein-van Hall ◽  
Kim Boers ◽  
Anco Molijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is perceived as a condition of disrupted vaginal microbiota, but remains of unknown aetiology. In this study, vaginal microbiota composition was determined in twenty-one women with BV, before and after treatment with metronidazole or clindamycin. Microbiota composition varied greatly between women and defining a (un)healthy vaginal microbiota state remains elusive, challenging BV diagnosis and treatment. While relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased after antibiotic treatment in two-third of women, its abundance was not associated with treatment outcome. Instead, remaining complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge were more common after metronidazole treatment and associated with increased relative abundance of Ureaplasma.

scholarly journals Novel PCR-Based Methods Enhance Characterization of Vaginal Microbiota in a Bacterial Vaginosis Patient before and after Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 4181-4185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet A. Lambert ◽  
Apoorv Kalra ◽  
Cristina T. Dodge ◽  
Susan John ◽  
Jack D. Sobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACTDeep characterization, even by next-generation sequencing, of the vaginal microbiota in healthy women or posttreatment bacterial vaginosis patients is limited by the dominance of lactobacilli. To improve detection, we offer two approaches: quantitative PCR (qPCR) using phylogenetic branch-inclusive primers and sequencing of broad-spectrum amplicons generated with oligomers that block amplification of lactobacilli.

scholarly journals 2572. The Impact of Antibiotics on the Composition of the Vaginal Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S893-S894
Author(s):  
Sima L Sharara ◽  
Khalil Ghanem ◽  
Rebecca Brotman ◽  
Courtney Robinson ◽  
Jacques Ravel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background The impact of antibiotics on the composition of the vaginal microbiota (VMB) is poorly defined. We analyzed the VMB of women before and after the use of antibiotics. Methods We used samples from a cohort of reproductive-aged women who submitted vaginal swabs and clinical data over a 2-year period. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted, and VMB was categorized into 7 community state types (CSTs): four dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and three low in Lactobacillus, dominated by Streptococcus spp. (CST VI), Bifidobacterium spp. (CST VII), or comprising a variety of anaerobes (CST IV). CSTs were further categorized as Lactobacillus-dominated (LD) or non-Lactobacillus-dominated (NLD). We compared paired vaginal samples collected within 48 hours prior to and 48 hours after completion of antibiotics in 40 women (N = 10 systemic metronidazole, N = 6 vaginal metronidazole, N = 5 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, N = 9 amoxicillin, N = 5 azithromycin, N = 5 other), to time-matched samples in 56 controls. Exact logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of antibiotics on LD status controlling for baseline CST, race, menses, and hormonal contraceptive use. Results Women who received antibiotics were 25 times more likely to be in an LD state after antibiotics compared with those who did not receive antibiotics (p = 0.0017). NLD to LD transitions occurred almost exclusively in patients receiving metronidazole. Of 13 women who began in NLD (N = 12 in CST IV) and then received metronidazole, 84.6% (N = 11) transitioned to LD (CST III, L. iners-dominated). Of 7 women who started in an NLD state and received non-nitroimidazole antibiotics, only two (receiving clindamycin or amoxicillin) transitioned to an LD state. None of the 20 women who began in a LD state transitioned to a non-LD state after antibiotics. 12 controls were in an NLD state at baseline, of these 11 remained NLD at the second time point. 44 controls started in an LD state and all remained in LD at the second time point. Conclusion In the short term, metronidazole results in a transition of the VMB from a NLD to a L. iners-dominated state. There was little impact of non-nitroimidazole antibiotics on the VMB. Studies assessing longer-term impact of antibiotics on the composition of the VMB are needed. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Characterization of Vaginal Microbiota in Women With Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion That Can Be Modified by Drug Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuju Zhao ◽  
Yisheng Chen ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Mengyin Wu ◽  
Cui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThe role of vaginal microbiota in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of vaginal microbiota and the effects of drug treatment on vaginal microbiota of patients with RSA.MethodsA case-control study was performed, in which non-pregnant patients who experienced RSA were selected and divided into untreated and drug-treated groups. Drug-treated patients were subdivided into the metformin group, metformin plus aspirin group, and other drugs group. Healthy women who had live births and never experienced spontaneous abortion were enrolled in the control group. Characteristics of vaginal microbiomes of patients with RSA and healthy women and the impact of drug treatment on the microbiome was evaluated via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region using the Illumina MiSeq platform.ResultsWomen who underwent RSA had lower microbial richness than healthy women. Compared to controls, the relative abundance of seven taxa (Megasphaera, Sneathia sanguinegens, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, Burkholderia- Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, and Corynebacterium_1) in the patient’s vaginal microbiota changed significantly, which may be closely related to RSA. The composition of the vaginal microbial community in RSA patients was altered by drug treatment. Metformin combined with aspirin treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of vaginal Lactobacillus spp. in patients.ConclusionAn altered vaginal microbiome composition might be associated with RSA, which could be modified by drug treatment. The effect of metformin combined with aspirin on vaginal Lactobacillus is worthy of attention.

scholarly journals MinION™, a portable long-read sequencer, enables rapid vaginal microbiota analysis in a clinical setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinnosuke Komiya ◽  
Yoshiyuki Matsuo ◽  
So Nakagawa ◽  
Yoshiharu Morimoto ◽  
Kirill Kryukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIt has been suggested that the local microbiota in the reproductive organs is relevant to women’s health and may also affect pregnancy outcomes. Analysis of partial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences generated by short-read sequencers has been used to identify vaginal and endometrial microbiota, but it requires a long time to obtain the results, making it unsuitable for the rapid analysis of small samples in a clinical context. We demonstrated a simple workflow using the nanopore sequencer MinION™ that allows high-resolution and rapid differentiation of vaginal microbiota. Vaginal samples collected from 18 participants were subjected to DNA extraction and full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing with MinION™. The principal coordinate analysis showed no differences in the bacterial compositions regardless of the sample collection method. The vaginal microbiota results could be reported within 2 days of specimen receipt. Although bacterial vaginosis (BV) was not diagnosed by the Nugent score in any cases, groups with both healthy and BV-like vaginal microbiota were clearly characterized by MinION™ sequencing. We conclude that full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis with MinION™ provides a rapid means for identifying vaginal bacteria with higher resolution. Species-level profiling of human vaginal microbiota by MinION™ sequencing can allow the analysis of associations with conditions such as genital infections, endometritis, and threatened miscarriage.

scholarly journals First case of an invasive Bacteroides dorei infection detected in a patient with a mycotic aortic aneurysm—raising a rebellion of major indigenous bacteria in humans: a case report and review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Matsuoka ◽  
Takuya Shimizu ◽  
Tadanori Minagawa ◽  
Wakiko Hiranuma ◽  
Miki Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background Bacteroides dorei is an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium first described in 2006. Because of the high similarity in mass spectra between B. dorei and Bacteroides vulgatus, discriminating between these species is arduous in clinical practice. In recent decades, 16S rRNA gene sequencing has been a complementary method for distinguishing taxonomically close bacteria, including B. dorei and B. vulgatus, at the genus and species levels. Consequently, B. dorei has been shown to contribute to some diseases, including type 1 autoimmune diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic diseases. However, there are no reports on invasive infectious diseases caused by B. dorei. This report describes the first case of direct invasion and colonisation of human tissue by B. dorei, thus providing a warning regarding the previously proposed application of B. dorei as a live biotherapeutic for atherosclerotic diseases. Case presentation A 78-year-old Japanese man complained of intermittent chest/back pain and was diagnosed with a mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm by enhanced computed tomography on admission. Despite strict blood pressure control and empirical antibiotic therapy, the patient’s condition worsened. To prevent aneurysmal rupture and eliminate infectious foci, the patient underwent surgical treatment. The resected specimen was subjected to tissue culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to identify pathogenic bacteria. A few days after the surgery, culture and sequencing results revealed that the pathogen was B. dorei/B. vulgatus and B. dorei, respectively. The patient was successfully treated with appropriate antibacterial therapy and after improvement, was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation on postoperative day 34. There was no recurrence of infection or aneurysm after the patient transfer. Conclusions This report describes the first case of invasive infectious disease caused by B. dorei, casting a shadow over its utilisation as a probiotic for atherosclerotic diseases.

scholarly journals Determination of important enzymes and antimicrobial resistances of gram-positive haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from Salda Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Pınar Çağlayan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

As an extreme environment, soda lakes harbor various haloalkaliphilic microorganisms. Salda Lake is one of the natural soda lake (pH˃9) in Turkey. Haloalkaliphiles are unique microorganisms in their ability to live in high alkaline and high saline conditions, and play an important role in biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons. Hence, the aims of this study were to isolate haloalkaliphilic bacteria from water sample of Salda Lake, to identify these isolates by both conventional and molecular methods, to screen their industrially important enzymes, and to investigate their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Six isolates were identified as Bacillus horneckiae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus paramycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus haynesii according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The industrially important enzymes (amylase, cellulase, pullulanase, lipase, urease, protease, caseinase, oxidase, catalase) were produced by haloalkaliphilic isolates. These enzymes maybe used in alkaline and saline industrial processes. Although Bacillus subtilis was susceptible to all antibiotics, other isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The resistance against antibiotics were found as ampicillin/sulbactam 83%, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 83%, ampicillin 67%, mupirocin 67%, chloramphenicol 50%, tetracycline 50%, imipenem 50%, meropenem 50%, cefadroxil 17%. These bacteria may have develope resistance to antibiotics that entering their natural environment in different ways.

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