scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1389
Author(s):  
Ralf Duerr ◽  
Keaton M. Crosse ◽  
Ana M. Valero-Jimenez ◽  
Meike Dittmann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Cellular Entry

SARS-CoV-2 and HIV are zoonotic viruses that rapidly reached pandemic scale, causing global losses and fear. The COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics ignited massive efforts worldwide to develop antiviral strategies and characterize viral architectures, biological and immunological properties, and clinical outcomes. Although both viruses have a comparable appearance as enveloped viruses with positive-stranded RNA and envelope spikes mediating cellular entry, the entry process, downstream biological and immunological pathways, clinical outcomes, and disease courses are strikingly different. This review provides a systemic comparison of both viruses’ structural and functional characteristics, delineating their distinct strategies for efficient spread.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed Against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Duerr ◽  
Keaton M. Crosse ◽  
Ana Mayela Valero Jimenez ◽  
Meike Dittmann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Cellular Entry

SARS-CoV-2 and HIV are zoonotic viruses that rapidly reached pandemic scale causing global losses and fear. The COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics ignited massive efforts worldwide to develop antiviral strategies and characterize viral architectures, biological and immunological properties, and clinical outcomes. Although both viruses have a comparable appearance as enveloped viruses with positive-stranded RNA and envelope spikes mediating cellular entry, the entry process, downstream biological and immunological pathways, clinical outcomes, and disease courses are strikingly different. This review provides a systemic comparison of both viruses’ structural and functional characteristics delineating their distinct strategies for efficient spread.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed Against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Duerr ◽  
Keaton Crosse ◽  
Ana Mayela Valero Jimenez ◽  
Meike Dittmann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Immunological Properties ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Cellular Entry

SARS-CoV-2 and HIV are zoonotic viruses that rapidly reached pandemic scale causing global losses and fear. The COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics ignited massive efforts worldwide to develop antiviral strategies and characterize viral architectures, biological and immunological properties, and clinical outcomes. Although both viruses have a comparable appearance as enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with envelope spikes mediating cellular entry, the entry process, downstream biological and immunological pathways, clinical outcomes, and disease courses are strikingly different. This review provides a systemic comparison of both viruses’ structural and functional characteristics delineating their distinct strategies for efficient spread.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES AND PATHOGENESIS OF CORONAVIRUSES

Kosmos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kwiatek
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Health Organization

In 2019, a new human pandemic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in Wuhan, China. We present the actual state of knowledge on Betacoronaviruses, including data on SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Betacoronaviruses are enveloped viruses with nonsegmented, positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. SARS-CoV, MERSCoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses. SARS-CoV-2 is an etiological factor of COVID-19, which has been brought to global attention and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 is similar to other coronaviruses, nevertheless some differences were observed. As no specific therapeutics and vaccines are available for disease control, the epidemic of COVID-19 is posing a great threat for the global public health.

scholarly journals Aglycone polyether ionophores as broad-spectrum agents inhibit multiple enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and successfully cure JEV infected mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Qi Li ◽  
Minjian Huang ◽  
Ya-Nan Zhang ◽  
Ran Liu ◽  
Zhe-Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
Full Protection

AbstractInfections with zoonotic viruses, such as flaviviruses, influenza virus, and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic coronavirus constitute an increasing global risk. Hence, an urgent need exists for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals to prevent such outbreaks. Here, we show that the maduramycin and CP-80,219 aglycone polyether ionophores exhibit effective broad-spectrum antiviral activity, against various viruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), while also exhibiting promising activity against PR8 influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, liposome-encapsulated maduramycin and CP-80,219 provide full protection for mice from infection with JEV in vivo. Mechanistic studies suggest that aglycone polyether ionophores primarily inhibit the viral replication step without blocking endosome acidification to promote the fusion between viral and cellular membranes. The successful application of liposomes containing aglycone polyether ionophores in JEV-infected mice offers hope to the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs like penicillin back to 1940s.

Selecting Skills To Teach Communication Partners: Where Do I Start?

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Binger ◽  
Jennifer Kent-Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Communication Partners ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Abstract Clinicians and researchers long have recognized that teaching communication partners how to provide AAC supports is essential to AAC success. One way to improve clinical outcomes is to select appropriate skills to teach communication partners. Although this sometimes seems like it should be a straightforward component of any intervention program, deciding which skills to teach partners can present multiple challenges. In this article, we will troubleshoot common issues and discuss how to select skills systematically, resulting in the desired effects for both communication partners and clients.

Linguistic Interactions: A Therapeutic Consideration for Adults With Aphasia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Interaction Models ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
Wernicke's Aphasia ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Therapeutic Consideration ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction ◽  
Structural Language

Abstract Linguistic interaction models suggest that interrelationships arise between structural language components and between structural and pragmatic components when language is used in social contexts. The linguist, David Crystal (1986, 1987), has proposed that these relationships are central, not peripheral, to achieving desired clinical outcomes. For individuals with severe communication challenges, erratic or unpredictable relationships between structural and pragmatic components can result in atypical patterns of interaction between them and members of their social communities, which may create a perception of disablement. This paper presents a case study of a woman with fluent, Wernicke's aphasia that illustrates how attention to patterns of linguistic interaction may enhance AAC intervention for adults with aphasia.

The Complexity of Health Disparities: More Than Just Black–White Differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Charles Ellis ◽  
Molly Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Language Pathology

Health disparities have once again moved to the forefront of America's consciousness with the recent significant observation of dramatically higher death rates among African Americans with COVID-19 when compared to White Americans. Health disparities have a long history in the United States, yet little consideration has been given to their impact on the clinical outcomes in the rehabilitative health professions such as speech-language pathology/audiology (SLP/A). Consequently, it is unclear how the absence of a careful examination of health disparities in fields like SLP/A impacts the clinical outcomes desired or achieved. The purpose of this tutorial is to examine the issue of health disparities in relationship to SLP/A. This tutorial includes operational definitions related to health disparities and a review of the social determinants of health that are the underlying cause of such disparities. The tutorial concludes with a discussion of potential directions for the study of health disparities in SLP/A to identify strategies to close the disparity gap in health-related outcomes that currently exists.

Debates in Dysphagia Management: How Do You Use Evidence-Based Practice in Your Dysphagia Patient Care?

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Jeri A. Logemann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Do So

Evidence-based practice requires astute clinicians to blend our best clinical judgment with the best available external evidence and the patient's own values and expectations. Sometimes, we value one more than another during clinical decision-making, though it is never wise to do so, and sometimes other factors that we are unaware of produce unanticipated clinical outcomes. Sometimes, we feel very strongly about one clinical method or another, and hopefully that belief is founded in evidence. Some beliefs, however, are not founded in evidence. The sound use of evidence is the best way to navigate the debates within our field of practice.

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