scholarly journals Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Six Anaerobic Fungal Strains from Zoo Animal Feces

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Marcus Stabel ◽  
Tabea Schweitzer ◽  
Karoline Haack ◽  
Pascal Gorenflo ◽  
Habibu Aliyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Fungi ◽  
Succinate Production ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Animal Feces

Anaerobic fungi are prime candidates for the conversion of agricultural waste products to biofuels. Despite the increasing interest in these organisms, their growth requirements and metabolism remain largely unknown. The isolation of five strains of anaerobic fungi and their identification as Neocallimastix cameroonii, Caecomyces spec., Orpinomyces joyonii, Pecoramyces ruminantium, and Khoyollomyces ramosus, is described. The phylogeny supports the reassignment of Neocallimastix californiae and Neocallimastix lanati to Neocallimastix cameroonii and points towards the redesignation of Cyllamyces as a species of Caecomyces. All isolated strains including strain A252, which was described previously as Aestipascuomyces dubliciliberans, were further grown on different carbon sources and the produced metabolites were analyzed; hydrogen, acetate, formate, lactate, and succinate were the main products. Orpinomyces joyonii was lacking succinate production and Khoyollomyces ramosus was not able to produce lactate under the studied conditions. The results further suggested a sequential production of metabolites with a preference for hydrogen, acetate, and formate. By comparing fungal growth on monosaccharides or on the straw, a higher hydrogen production was noticed on the latter. Possible reactions to elevated sugar concentrations by anaerobic fungi are discussed.

Production of amylase by soil fungi and partial biochemical characterization of amylase of a selected strain (Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius)

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Domingues ◽  
Rosane M. Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Maximal Yield ◽  
High Enzymatic Activity

Filamentous fungi from soil were screened for their ability to produce amylases in semisolid and liquid media with wheat bran. A selected strain identified as Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius showed high enzymatic activity for α-amylase and glucoamylase. The maximal yield of these amylases was obtained when lignocellulosic materials were the carbon sources. The optimal pH and temperature were 6.0 and 50 °C, respectively, for both enzymes. α-Amylase activity was more thermostable than glucoamylase activity.Key words: amylolitic fungi, α-amylase, glucoamylase, Aspergillus fumigatus.

scholarly journals Characterization of a bacterial cellulose-silica nanocomposite prepared from agricultural waste products

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 015085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wichai Soemphol ◽  
Panadda Charee ◽  
Sasiporn Audtarat ◽  
Supachai Sompech ◽  
Piyorot Hongsachart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Silica Nanocomposite

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ACTINOBACTERIA WITH A POTENTIAL TO INHIBIT RICE BLAST FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE ORYZAE (ANAMORPH PYRICULARIA ORYZAE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
THILAGAM R ◽  
BALAGURUNATHAN R ◽  
SANGEETHA M ◽  
HEMALATHA N
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: The aims of the present study were to screen the actinobacteria with high potential ability to produce secondary metabolites that have inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic fungi, Magnaporthe oryzae. Production of secondary metabolites was analysis by thin-layer chromatography and bioautography assay. Methods: Screening and selection of potential Streptomyces sp. morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical characterization of the screened isolate was carried out. Antifungal compound was confirmed by bioautography assay. Results: Bioautography method use in this study was found to be antifungal fraction from the crude extract. Antifungal secondary metabolites can be readily located on the plates by observing clear zones where active compounds inhibit fungal growth. Conclusion: The bioautography assay shows that this isolates can produce antifungal compound. Therefore, this isolate proves to be a promising microbe which can be further studied for its applications a biocontrol agent against rice blast fungi.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of fungi from deteriorated old manuscripts from Banyumas, collection of Library of Universitas Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
W Lintang ◽  
T Susetyo-Salim ◽  
A Oetari ◽  
W Sjamsuridzal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Fungi are the main cause of old manuscript deterioration since manuscripts provide carbon source and nutrient for fungal growth. Isolation of fungi from deteriorated old manuscripts from Banyumas was carried out and their morphology, xerophilic, and cellulolytic nature were investigated. Two deteriorated old dluwang manuscripts showed fungal spores, brown spots, and discoloured paper. Based on morphological characteristics, 31 fungal isolates belonged to five genera (Aspergillus Micheli, Cladosporium Link, Curvularia Boedijn, Penicillium Link, Ulocladium Preuss). These genera have been reported from deteriorated old manuscripts from several historical places in Indonesia. Xerophilic character was shown by 90% (28 isolates) as determined by growth in DG18 medium, which indicated the ability to grow in dry substrates such as old manuscripts. Cellulolytic character was shown by 93.5% (29 isolates) as determined by growth in dluwang paper and merang paper, which indicated that the papers were used as carbon sources and substrates. After 30 days-incubation, the dry weight loss of merang paper was 0.28-51.2%. Result from Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that the deterioration of merang paper were caused by the isolates as shown by the presence of fungal structures. These results showed that the fungal isolates were able to deteriorate old manuscripts from Banyumas, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Potentials of Commonly Used Lime and Agricultural Waste in Stabilization of Sub-Grade Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1702-1705
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Standard Proctor Test

Present study deals with the correlation between structural and mechanical characterization of sub-grade soils to increase the strength of soil for road. Clays are generally poor materials for foundations due to large lateral pressure and low resilient modulus. This investigation were carried out with waste products(Agricultural waste) like Rice Husk Ash (RHA) along with various percentages of locally available lime. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), California Bearing Ratio test (C.B.R), Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined Compression Test were done on these samples to characterize the structural and mechanical properties as significant increase in strength properties were observed in the soil samples upon mixing with RHA and lime. It was observed that soaking strength is around 16.8 for the Sample C-3 (Soil+9% RHA). Increase of strength may be due to the reduction of mica in the soil sample. Increase of the silica in the soil sample finally increase the strength and stability. The maximum soaking strength was observed 24.82 for the Sample C-7 ( Soil + 9 % RHA + 8 % Lime). It is obvious because the wt.% mica phase become minimum for this composition. XRF results also reveals that silica and calcium contents are maximum for this composition. So microstructural results revealed that the mica phase may play very important role for maintaining the strength and stability of the soil.

Plant Pathology Diagnosed by X-Ray Microanalysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 974-975
Author(s):  
J. H. Resau ◽  
N. Howell ◽  
S. H. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
X Ray

Spinach grown in Texas developed “yellow spotting” on the peripheral portions of the leaves. The exact cause of the discoloration could not be determined as there was no evidence of viral or parasitic infestation of the plants and biochemical characterization of the plants did not indicate any significant differences between the yellow and green leaf portions of the spinach. The present study was undertaken using electron microscopy (EM) to determine if a micro-nutrient deficiency was the cause for the discoloration.Green leaf spinach was collected from the field and sent by express mail to the EM laboratory. The yellow and equivalent green portions of the leaves were isolated and dried in a Denton evaporator at 10-5 Torr for 24 hrs. The leaf specimens were then examined using a JEOL 100 CX analytical microscope. TEM specimens were prepared according to the methods of Trump et al.

Interaction effect of rootstocks on gas exchange parameters, biochemical changes and nutrientstatus in Sauvignon Blanc winegrapes

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
R. G. Somkuwar ◽  
M. A. Bhange ◽  
A. K. Upadhyay ◽  
S. D. Ramteke
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Salt Creek ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

SauvignonBlanc wine grape was characterized for their various morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters grafted on different rootstocks. Significant differences were recorded for all the parameters studied. The studies on vegetative parameters revealed that the rootstock influences the vegetative growth thereby increasing the photosynthetic activities of a vine. The highest photosynthesis rate was recorded in 140-Ru grafted vine followed by Fercal whereas the lowest in Salt Creek rootstock grafted vines.The rootstock influenced the changes in biochemical constituents in the grafted vine thereby helping the plant to store enough food material. Significant differences were recorded for total carbohydrates, proteins, total phenols and reducing sugar. The vines grafted on1103-Pshowed highest carbohydrates and starch followed by 140-Ru,while the least amount of carbohydrates were recorded in 110-R and Salt Creek grafted vines respectively.Among the different rootstock graft combinations, Fercal showed highest amount of reducing sugar, proteins and phenols, followed by 1103-P and SO4, however, the lowest amount of reducing sugar, proteins and phenols were recorded with 110-R grafted vines.The vines grafted on different rootstocks showed changes in nutrient uptake. Considering this, the physico-biochemical characterization of grafted vine may help to identify particularrootstocks combination that could influence a desired trait in commercial wine grape varieties after grafting.

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