scholarly journals Duration of Prebiotic Intake Is a Key-Factor for Diet-Induced Modulation of Immunity and Fecal Fermentation Products in Dogs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Mariana P. Perini ◽  
Mariana F. Rentas ◽  
Raquel Pedreira ◽  
Andressa R. Amaral ◽  
Rafael V. A. Zafalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Analysis System

Prebiotics promote health benefits, however, there is no consensus on the minimal intake period required in order to obtain good results. This study evaluated the effect of the time of ingestion of prebiotics on fecal fermentation products and immunological features in dogs. Twenty-four adult dogs were randomly distributed in a block design with six groups and four treatments. Diet and intake period were variation factors. Diets were either a control diet without the addition of prebiotic (CO) or with the inclusion of 1% of a commercial product containing a minimum of 0.38% galactooligosaccharides (GOS), 0.5% (B1) or 1% (B2) of a prebiotic blend. Time variable was set at 30 and 60 days for evaluation of immunity and gut health. Results were analyzed in the Statistical Analysis System software (SAS), version 9.4, considering the repeated measures over time design, and means were compared by the Tukey test and p < 0.05 was significant. Propionic acid was the only variable that had an interaction effect, with reduction of this metabolite in treatment B2 in the period of 60 days. At T60, concentrations of immunoglobulin A, lactic acid, and pH in the feces increased (p < 0.05) in all treatments regardless of prebiotic inclusion or not. GOS increased fecal score and lactic acid concentrations. Therefore, a 60-day intake period of a prebiotic blend was not sufficient to modulate fecal and immune variables and higher concentrations of a single prebiotic would be more relevant for results.

Assessment of plant population on growth, fibre and seed yield of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Ibadan western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
S.O. Olanipekun ◽  
A.O. Togun ◽  
S.A. Adejumo ◽  
O.N. Adeniyan ◽  
A.K. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Bast Fibre ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Seed Yields

Kenaf is a multi-purpose crop with numerous industrial uses. Its production is constrained by poor cultural and agronomic practices which reduce yield. Inappropriate spacing among others could result in low yield. Effect of plant spacing on growth and yield of kenaf was investigated in Ibadan, Nigeria. Kenaf seed was sown (2 plants/stand) at three plant spacing: 50×15, 50×20, 50×25 cm was assessed for seed and bast fibre yields using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The analysis was done using statistical analysis system (SAS). Plant spacing differed significantly for bast fibre and seed yields. Highest bast fibre yield (0.9±0.03) and seed yield (0.5±0.01) were obtained at 50×20 cm and 50×25 cm spacing, respectively, while the lowest bast fibre yield (0.7±0.01) and seed yield (0.3±0.01) were obtained at 50×15 cm spacing. Spacing of 50 × 15 cm and 50 × 20 cm are appropriate when planting for fibre while 50 × 25cm is appropriate for seed production. Keywords: Kenaf, Spacing, Fibre and Seed yield.

scholarly journals 223DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN OF SMALL (1-3mm) ANTRAL FOLLICLES IN THE BOVINE OVARY

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
R.S. Jaiswal ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
G.P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Developmental Pattern ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bovine Ovary ◽  
Analysis System

Knowledge about the developmental pattern of small follicles (&lt;4mm) will be crucial to understanding the endogenous control of folliculogenesis and to developing methods to control it for clinical purposes. This study was designed to characterize the developmental pattern of 1–3mm follicles and to determine, retrospectively, the stage at which the future dominant follicle first attains a size advantage among follicles in the cohort. In Experiment 1, the ovaries of Hereford-cross heifers (n=18) were examined daily by high resolution transrectal ultrasonography for one natural interovulatory interval to evaluate changes in the number of 1–3-mm follicles in relation to the wave pattern of follicles ≥4mm. Interovulatory interval was divided into 2- and 3-wave based on number of waves exhibited by heifers. In Experiment 2, the ovaries of Hereford-cross cows (n=9) were examined every 6h from Day 5 to Day 13 (Day 0=ovulation) to monitor precisely the diameter changes of individual follicles ≥1mm during emergence of the second follicular wave. Data were analyzed by Proc. Mixed procedure for repeated measures (Littell RC et al., 2000 Stat in med 19, 1793–1819) in the Statistical Analysis System software package (SAS version 8.2 for MS Windows;; 2002 SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA). Results of Experiment 1 revealed a day effect (P&lt;0.05) on the number of small (1–3mm) follicles, with a peak (P&lt;0.05) 1 or 2 days before wave emergence (defined as the day the dominant follicle was first detected at 4mm), followed 3 to 4 days later by a peak (P&lt;0.05) in the number of large follicles (≥4mm). There was an inverse relationship between the number of small and large follicles during Wave 1 (r=−0.66; P=0.05) and Wave 2 (r=−0.62; P=0.04) in 2-wave interovulatory intervals. Similarly, an inverse relation was detected between the number of small and large follicles for Wave 1 (r=−0.79; P=0.01) and Wave 3 (r=−0.90; P&lt;0.01) but not for Wave 2 (r=−0.57; P=0.14) in 3-wave interovulatory intervals. The number of 1–3-mm follicles detected in anovulatory waves did not differ (P=0.53) between 2- versus 3-wave interovulatory intervals;; however, a difference (P&lt;0.05) was observed between anovulatory and ovulatory waves in 3-wave interovulatory intervals but not (P=0.63) in 2-wave interovulatory intervals. Experiment 2 permitted the identification of the future dominant follicle at a diameter of 1mm and its emergence at 6–12h earlier than the largest subordinate follicle (P&lt;0.01). Emergence of the future dominant (r=0.71; P=0.05) and 1st subordinate (r=0.78; P=0.02) follicles was temporally associated with a wave-eliciting rise in circulating concentrations of FSH. Growth rate of the dominant and the 1st subordinate follicle differed (P&lt;0.01) from 2nd subordinate follicle at 84h after their detection at 1mm. It was concluded that small antral follicles (1–3mm) develop in a wave-like manner, and apparent selection of the dominant follicle was manifest much earlier than previously documented.

scholarly journals Sugarcane fibre may prevents hairball formation in cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna A. Loureiro ◽  
Guilherme Sembenelli ◽  
Ana P. J. Maria ◽  
Ricardo S. Vasconcellos ◽  
Fabiano C. Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Insoluble Fibre

AbstractHair ingested by licking during cat grooming can eventually coalesce into solid masses in cat gastrointestinal tract. It is believed that dietary fibre might reduce formation of these trichobezoars (hairballs). The effects of two insoluble fibre sources added to kibble diets were evaluated with respect to trichobezoar faecal excretion. Thirty-two cats and four diets were used in a randomised block design: a control diet without additional fibre, 10 % added sugarcane fibre, 20 % added sugarcane fibre or 10 % added cellulose. Animals were fed for 42 d and during three separate periods (days 15–17, 25–27 and 40–42), the cats were housed individually in metabolic cages and their faeces were totally collected. The faeces were evaluated and the trichobezoars were isolated and classified into small (<1 cm), medium (1·1–2 cm) or large (>2·1 cm). Means were evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA and contrasts (P < 0·05). Cats fed sugarcane fibre shown a linear reduction of small and medium trichobezoar excretion (number per cat per day;P = 0·004) as well as a reduction in trichobezoar mass excretion (mg per cat per day;P < 0·01). The control group showed increased faecal excretion of large trichobezoars (P = 0·003), which were not present in the high sugarcane fibre group (P < 0·006). No effect of cellulose was observed for any evaluated trait. Therefore, long fibres (sugarcane fibre) may cause greater peristaltic stimulation, increasing the propulsion of hair through the gut, but further research is needed to validate this mechanism. In conclusion, sugarcane fibre reduced faecal hairball elimination in cats, which may have clinical applications for the prevention of health problems related to trichobezoars.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterisation of Global Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana, L. Gaertn) Germplasm Reaction to Striga in Kenya

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sirengo Peter Nyongesa ◽  
Oduor Chrispus ◽  
Dennis Simiyu Wamalwa ◽  
Odeny Damaris Achieng ◽  
Rajneesh Paliwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Analysis System

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana, L. Gaertn) is an important food crop in Africa and Asia. Its grain is richer in protein, fat and minerals than other major cereals. The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth seriously limits finger millet production through reduced yield in agro-ecologies where they co-exist. The damage of Striga to cereal crops is more severe under drought and low soil fertility. The main objective of this study was to determine genetic basis for reaction to S. hermonthica among the selected germplasm of finger millet through genotyping by sequencing (GBS). One hundred finger millet genotypes were evaluated for reaction to S. hermonthica (Del) Benth infestation under field conditions at Alupe and Kibos in Western Kenya. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of 10 x 10 square (triple lattice). The genotypes were planted both under Striga (inoculated) and no Striga conditions and plant growth was monitored to maturity. Statistical analysis of phenotypic data using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) PROC ANOVA revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for morphological traits at P<0.05.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different blends of medium-chain fatty acids, lactic acid, and monolaurin on nursery pig growth performance12

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 548-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori L Thomas ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 710 pigs (Line 400 × 200, DNA, Columbus, net energy (NE)) were used in two experiments (Exp. 1: initially, 6.3 ± 0.05 kg; Exp. 2: initially, 6.8 ± 0.05 kg) to evaluate the effects of two medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) based products on nursery pig growth performance. Following their arrival at the nursery facility, pigs were randomized to pens (five pigs per pen) and allowed a 4-d acclimation period. Thereafter, pens of pigs were blocked by initial weight and randomized to dietary treatment. In Exp. 1, the dietary treatments were a dose titration of: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% MCFA-based additive, as well as a diet including 1.0% MCFA from a 1:1:1 blend of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0. In Exp.2, dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet containing no MCFA (control), the control diet with a 1.0% inclusion of four different blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin or a diet with 1.0% added MCFA (a 1:1:1 blend of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0). The four blends consisted of 50% C6:0, 20% lactic acid, and increasing levels of monolaurin (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) at the expense of C12:0 (30%, 20%, 10%, and 0%). Treatment diets were formulated and manufactured in two dietary phases. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit. In Exp. 1, overall (days 0–34), increasing CaptiSURE increased (linear, P ≤ 0.014) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI). Feed efficiency improved (quadratic, P = 0.002) with increasing CaptiSURE up to 1.0% of the diet with no benefit thereafter. There was no evidence for differences between pigs fed 1.0% CaptiSURE and pigs fed the 1.0% MCFA blend of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0. In Exp. 2, overall (days 0–35), pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend had increased (P &lt; 0.034) ADFI and ADG resulting in 0.9 kg greater final weight (P = 0.014) compared with the control group. There was no evidence that the mean performance of pigs fed the four blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin were different from the pigs fed the control diet. In summary, the addition of a 1.0% 1:1:1 blend of C6:0, C8:0, and C10:0 in nursery pig diets improved ADG, ADFI, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) compared with pigs fed the control diet. In addition, providing nursery pigs with the MCFA product CaptiSURE, up to 2% of the diet, resulted in linear improvements in ADG and ADFI. Altering the C12:0 to monolaurin ratio and adding lactic acid did not improve growth performance compared with pigs fed the control diet.

scholarly journals Carbon Storage and Carbon Dioxide Emission as Influenced by Long-term Conservation Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Corn-Soybean Rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Muhajir Utomo ◽  
Henrie Buchari ◽  
Irwan Sukri Banuwa ◽  
Lanang Koko Fernando ◽  
Rahmat Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Analysis System

Although agriculture is a victim of environmental risk due to global warming, but ironically it also contributes to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The objective of this experiment was to determine the influence of long-term conservation tillage and N fertilization on soil carbon storage and CO2 emission in corn-soybean rotation system. A factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with four replications. The first factor was tillage systems namely intensive tillage (IT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT). While the second factor was N fertilization with rate of 0, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 applied for corn, and 0, 25, and 50 kg N ha-1 for soybean production. Samples of soil organic carbon (SOC) after 23 year of cropping were taken at depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm, while CO2 emission measurements were taken in corn season (2009) and soybean season (2010). Analysis of variance and means test (HSD 0.05) were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System package. At 0-5 cm depth, SOC under NT combined with 200 kg N ha-1 fertilization was 46.1% higher than that of NT with no N fertilization, while at depth of 5-10 cm SOC under MT was 26.2% higher than NT and 13.9% higher than IT.  Throughout the corn and soybean seasons, CO2-C emissions from IT were higher than those of MT and NT, while CO2-C emissions from 200 kg N ha-1 rate were higher than those of 0 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1 rates.  With any N rate treatments, MT and NT could reduce CO2-C emission to 65.2 %-67.6% and to 75.4%-87.6% as much of IT, respectively. While in soybean season, MT and NT could reduce CO2-C emission to 17.6%-46.7% and 42.0%-74.3% as much of IT, respectively.  Prior to generative soybean growth,   N fertilization with rate of 50 kg N ha-1 could reduce CO2-C emission to 32.2%-37.2% as much of 0 and 25 kg N ha-1 rates.

scholarly journals 138 Evaluation of different combinations of medium chain fatty acids and monolaurin as a dietary additive for nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Lori L Thomas ◽  
Ashley Hartman ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 360 pigs (DNA 400×200, initial BW=6.8 kg) were used a 35-d trial to evaluate the effects of adding MCFA and monolaurin blends to the diet on growth performance of nursery pigs. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomized to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (12 pens per treatment). Treatments consisted of a basal diet containing no MCFA (control), the control diet with 1.0% added MCFA (a 1:1:1 blend of C6, C8, and C10; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), or a 1.0% inclusion of 4 different blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin (1, 2, 3, and 4). The 4 blends consisted of 50% C6, 20% lactic acid and increasing levels of monolaurin (0, 10, 20, and 30%) at the expense of C12 (30, 20, 10, and 0%). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend had increased (P = 0.037) ADG compared to the control group. Pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend and the mean of the 4 blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin had improved (P < 0.037) G:F compared with pigs fed the control diet. From d 14 to 35, ADFI and subsequently ADG increased (P < 0.057) for pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend compared with the control group. Overall, pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend had increased (P < 0.034) ADFI and ADG, resulting in 0.9 kg greater final BW (P = 0.014) compared with the control group. There was no evidence for differences between the mean of pigs fed blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin compared with the control. In summary, the addition of a 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend resulted in improved ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared with pigs fed a control diet.

scholarly journals Effect of rhizobial inoculants on yield and yield components of faba bean (Vicia fabae L.) on vertisol of Wereillu District, South Wollo, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Adissie Gedamu ◽  
Enyew Adgo Tsegaye ◽  
Tesfaye Feyisa Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Analysis System

Abstract Background Nitrogen fixation by legumes like faba bean is a cheap way of fixing atmospheric nitrogen to plant available form. However, the inoculation of grain legumes with rhizobium bacteria are poorly researched in Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Methods Thus, a study to examine the effects of rhizobium leguminosarum (var vicae) strains on nodulation, growth, and yield of faba bean was conducted in Wereillu district of Amhara Region, Ethiopia during the rainy season of 2018. The treatments comprised of four levels of faba bean Rhizobium strains (un-inoculated, EAL-1018, EAL-1035 and EAL-17) arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The collected data on yield and yield-related parameters were analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (Statistical Analysis System, version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, 2003), version 9.1 and subjected to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test for mean separation when the analysis of variance was significant. Results The result revealed that the effect of EAL-1018 brought significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher difference on nodule number, nodulation volume, nodule dry weight, biomass yield and grain yield compared to the control. Faba bean strain, EAL-1018 gave 45.6, 27 and 11.6% grain yield advantage over the control, EAL1017 and EAL 1035 respectively. Conclusion Biologically as well as Economically EAL 1018 brought the maximum yield and net benefit (47020.7) compared to the other treatments. Hence, EAL-1018 is recommended for the study area and similar agro—ecologies.

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

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