scholarly journals Fungal Community in Antarctic Soil Along the Retreating Collins Glacier (Fildes Peninsula, King George Island)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Juliana Aparecida dos Santos ◽  
Edenilson Meyer ◽  
Lara Durães Sette
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Glacial Retreat ◽  
Fildes Peninsula ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Changes Over Time

Glacial retreat is one of the most conspicuous signs of warming in Antarctic regions. Glacier soils harbor an active microbial community of decomposers, and under the continuous retraction of glaciers, the soil starts to present a gradient of physical, chemical, and biological factors reflecting regional changes over time. Little is known about the biological nature of fungi in Antarctic glacier soils. In this sense, this work aimed at studying the behavior of fungal community structure from samples of glacier soil collected after glacial retreat (Collins Glacier). A total of 309 fungi distributed in 19 genera were obtained from eleven soil samples. Representatives of the genera Pseudogymnoascus (Ascomycota) and Mortierella (Mortierellomycota) were the most abundant isolates in all samples. The data revealed the presence of filamentous fungi belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota, rarely found in Antarctica. Analysis of the generalized linear models revealed that the distance from the glacier as well as phosphorus and clay were able to modify the distribution of fungal species. Environmental variations proved to have influenced the genera Pseudogymnoascus and Pseudeutorium.

scholarly journals Rhizospheric Fungal Diversities and Soil Biochemical Factors of Fritillaria taipaiensis over Five Cultivation Years

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Nong Zhou ◽  
Maojun Mu ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
You Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Available N ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Plant

Fritillaria taipaiensis is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal plant that has experienced continuous decline over its cropping area. The present study aims to explore the reasons for the quality and growth decline. The fungal diversities and biochemical factors in its rhizospheric soils with cultivation duration from 1 up to 5 years were analyzed and compared. The results showed that rhizospheric fungi of F. taipaiensis belong to six phyla, including Neocallimastigomycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota and Ascomycota. Thirteen genera (Pseudogymnoascus, Fusarium, Mortierella, Colletotrichum, Laetinaevia, Gibberella, Synchytrium, Lysurus, Trichocladium, Volutella, Monoblepharis, Aquamyces and Trichoderma) constituted the “core community” in the rhizosphere of F. taipaiensis. The dominant fungal genera varied significantly in rhizospheric soils with different cultivation years. The abundance of fungal species in the soil declined with the cultivation year generally. The pH, available P, organic matter and urease activity were the primary factors determining the fungal community composition in the rhizosphere. The content of organic matter, available N, P and K and the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase decreased with cultivation years. The soil pH increased with cultivation years and was unsuitable for F. taipaiensis growth. These features suggested that long-term single planting altered the fungal community structure, fertility conditions and soil enzyme activities in F. taipaiensis rhizospheric soils, which could be detrimental for plant growth and quality.

scholarly journals Fungal Deterioration of the Bagasse Storage from the Harvested Sugarcane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Peng ◽  
Ziting Yao ◽  
Ziting Wang ◽  
Jiangfeng Huang ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Sugarcane is an essential crop for sugar and ethanol production. Immediate processing of sugarcane is necessary after harvesting because of rapid sucrose losses and deterioration of stalks. This study was conducted to fill the knowledge gap regarding the exploration of fungal communities in harvested deteriorating sugarcane. Experiments were performed on simulating production at 30 ℃ and 40 ℃ after 0, 12, and 60 hours (h) of sugarcane harvesting and powder-processing. Results Both pH and sugar content declined significantly within 12 h. Fungal taxa were unraveled using ITS amplicon sequencing. With the increasing temperature, the diversity of the fungal community decreased over time. The fungal community structure significantly changed within 12 h of bagasse storage. Before storing, the dominant genus (species) in bagasse was Wickerhamomyces (W. anomalus). Following storage, at 30 ℃ and 40°C, Kazachstania (K. humilis) and Saccharomyces (S. cerevisiae) gradually grew, becoming abundant fungi. We found that the bagasse at different temperatures had a similar pattern after storage for the same intervals, indicating that the temperature was the primary cause for the variation of core features. Moreover, the impact of dominant fungal species on sugar content and pH of stored sugarcane juice was investigated. Also, the correlation between top fungal genera and significant environmental factors was assessed. Conclusions The study highlighted the importance of timeliness to refine sugar as soon as possible after harvesting the sugarcane crop. The lessons learned from this research are vital for sugarcane growers and the sugar industry for minimizing postharvest losses.

scholarly journals Fungal deterioration of the bagasse storage from the harvested sugarcane

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Peng ◽  
Ziting Yao ◽  
Ziting Wang ◽  
Jiangfeng Huang ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Sugarcane is an essential crop for sugar and ethanol production. Immediate processing of sugarcane is necessary after harvested because of rapid sucrose losses and deterioration of stalks. This study was conducted to fill the knowledge gap regarding the exploration of fungal communities in harvested deteriorating sugarcane. Experiments were performed on simulating production at 30 °C and 40 °C after 0, 12, and 60 h of sugarcane harvesting and powder-processing. Results Both pH and sucrose content declined significantly within 12 h. Fungal taxa were unraveled using ITS amplicon sequencing. With the increasing temperature, the diversity of the fungal community decreased over time. The fungal community structure significantly changed within 12 h of bagasse storage. Before stored, the dominant genus (species) in bagasse was Wickerhamomyces (W. anomalus). Following storage, Kazachstania (K. humilis) and Saccharomyces (S. cerevisiae) gradually grew, becoming abundant fungi at 30 °C and 40 °C. The bagasse at different temperatures had a similar pattern after storage for the same intervals, indicating that the temperature was the primary cause for the variation of core features. Moreover, most of the top fungal genera were significantly correlated with environmental factors (pH and sucrose of sugarcane, storage time, and temperature). In addition, the impact of dominant fungal species isolated from the deteriorating sugarcane on sucrose content and pH in the stored sugarcane juice was verified. Conclusions The study highlighted the importance of timeliness to refine sugar as soon as possible after harvesting the sugarcane. The lessons learned from this research are vital for sugarcane growers and the sugar industry for minimizing post-harvest losses.

scholarly journals Role of Pirin, an Oxidative Stress Sensor Protein, in Epithelial Carcinogenesis

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Francisco Perez-Dominguez ◽  
Diego Carrillo-Beltrán ◽  
Rancés Blanco ◽  
Juan P. Muñoz ◽  
Grettell León-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Epithelial Cancers ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sensor Protein ◽  
Cupin Superfamily ◽  
Functionally Diverse ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer

Pirin is an oxidative stress (OS) sensor belonging to the functionally diverse cupin superfamily of proteins. Pirin is a suggested quercetinase and transcriptional activator of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. Its biological role in cancer development remains a novel area of study. This review presents accumulating evidence on the contribution of Pirin in epithelial cancers, involved signaling pathways, and as a suggested therapeutic target. Finally, we propose a model in which Pirin is upregulated by physical, chemical or biological factors involved in OS and cancer development.

scholarly journals Silver-Derived Antimicrobial Coatings for the Prevention of Microbial Biofilms in Metal Pipes

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vela-Cano ◽  
C. Garcia-Fontana ◽  
F. Osorio ◽  
A. González-Martinez ◽  
J. González-López
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Coatings ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Silver Zeolite ◽  
Metal Pipes ◽  
Pipeline Corrosion

AbstractBiodeterioration is one of the most important processes in metal pipeline corrosion, and it can be due to physical, chemical, and biological factors. Coatings rich in silver have been used to inhibit this undesirable phenomenon. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of several silver-containing products used as a coating in pipelines were determined on a pilot scale in order to evaluate the ability of silver to inhibit biofilm formation. The results showed that the coating with silver zeolite at a concentration of 2000 mg L–1 inhibited the formation of a microbial biofilm and prevented the biodeterioration process. Therefore, from our study, it can be concluded that silver zeolite shows greater protection capacity than other silver preparations and presents advantages in relation to other silver coatings that are currently available

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal fungal community structure in tropical humid soils under fallow and cropping conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jemo ◽  
Driss Dhiba ◽  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Community Structure

scholarly journals Eutypella parasitica and Other Frequently Isolated Fungi in Wood of Dead Branches of Young Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in Slovenia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Brglez ◽  
Barbara Piškur ◽  
Nikica Ogris
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Sycamore Maple

Eutypella parasitica R.W. Davidson and R.C. Lorenz is the causative agent of Eutypella canker of maple, a destructive disease of maples in Europe and North America. The fungus E. parasitica infects the trunk through a branch stub or bark wound. Because the fungal community may have an impact on infection and colonization by E. parasitica, the composition of fungi colonizing wood of dead branches of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) was investigated in five sampling sites in Slovenia. Forty samples from each sampling site were collected between the November 2017 and March 2018 period. Isolations were made from the wood in the outer part of dead branches and from discoloured wood in the trunk that originated from a dead branch. Pure cultures were divided into morphotypes, and one representative culture per morphotype was selected for further molecular identification. From a total of 2700 cultured subsamples, 1744 fungal cultures were obtained, which were grouped into 212 morphotypes. The investigated samples were colonized by a broad spectrum of fungi. The most frequently isolated species were Eutypa maura (Fr.) Sacc., Eutypa sp. Tul. and C. Tul., Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., Neocucurbitaria acerina Wanas., Camporesi, E.B.G. Jones and K.D. Hyde and E. parasitica. In this study, we distinguished species diversity and the fungal community. There were no significant differences in the diversity of fungal species between the five sampling sites, and branch thickness did not prove to be a statistically significant factor in fungal species diversity. Nevertheless, relatively low Jaccard similarity index values suggested possible differences in the fungal communities from different sampling sites. This was confirmed by an analysis of similarities, which showed that the isolated fungal community distinctly differed between the five sampling sites and between the different isolation sources. Eutypella parasitica was isolated from all five investigated sampling sites, although Eutypella cankers were observed in only three sampling sites, indicating the possibility of asymptomatic infection.

scholarly journals Common garden experiments disentangle plant genetic and environmental contributions to ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adair Patterson ◽  
Lluvia Flores-Rentería ◽  
Amy Whipple ◽  
Thomas Whitham ◽  
Catherine Gehring
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community ◽  
Common Garden Experiments
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