scholarly journals Role of SrtA in Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus lugdunensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1975
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Hussain ◽  
Christian Kohler ◽  
Karsten Becker
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
Mutant Strains

Among coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Staphylococcus lugdunensis has a special position as causative agent of aggressive courses of infectious endocarditis (IE) more reminiscent of IEs caused by Staphylococcus aureus than those by CoNS. To initiate colonization and invasion, bacterial cell surface proteins are required; however, only little is known about adhesion of S. lugdunensis to biotic surfaces. Cell surface proteins containing the LPXTG anchor motif are covalently attached to the cell wall by sortases. Here, we report the functionality of Staphylococcus lugdunensis sortase A (SrtA) to link LPXTG substrates to the cell wall. To determine the role of SrtA dependent surface proteins in biofilm formation and binding eukaryotic cells, we generated SrtA-deficient mutants (ΔsrtA). These mutants formed a smaller amount of biofilm and bound less to immobilized fibronectin, fibrinogen, and vitronectin. Furthermore, SrtA absence affected the gene expression of two different adhesins on transcription level. Surprisingly, we found no decreased adherence and invasion in human cell lines, probably caused by the upregulation of further adhesins in ΔsrtA mutant strains. In conclusion, the functionality of S. lugdunensis SrtA in anchoring LPXTG substrates to the cell wall let us define it as the pathogen’s housekeeping sortase.

scholarly journals Roles ofCandida albicansDfg5p and Dcw1p Cell Surface Proteins in Growth and Hypha Formation

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Spreghini ◽  
Dana A. Davis ◽  
Ryan Subaran ◽  
Michelle Kim ◽  
Aaron P. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
External Signal ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
Hypha Formation ◽  
Conditional Expression

TheCandida albicanscell wall participates in both growth and morphological transitions between yeast and hyphae. Our studies here focus on Dfg5p and Dcw1p, two similar proteins with features of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface proteins. Mutants lacking Dfg5p are defective in alkaline pH-induced hypha formation; mutants lacking Dcw1p have no detected hypha formation defect. Both homozygote-triplication tests and conditional expression strategies indicate thatdfg5anddcw1mutations are synthetically lethal. Therefore, Dfg5p and Dcw1p share a function required for growth. Epitope-tagged Dfg5p, created through an insertional mutagenesis strategy, is found in cell membrane and cell wall extract fractions, and endoglycosidase H digestion shows that Dfg5p undergoes N-linked mannosylation. Surprisingly, Dfg5p is required for expression of the hypha-specific geneHWP1in alkaline media. Because Dfg5p is a cell surface protein, it is poised to generate or transmit an external signal required for the program of hypha-specific gene expression.

scholarly journals Extracellular DNA, cell surface proteins and c-di-GMP promote biofilm formation in Clostridioides difficile

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa F. Dawson ◽  
Johann Peltier ◽  
Catherine L. Hall ◽  
Mark A. Harrison ◽  
Maria Derakhshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
Secondary Messenger ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Antibiotic Efficacy ◽  
Biofilm Matrix

AbstractClostridioides difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide, yet there is little insight into intestinal tract colonisation and relapse. In many bacterial species, the secondary messenger cyclic-di-GMP mediates switching between planktonic phase, sessile growth and biofilm formation. We demonstrate that c-di-GMP promotes early biofilm formation in C. difficile and that four cell surface proteins contribute to biofilm formation, including two c-di-GMP regulated; CD2831 and CD3246, and two c-di-GMP-independent; CD3392 and CD0183. We demonstrate that C. difficile biofilms are composed of extracellular DNA (eDNA), cell surface and intracellular proteins, which form a protective matrix around C. difficile vegetative cells and spores, as shown by a protective effect against the antibiotic vancomycin. We demonstrate a positive correlation between biofilm biomass, sporulation frequency and eDNA abundance in all five C. difficile lineages. Strains 630 (RT012), CD305 (RT023) and M120 (RT078) contain significantly more eDNA in their biofilm matrix than strains R20291 (RT027) and M68 (RT017). DNase has a profound effect on biofilm integrity, resulting in complete disassembly of the biofilm matrix, inhibition of biofilm formation and reduced spore germination. The addition of exogenous DNase could be exploited in treatment of C. difficile infection and relapse, to improve antibiotic efficacy.

scholarly journals Find and fuse: Unsolved mysteries in sperm–egg recognition

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. e3000953
Author(s):  
Enrica Bianchi ◽  
Gavin J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Egg Recognition ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Eukaryotic Species ◽  
Fundamental Process

Sexual reproduction is such a successful way of creating progeny with subtle genetic variations that the vast majority of eukaryotic species use it. In mammals, it involves the formation of highly specialised cells: the sperm in males and the egg in females, each carrying the genetic inheritance of an individual. The interaction of sperm and egg culminates with the fusion of their cell membranes, triggering the molecular events that result in the formation of a new genetically distinct organism. Although we have a good cellular description of fertilisation in mammals, many of the molecules involved remain unknown, and especially the identity and role of cell surface proteins that are responsible for sperm–egg recognition, binding, and fusion. Here, we will highlight and discuss these gaps in our knowledge and how the role of some recently discovered sperm cell surface and secreted proteins contribute to our understanding of this fundamental process.

scholarly journals What’s a Biofilm?—How the Choice of the Biofilm Model Impacts the Protein Inventory of Clostridioides difficile

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madita Brauer ◽  
Christian Lassek ◽  
Christian Hinze ◽  
Juliane Hoyer ◽  
Dörte Becher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Surface Polysaccharides ◽  
Mammalian Intestine

The anaerobic pathogen Clostridioides difficile is perfectly equipped to survive and persist inside the mammalian intestine. When facing unfavorable conditions C. difficile is able to form highly resistant endospores. Likewise, biofilms are currently discussed as form of persistence. Here a comprehensive proteomics approach was applied to investigate the molecular processes of C. difficile strain 630Δerm underlying biofilm formation. The comparison of the proteome from two different forms of biofilm-like growth, namely aggregate biofilms and colonies on agar plates, revealed major differences in the formation of cell surface proteins, as well as enzymes of its energy and stress metabolism. For instance, while the obtained data suggest that aggregate biofilm cells express both flagella, type IV pili and enzymes required for biosynthesis of cell-surface polysaccharides, the S-layer protein SlpA and most cell wall proteins (CWPs) encoded adjacent to SlpA were detected in significantly lower amounts in aggregate biofilm cells than in colony biofilms. Moreover, the obtained data suggested that aggregate biofilm cells are rather actively growing cells while colony biofilm cells most likely severely suffer from a lack of reductive equivalents what requires induction of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and C. difficile’s V-type ATPase to maintain cell homeostasis. In agreement with this, aggregate biofilm cells, in contrast to colony biofilm cells, neither induced toxin nor spore production. Finally, the data revealed that the sigma factor SigL/RpoN and its dependent regulators are noticeably induced in aggregate biofilms suggesting an important role of SigL/RpoN in aggregate biofilm formation.

The role of cell surface proteins gene expression in diagnosis, prognosis, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer: In silico analysis and validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 104688
Author(s):  
Nasrin Nazempour ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Taleqani ◽  
Navid Taheri ◽  
Amir Hossein Haji Ali Asgary Najafabadi ◽  
Alireza Shokrollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
Silico Analysis

scholarly journals Cell Surface Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Bench to Bedside

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Gabriel Siracusano ◽  
Maria Tagliamonte ◽  
Luigi Buonaguro ◽  
Lucia Lopalco
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins ◽  
Neoplastic Diseases ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Cell surface proteins act as the go-between in carrying the information from the extracellular environment to the intracellular signaling proteins. However, these proteins are often deregulated in neoplastic diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma. This review discusses several recent studies that have investigated the role of cell surface proteins in the occurrence and progression of HCC, highlighting the possibility to use them as biomarkers of the disease and/or targets for vaccines and therapeutics.

Identification of potential cell-surface proteins inCandida albicansand investigation of the role of a putative cell-surface glycosidase in adhesion and virulence

Yeast ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Alberti-Segui ◽  
Arturo J. Morales ◽  
Heming Xing ◽  
Marco M. Kessler ◽  
Debra Aker Willins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins

scholarly journals Clade-specific chromosomal rearrangements and loss of subtelomeric adhesins in Candida auris

Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F Muñoz ◽  
Rory M Welsh ◽  
Terrance Shea ◽  
Dhwani Batra ◽  
Lalitha Gade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Cell Surface Proteins

Abstract Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen of rising concern due to global spread, the ability to cause healthcare-associated outbreaks, and antifungal resistance. Genomic analyses revealed that early contemporaneously detected cases of C. auris were geographically stratified into four major clades. While Clades I, III, and IV are responsible for ongoing outbreaks of invasive and multidrug-resistant infections, Clade II, also termed the East Asian clade, consists primarily of cases of ear infection, is often susceptible to all antifungal drugs, and has not been associated with outbreaks. Here, we generate chromosome-level assemblies of twelve isolates representing the phylogenetic breadth of these four clades and the only isolate described to date from Clade V. This Clade V genome is highly syntenic with those of Clades I, III, and IV, although the sequence is highly divergent from the other clades. Clade II genomes appear highly rearranged, with translocations occurring near GC-poor regions, and large subtelomeric deletions in most chromosomes, resulting in a substantially different karyotype. Rearrangements and deletion lengths vary across Clade II isolates, including two from a single patient, supporting ongoing genome instability. Deleted subtelomeric regions are enriched in Hyr/Iff-like cell-surface proteins, novel candidate cell wall proteins, and an ALS-like adhesin. Cell wall proteins from these families and other drug-related genes show clade-specific signatures of selection in Clades I, III, and IV. Subtelomeric dynamics and the conservation of cell surface proteins in the clades responsible for global outbreaks causing invasive infections suggest an explanation for the different phenotypes observed between clades.

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