scholarly journals Fecal Pollution Drives Antibiotic Resistance and Class 1 Integron Abundance in Aquatic Environments of the Bolivian Andes Impacted by Mining and Wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Jorge Agramont ◽  
Sergio Gutiérrez-Cortez ◽  
Enrique Joffré ◽  
Åsa Sjöling ◽  
Carla Calderon Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

An increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments has been linked to environmental pollution. Mining polluted sites with high concentration of metals could favor the in situ coselection of ARGs, whereas wastewater discharges release fecal antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. To study the effect of human fecal contamination and mining pollution, water and sediment samples affected by mining activities and sewage discharges were collected from three lakes in Bolivia, the pristine Andean lake Pata Khota, the Milluni Chico lake directly impacted by acid mine drainage, and the Uru-Uru lake located close to Oruro city and highly polluted by mining activities and human wastewater discharges. Physicochemical parameters, including metal composition, were analyzed in water and sediment samples. ARGs were screened for and verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) together with the mobile element class 1 integron (intl1), as well as crAssphage, a marker of human fecal pollution. The gene intl1 was positively correlated with sul1, sul2, tetA, and blaOXA-2. CrAssphage was only detected in the Uru-Uru lake, and its tributaries and significantly higher abundance of ARGs were found in these sites. Multivariate analysis showed that crAssphage abundance, electrical conductivity, and pH were positively correlated with higher levels of intl1 and ARGs. Taken together, our results suggest that fecal pollution is the major driver of higher levels of ARGs and intl1 in environments contaminated by wastewater and mining activities.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance genes and class 1 integron: Evidence of fecal pollution as a major driver for their abundance in water and sediments impacted by metal contamination and wastewater in the Andean region of Bolivia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Agramont ◽  
Sergio Gutierrez-Cortez ◽  
Enrique Joffré ◽  
Åsa Sjöling ◽  
Carla Calderon Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

AbstractWater and sediment samples affected by mining activities were collected from three lakes in Bolivia, the pristine Andean lake Pata Khota, the Milluni Chico lake directly impacted by acid mine drainage, and the Uru-Uru lake located close to Oruro city and highly polluted by mining activities and human wastewater discharges. Physicochemical parameters, including metal compositions, were analyzed in water and sediment samples. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), were screened for, and verified by quantitative PCR together with the mobile element class 1 integron (intl1) as well as crAssphage, a marker of human fecal pollution. The gene intl1 showed a positive correlation with sul1, sul2, tetA and blaOXA-2. CrAssphage was only detected in Uru-Uru lake and its tributaries and significantly higher abundance of ARGs were found in these sites. Multivariate analysis showed that crAssphage abundance, electrical conductivity and pH were positively correlated with higher levels of intl1 and ARGs. Taken together our results suggest that fecal pollution is the major driver of higher ARGs and intl1 in wastewater and mining contaminated environments.

scholarly journals Biokonsentrasi Timbal (Pb) pada Hepatopankreas, Insang dan Daging Penaeus merguiensis di Teluk Kelabat Bagian Luar

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Derra Alianie Tawa ◽  
Budi Afriyansyah ◽  
Muhammad Ihsan ◽  
Mohammad Agung Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Penaeus Merguiensis ◽  
Pb Concentration ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

Illegal tin mining or unconventional mining activities produce tailings. Tailings contain dangerous heavy metals one of which is Lead (Pb). The increasing concentration of Pb in the waters will also increase its concentration in the body of the biota, one of which is shrimp. The purpose of this study was to analyse the Pb content in gills, hepatopancreas and muscle in Penaeus merguiensis, analyse the Pb content in water and sediments, measure the ability of Penaeus merguiensis in accumulating Pb in water and sediments, and determine the safe limit for consumption. Shrimp, water and sediment samples were analysed using AAS. The results showed that the highest Pb concentration in Penaeus merguiensis was hepatopancreas> gill> meat, with an average range of 0,1897–0,4064 mg/kg, gills 0,2424-0,4770 mg/kg, and meat 0,1348-0,1636 mg/kg. The average Pb concentration in water ranged from 0,2624 to 0,5713 mg/L, while the sediment ranged from 0,2783 to 0,9760 mg/kg. The ability of Penaeus merguensis to accumulate Pb included in the low category. The value of daily intake is around 9,760-11,128 kg/week. Aktivitas penambangan timah illegal atau tambang inkonvensional menghasilkan sisa limbah buangan (Tailing). Tailing mengandung logam berat berbahaya salah satunya Timbal (Pb). Meningkatnya konsentrasi Pb di perairan akan meningkat pula konsentrasinya dalam tubuh biota, salah satunya udang. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kandungan Pb pada insang, hepatopankreas dan daging pada Penaeus merguiensis, menganalisis kandungan Pb pada air dan sedimen, mengukur kemampuan Penaeus merguiensis dalam mengakumulasikan Pb di air dan sedimen, dan menentukan nilai batas aman konsumsi. Sampel udang, air dan sedimen dianalisis menggunakan AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Pb tertinggi pada Penaeus merguiensis adalah hepatopankreas>insang>daging, dengan kisaran rata-rata 0,1897–0,4064 mg/kg, insang 0,2424-0,4770 mg/kg, dan daging 0,1348-0,1636 mg/kg. Konsentrasi Pb rata-rata dalam air berkisar antara 0,2624-0,5713 mg/L, sementara sedimen berkisar dari 0,2783-0,9760 mg/kg. Kemampuan Penaeus merguensis untuk mengakumulasi Pb termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Nilai asupan harian sekitar 9,760-11,128 kg/minggu.

scholarly journals The household resistome – frequency of beta-lactamases, class 1 integron and antibiotic resistant bacteria in the domestic environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Schages ◽  
Ralf Lucassen ◽  
Florian Wichern ◽  
Rainer Kalscheuer ◽  
Dirk Bockmühl
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Domestic Environment ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Resistant Strains

AbstractThe widespread of antibiotic resistance (ABR) among bacteria has become a global health concern for humans, animals and the environment. In this respect, beta-lactams and colistin are of particular interest due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Households provide a habitat for bacteria originating from humans, animals, foods, contaminated clothes or other sources in which detergents and biocides are frequently used. Thus, bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) might be introduced into private households and may consequently be also released from households to the environment via domestic wastewater. Since data on ABR in the domestic environment is limited, this study aimed to determine the abundance and correlation of beta-lactamase, mobile colistin resistance and class 1 integron genes and to characterize phenotypic resistant strains in private households in Germany. Additionally, the persistence of ABR bacteria to laundering and automated dishwashing was assessed. Shower drains, washing machines and dishwashers were sampled and analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Resistant strains were isolated, followed by identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing using VITEK 2. The results show a significantly higher occurrence of ARGs in shower drains compared to washing machines and dishwashers. Several beta-lactamase genes co-occurred and resistance of bacterial isolates correlated positively with genotypic resistance. Laundering and automated dishwashing reduced ABR bacteria significantly and the efficacy increased with increasing duration and temperature. Overall, the domestic environment seems to represent a potential reservoir of beta-lactamase genes and beta-lactam resistant bacteria with shower drains as the dominant source of ABR.ImportanceThe abundance of ABR bacteria and ARGs is steadily increasing and has been comprehensively analyzed in natural environments, animals, foods or wastewater treatment plants. Despite of their connection to these environments, private households seem to be neglected. Therefore, the present study investigated shower drains, washing machines and dishwashers as possible sites of ARGs and ABR bacteria. The analysis of the domestic environment as a potential reservoir of resistant bacteria is crucial to determine whether households contribute to the spread of ABR or are a habitat where resistant bacteria from the environment, humans, food or water accumulate.

Occurrence of antibiotic resistance and integronase genes in Taihu Lake

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang Wang ◽  
Haiqing Pu ◽  
Lin Ye ◽  
Liangyan Chen ◽  
Xuxiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), a potential threat to the health of humans and animals, have been widely detected in various environments. However, not much information about ARGs in freshwater lakes have been recorded. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of 17 kinds of ARGs and three types of integronase genes in Taihu Lake (China), an important drinking water source for local residents. Fecal coliforms were also isolated from the water and sediments for antimicrobial susceptibility tests and related ARGs detection. Results showed that tetracycline resistance gene tetC, sulfanilamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2, and class 1 integronase gene int1 were present in all water and sediment samples. TetG was present in all water samples but was mainly distributed in sediment samples from the northern region of Taihu Lake. β-Lactam resistance gene blaOXA-1 was present in all water samples but was absent in the sediment samples. TetM and tetO were found present in water and sediment samples from the western area of the lake. Remarkably, 95% of isolated fecal coliforms were resistant to trimethoprim and multi-drug resistant isolates were also observed. Sul1 and tetC genes were found to be carried by isolates resistant to corresponding antibiotics. This study provided baseline information about the occurrence of ARGs and integronase genes in Taihu Lake and the results may extend our knowledge about antibiotic resistance of microbial communities in the lake.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia fergusonii Isolated from Broiler Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN SIMMONS ◽  
M. RASHEDUL ISLAM ◽  
HEIDI REMPEL ◽  
GLENN BLOCK ◽  
EDWARD TOPP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Commercial Broiler

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia fergusonii isolated from commercial broiler chicken farms. A total of 245 isolates from cloacal and cecal samples of 28- to 36-day-old chickens were collected from 32 farms. Isolates were identified using PCR, and their susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion assay. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. The most common resistances were against ampicillin (75.1%), streptomycin (62.9%), and tetracycline (57.1%). Of the 184 ampicillin-resistant isolates, 127 were investigated using a DNA microarray carrying 75 probes for antibiotic resistance genetic determinants. Of these 127 isolates, the β-lactamase blaCMY2, blaTEM, blaACT, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M-15 genes were detected in 120 (94.5%), 31 (24.4%), 8 (6.3%), 6 (4.7%), and 4 (3.2%) isolates, respectively. Other detected genes included those conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1, strA, strB), trimethoprims (dfrV, dfrA1), tetracyclines (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE), and sulfonamides (sul1, sul2). Class 1 integron was found in 35 (27.6%) of the ampicillin-resistant isolates. However, our data showed that the tested E. fergusonii did not carry any carbapenemase blaOXA genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the selected ampicillin-resistant E. fergusonii isolates were genetically diverse. The present study indicates that the monitoring of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria should include enteric bacteria such as E. fergusonii, which could be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. The detection of isolates harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, particularly blaCTX-M-15, in this work suggests that further investigations on the occurrence of such genes in broilers are warranted.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Presence of Class 1 Integrons Among Different Serotypes of Salmonella spp. Recovered From Children with Diarrhea in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Hanieh Eshaghi Zadeh ◽  
Hossein Fahimi ◽  
Fatemeh Fardsanei ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
C 30

Background: Salmonellosis is a major food-borne disease worldwide. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. is concerning. Objective: The main objective of this study is to identify class 1 integron genes and to determine antibiotic resistance patterns among Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea. Methods: A total of 30 Salmonella isolates were recovered from children with diarrhea. The isolates were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and screened for the presence of class 1 integron genes (i.e. intI1, sulI1, and qacEΔ1). Results: The most prevalent serotype was Enteritidis 36.7%, followed by Paratyphi C (30%), and Typhimurium (16.7%). The highest rates of antibiotic resistance were obtained for nalidixic acid (53.3%), followed by streptomycin (40%), and tetracycline (36.7%). Regarding class 1 integrons, 36.7%, 26.7%, and 33.3% of the isolates carried intI1, SulI, and qacEΔ1, respectively, most of which (81.8%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of class 1 integron was significantly associated with resistance to streptomycin and tetracycline (p = 0.042). However, there was no association between class 1 integron and other antibiotics used in this study (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The high frequency of integron class 1 gene in MDR Salmonella strains indicates that these mobile genetic elements are versatile among different Salmonella serotypes, and associated with reduced susceptibility to many antimicrobials.

Antibiotic resistance and class 1 integron genes distribution in irrigation water-soil-crop continuum as a function of irrigation water sources

2021 ◽  
pp. 117930
Author(s):  
Zahra shamsizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush ◽  
Mahnaz Nikaeen ◽  
Farzaneh mohammadi ◽  
Mehdi Mokhtari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1

Taking the pulse of Mother Ganga - Revealing the visible and invisible water pollution crisis along the Ganges River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Network ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

<p>It is probably hard to overestimate the significance of the River Ganges for its spiritual, cultural and religious importance. As the worlds’ most populated river basin and a major water resource for the 400 million people inhabiting its catchment, the Ganges represents one of the most complex and stressed river systems globally. This makes the understanding and management of its water quality an act of humanitarian and geopolitical relevance. Water quality along the Ganges is critically impacted by multiple stressors, including agricultural, industrial and domestic pollution inputs, a lack and failure of water and sanitation infrastructure, increasing water demands in areas of intense population growth and migration, as well as the severe implications of land use and climate change. Some aspects of water pollution are readily visualised as the river network evolves, whilst others contribute to an invisible water crisis (Worldbank, 2019) that affects the life and health of hundreds of millions of people.</p><p>We report the findings of a large collaborative study to monitor the evolution of water pollution along the 2500 km length of the Ganges river and its major tributaries that was carried out over a six-week period in Nov/Dec 2019 by three teams of more than 30 international researchers from 10 institutions. Surface water and sediment were sampled from more than 80 locations along the river and analysed for organic contaminants, nutrients, metals, pathogen indicators, microbial activity and diversity as well as microplastics, integrating in-situ fluorescence and UV absorbance optical sensor technologies with laboratory sample preparation and analyses. Water and sediment samples were analysed to identify the co-existence of pollution hotspots, quantify their spatial footprint and identify potential source areas, dilution, connectivity and thus, derive understanding of the interactions between proximal and distal of sources solute and particulate pollutants.</p><p>Our results reveal the co-existence of distinct pollution hotspots for several contaminants that can be linked to population density and land use in the proximity of sampling sites as well as the contributing catchment area. While some pollution hotspots were characterised by increased concentrations of most contaminant groups, several hotspots of specific pollutants (e.g., microplastics) were identified that could be linked to specific cultural and religious activities. Interestingly, the downstream footprint of specific pollution hotspots from contamination sources along the main stem of the Ganges or through major tributaries varied between contaminants, with generally no significant downstream accumulation emerging in water pollution levels, bearing significant implications for the spatial reach and legacy of pollution hotspots. Furthermore, the comparison of the downstream evolution of multi-pollution profiles between surface water and sediment samples support interpretations of the role of in-stream fate and transport processes in comparison to patterns of pollution source zone activations across the channel. In reporting the development of this multi-dimensional pollution dataset, we intend to stimulate a discussion on the usefulness of large river network surveys to better understand the relative contributions, footprints and impacts of variable pollution sources and how this information can be used for integrated approaches in water resources and pollution management.</p>

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