scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Brucella abortus Isolates from Various Regions of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Maphuti Betty Ledwaba ◽  
Barbara Akorfa Glover ◽  
Itumeleng Matle ◽  
Giuseppe Profiti ◽  
Pier Luigi Martelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
South African ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide

The availability of whole genome sequences in public databases permits genome-wide comparative studies of various bacterial species. Whole genome sequence-single nucleotide polymorphisms (WGS-SNP) analysis has been used in recent studies and allows the discrimination of various Brucella species and strains. In the present study, 13 Brucella spp. strains from cattle of various locations in provinces of South Africa were typed and discriminated. WGS-SNP analysis indicated a maximum pairwise distance ranging from 4 to 77 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between the South African Brucella abortus virulent field strains. Moreover, it was shown that the South African B. abortus strains grouped closely to B. abortus strains from Mozambique and Zimbabwe, as well as other Eurasian countries, such as Portugal and India. WGS-SNP analysis of South African B. abortus strains demonstrated that the same genotype circulated in one farm (Farm 1), whereas another farm (Farm 2) in the same province had two different genotypes. This indicated that brucellosis in South Africa spreads within the herd on some farms, whereas the introduction of infected animals is the mode of transmission on other farms. Three B. abortus vaccine S19 strains isolated from tissue and aborted material were identical, even though they originated from different herds and regions of South Africa. This might be due to the incorrect vaccination of animals older than the recommended age of 4–8 months or might be a problem associated with vaccine production.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Year-Round Fruiting Jackfruit Variety Reveals Very High Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Inter-Genic Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tofazzal Islam ◽  
Nadia Afroz ◽  
ChuShin Koh ◽  
M. Nazmul Haque ◽  
Md. Jillur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Tropical Fruit

Abstract Background Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a tropical and sub-tropical fruit tree distributed in Asia, Africa, and South America. It is the national fruit of Bangladesh and produces fruit in the summer season only. However, a year-round jackfruit variety, BARI Kanthal-3 developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) provides fruits from September to June. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of BARI Kanthal-3 and to generate a draft whole genome sequence to obtain molecular insights of this important unique variety. Results Number of fruits, average each fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, edible portion in fruit and ß carotene content of BARI Kanthal-3 (n = 5) were 422/plant/year, 5.60 kg, 236.32 kg/year, 53.5% and 3614 mg/100g, respectively. During de novo assembly, 817.7 Mb of the BARI Kanthal-3 genome was scaffolded. However, in the reference-guided genome assembly, almost 843 Mb of the BARI Kanthal-3 genome was scaffolded. Through BUSCO assessment, 97.2% of the core genes were represented in the assembly with 1.3% and 1.5% either fragmented or missing, respectively. By comparing the single copy orthologues (SCOs) in three closely and one distantly related species of BARI Kanthal-3, 706 SCOs were found to be shared across the genomes of the five species. The phylogenetic analysis of the shared SCOs showed that A. heterophyllus is the closest species to BARI Kantal-3. The estimated genome size of BARI Kanthal-3 was 1.04 giga base pairs (Gbp) with a heterozygosity rate of 1.62%. The estimated GC content was 34.10%. Variant analysis revealed that BARI Kanthal-3 includes 5.7 M (35%) and 10.4 M (65%) simple and heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and about 90% of all these polymorphisms are located in inter-genic regions. Conclusion The whole-genome sequence of A. heterophyllus cv. BARI Kanthal-3 reveals extremely high single nucleotide polymorphisms in inter-genic regions. The findings of this study will help better understanding the evolution, domestication, phylogenetic relationships, year-round fruiting and the markers development for molecular breeding of this highly nutritious fruit crop.

scholarly journals Utilizing Big Data to Identify Tiny Toxic Components: Digitalis

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1794
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sage Hunter ◽  
Robert Literman ◽  
Sara M. Handy
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genome Sequence Data ◽  
Genus Level

The botanical genus Digitalis is equal parts colorful, toxic, and medicinal, and its bioactive compounds have a long history of therapeutic use. However, with an extremely narrow therapeutic range, even trace amounts of Digitalis can cause adverse effects. Using chemical methods, the United States Food and Drug Administration traced a 1997 case of Digitalis toxicity to a shipment of Plantago (a common ingredient in dietary supplements marketed to improve digestion) contaminated with Digitalis lanata. With increased accessibility to next generation sequencing technology, here we ask whether this case could have been cracked rapidly using shallow genome sequencing strategies (e.g., genome skims). Using a modified implementation of the Site Identification from Short Read Sequences (SISRS) bioinformatics pipeline with whole-genome sequence data, we generated over 2 M genus-level single nucleotide polymorphisms in addition to species-informative single nucleotide polymorphisms. We simulated dietary supplement contamination by spiking low quantities (0–10%) of Digitalis whole-genome sequence data into a background of commonly used ingredients in products marketed for “digestive cleansing” and reliably detected Digitalis at the genus level while also discriminating between Digitalis species. This work serves as a roadmap for the development of novel DNA-based assays to quickly and reliably detect the presence of toxic species such as Digitalis in food products or dietary supplements using genomic methods and highlights the power of harnessing the entire genome to identify botanical species.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequence of a Reemerging Listeria monocytogenes Serovar 1/2a Strain in Central Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Orsini ◽  
Marina Torresi ◽  
Claudio Patavino ◽  
Patrizia Centorame ◽  
Antonio Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Content Type

We report the whole-genome sequence of a Listeria monocytogenes strain isolated from a child in central Italy. Interestingly, the sequence showed a difference of only 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a strain responsible for a severe listeriosis outbreak that occurred between January 2015 and March 2016 in the same region.

scholarly journals Whole genome sequence and genome-wide distributed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Black Bengal goat

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Md. Bazlur Rahman Mollah ◽  
Md. Shamsul Alam Bhuiyan ◽  
M.A.M. Yahia Khandoker ◽  
Md. Abdul Jalil ◽  
Gautam Kumar Deb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
High Quality Snps ◽  
Black Goat ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The Black Bengal goat (BBG) is a dwarf sized heritage goat (Capra hircus) breed from Bangladesh, and is well known for its high fertility, excellent meat and skin quality. Here we present the first whole genome sequence and genome-wide distributed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the BBG. A total of 833,469,900 raw reads consisting of 125,020,485,000 bases were obtained by sequencing one male BBG sample. The reads were aligned to the San Clemente and the Yunnan black goat genome which resulted in 98.65% (properly paired, 94.81%) and 98.50% (properly paired, 97.10%) of the reads aligning, respectively. Notably, the estimated sequencing coverages were 48.22X and 44.28X compared to published San Clemente and the Yunnan black goat genomes respectively. On the other hand, a total of 9,497,875 high quality SNPs (Q ≥ 20) along with 1,023,359 indels, and 8,746,849 high quality SNPs along with 842,706 indels were identified in BBG against the San Clemente and Yunnan black goat genomes respectively. The dataset is publicly available from NCBI BioSample (SAMN10391846), Sequence Read Archive (SRR8182317, SRR8549413 and SRR8549904), with BioProject ID PRJNA504436. These data might be useful genomic resources in conducting genome wide association studies, identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and functional genomic analysis of the Black Bengal goat.

scholarly journals Genome Report—A Genome Sequence Analysis of the RB51 Strain of Brucella abortus in the Context of Its Vaccine Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1175-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Bricker ◽  
Nalin Goonesekere ◽  
Darrell Bayles ◽  
David Alt ◽  
Steven Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
A Genome

The RB51 vaccine strain of Brucella abortus, which confers safe and effective protection of cattle from B. abortus infection, was originally generated via serial passage of B. abortus 2308 to generate spontaneous, attenuating mutations. While some of these mutations have been previously characterized, such as an insertional mutation in the wboA gene that contributes to the rough phenotype of the strain, a comprehensive annotation of genetic differences between RB51 and B. abortus 2308 genomes has not yet been published. Here, the whole genome sequence of the RB51 vaccine strain is compared against two available 2308 parent sequences, with all observed single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions, and deletions presented. Mutations of interest for future characterization in vaccine development, such as mutations in eipA and narJ genes in RB51, were identified. Additionally, protein homology modeling was utilized to provide in silico support for the hypothesis that the RB51 capD mutation is the second contributing mutation to the rough phenotype of RB51, likely explaining the inability of wboA-complemented strains of RB51 to revert to a smooth phenotype.

scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Mycobacterium bovis Cattle Isolates, Algeria

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Fatah Tazerart ◽  
Jamal Saad ◽  
Naima Sahraoui ◽  
Djamel Yala ◽  
Abdellatif Niar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Complex Species

Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species responsible for tuberculosis in cattle and zoonotic tuberculosis in humans, is present in Algeria. In Algeria however, the M. bovis population structure is unknown, limiting understanding of the sources and transmission of bovine tuberculosis. In this study, we identified the whole genome sequence (WGS) of 13 M. bovis strains isolated from animals exhibiting lesions compatible with tuberculosis, which were slaughtered and inspected in five slaughterhouses in Algeria. We found that six isolates were grouped together with reference clinical strains of M. bovis genotype-Unknown2. One isolate was related to M. bovis genotype-Unknown7, one isolate was related to M. bovis genotype-Unknown4, three isolates belonged to M. bovis genotype-Europe 2 and there was one new clone for two M. bovis isolates. Two isolates from Blida exhibited no pairwise differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms. None of these 13 isolates were closely related to four zoonotic M. bovis isolates previously characterized in Algeria. In Algeria, the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in cattle is partly driven by cross border movements of animals and animal products.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium chimaera genomics with regard to epidemiological and clinical investigations conducted for the open-chest post-surgical Mycobacterium chimaera infections outbreak

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Lecorche ◽  
Côme Daniau ◽  
Kevin La ◽  
Faiza Mougari ◽  
Hanaa Benmansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Open Chest

Abstract Background Post-surgical infections due to Mycobacterium chimaera appeared as a novel nosocomial threat in 2015, with a worldwide outbreak due to contaminated heater-cooler units used in open chest surgery. We report the results of investigations conducted in France including whole genome sequencing comparison of patient and HCU isolates. Methods We sought M. chimaera infection cases from 2010 onwards through national epidemiological investigations in healthcare facilities performing cardiopulmonary bypass together with a survey on good practices and systematic heater-cooler unit microbial analyses. Clinical and HCU isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing analyzed with regards to the reference outbreak strain Zuerich-1. Results Only two clinical cases were shown to be related to the outbreak, although 23% (41/175) heater-cooler units were declared positive for M. avium complex. Specific measures to prevent infection were applied in 89% (50/56) healthcare facilities although only 14% (8/56) of them followed the manufacturer maintenance recommendations. Whole genome sequencing comparison showed that the clinical isolates and 72% (26/36) of heater-cooler unit isolates belonged to the epidemic cluster. Within clinical isolates, 5 to 9 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed, among which an in vivo mutation in a putative efflux pump gene observed in a clinical isolate obtained for one patient under antimicrobial treatment. Conclusions Cases of post-surgical M. chimaera infections were declared to be rare in France, although heater-cooler units were contaminated as in other countries. Genomic analyses confirmed the connection to the outbreak and identified specific single nucleotide polymorphisms, including one suggesting fitness evolution in vivo.

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