scholarly journals Effect of Cannabis Smoke Condensate on C. albicans Growth and Biofilm Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2348
Author(s):  
Neftaha Tazi ◽  
Xavier Pigeon ◽  
Jérôme Mulamba Mbuyi-Boisvert ◽  
Simon Giret ◽  
François Béland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Clinical Observations

The most common use of cannabis is smoking. The oral ecosystem, among other constituents, can be deregulated by the presence of cannabis smoke in the oral cavity. We evaluated the effect of cannabis smoke condensate (CSC) on the behavior of Candida albicans, a common yeast found in the oral cavity. The yeast was first cultured with different concentrations of CSC, and its growth was evaluated. The transition from the blastospore to the hyphal form and the hyphae size were assessed after 3 and 6 h, along with biofilm formation after 72 h of contact with CSC. The response of C. albicans to oxidative (H2O2) stress was also examined. Our results show that CSC contained high amounts of THC (about 1055 ppm), CBN (63 ppm), and CBG (about 47 ppm). The presence of various concentrations of CSC in the culture medium increased C. albicans growth. CSC also contributed to increases in both the hyphal length and biofilm mass. Following oxidative stress (H2O2 at either 100 or 500 μM), CSC prevented the damaging effect of H2O2 on both C. albicans shape and growth. These findings support clinical observations demonstrating that cannabis may promote C. albicans growth and oral candidiasis.

The Use of 2.5% Natamycin, as Orally Administered Drops, in the Treatment of Fungal Infections of the Oral Cavity in Children with Chronic Blood Diseases

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rokicka-Milewska ◽  
D. Derulska ◽  
D. Lipnicki ◽  
A. Skrobowska-Woźniak ◽  
A. Moszczeńska
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Blood Diseases

A total of 34 children with oral candidiasis were treated with 2.5% natamycin in the form of orally administered drops; 6–20 drops applied to oral lesions four times daily for up to 8 weeks. A total cure was achieved in 28 (82.3%) cases. No side-effects were observed. This preparation was an effective treatment for Candida albicans infections in children with blood diseases, and was well tolerated.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Distinct Proline- or N-Acetylglucosamine-Induced Hyphal Formation Pathways by Proline Analogs in Candida albicans

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Sato ◽  
Hisashi Hoshida ◽  
Rinji Akada
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Fetal Bovine Serum ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Induction Condition ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Virulence Property ◽  
Hyphal Formation

Candida albicans undergoes a yeast-to-hyphal transition that has been recognized as a virulence property as well as a turning point leading to biofilm formation associated with candidiasis. It is known that yeast-to-hyphal transition is induced under complex environmental conditions including temperature (above 35°C), pH (greater than 6.5), CO2, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), amino acids, RPMI-1640 synthetic culture medium, and blood serum. To identify the hyphal induction factor in the RPMI-1640 medium, we examined each component of RPMI-1640 and established a simple hyphal induction condition, that is, incubation in L-proline solution at 37°C. Incubation in GlcNAc solution alone, which is not contained in RPMI-1640, without any other materials was also identified as another simple hyphal induction condition. To inhibit hyphal formation, proline and GlcNAc analogs were examined. Among the proline analogs used, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZC) inhibited hyphal induction under both induction conditions, but L-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (T4C) specifically inhibited proline-induced hyphal formation only, while α-N-methyl-L-proline (mPro) selectively inhibited GlcNAc-induced hyphal formation. Hyphal formation in fetal bovine serum was also inhibited by AZC or T4C together with mPro without affecting the proliferation of yeast form. These results indicate that these proline analogs are ideal inhibitors of yeast-to-hyphal transition in C. albicans.

scholarly journals Candida albicans: The Ability to Invade Epithelial Cells and Survive under Oxidative Stress Is Unlinked to Hyphal Length

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma K. Maza ◽  
Alexis Bonfim-Melo ◽  
Ana C. B. Padovan ◽  
Renato A. Mortara ◽  
Cristina M. Orikaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Hyphal Length

scholarly journals Potential Pathogenicity of Candida Species Isolated from Oral Cavity of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hasti Nouraei ◽  
Mehdi Ghaderian Jahromi ◽  
Leila Razeghian Jahromi ◽  
Kamiar Zomorodian ◽  
Keyvan Pakshir
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Blood Agar Plate ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Introduction. In the recent decade, the increased immunocompromised population such as diabetic patients makes a high incidence of invasive Candida infections. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder, and diabetic patients are more susceptible to oral candidiasis infection. Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by many species of Candida. Secretion of exoenzymes plays an important role in the virulence and pathogenesis of Candida species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of phospholipase, esterase, and hemolytic activity of Candida species isolated from oral cavity lesions of diabetic patients. Methods. A total of 108 Candida species including 75 Candida albicans and 33 non-Candida albicans species were recovered from the oral cavity of diabetic patients included in our study. Egg yolk agar, Tween 80 opacity medium, and blood agar plate assays were used for determining phospholipase, esterase, and hemolytic activities, respectively. Results. Candida albicans species had the most exoenzyme activity in comparison to non-albicans isolates. Candida albicans isolates showed 97.3%, 100%, and 77.3% phospholipase, hemolysin, and esterase activities, respectively. The difference between Candida albicans and non-Candida albicans was significant in phospholipase ( P < 0.001 ) and hemolytic activity ( P = 0.027 ), but not significant in esterase activity ( P = 0.076 ). Conclusion. This study showed that most of the isolates had different enzymatic patterns, and Candida albicans isolates had the most exoenzyme activity. So due to the potential effects of these enzymes in pathogenesis and virulence effects of Candida species, we can conclude that the severity of extracellular enzymes may play a role in the severity of signs and symptoms of Candida oral cavity infections in diabetic patients.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces adhesion capacity and biofilm formation of Candida albicans from induced oral candidiasis in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Cabrini Carmello ◽  
Fernanda Alves ◽  
Fernanda G. Basso ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa ◽  
Antônio Cláudio Tedesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

scholarly journals Candida albicans cell wall glycosidases DFG5 and DCW1 are required for biofilm formation and Hog-1 signaling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Mancuso ◽  
Jennifer Chinnici ◽  
Charlene Tsou ◽  
Sujay Busarajan ◽  
Abhiram Maddi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Systemic Candidiasis ◽  
Homologous Genes ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
And Control

Background. Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that inhabits the oral mucosal surface and causes oral and systemic candidiasis. Oral candidiasis most commonly occurs in patients with AIDS, denture wearers and newborn children. Systemic candidiasis occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients and patients admitted to hospitals for prolonged periods. The C. albicans homologous genes, DFG5 and DCW1, encode for two closely related cell wall proteins with putative glycosyltransferase enzyme activity and C-terminal GPI-anchors. Past studies have shown that individual DFG5 and DCW1 mutations are viable but simultaneous deletion of DFG5 and DCW1 in C. albicans results in lethality. However, the exact functions of these cell wall based enzymes, which represent ideal drug targets, are not understood. Methods. C. albicans DFG5/DCW1 heterologous and conditional double mutant strains, ES1 and ES195 respectively, were assessed for growth and biofilm formation in comparison to wild type and parental strains. Cell wall, osmotic and heat stress susceptibility of the mutant and control strains was assessed using agar spotting assays. Western Blot analysis of mutant strains and control strains was performed to assess Hog-1 phosphorylation status. Results. Growth in planktonic cultures and biofilm formation was found to be affected in the DFG5/DCW1 double mutants as compared to control strains. The mutant strains were also less resistant to cell wall, osmotic and heat stresses as compared to control strains. Hog-1 phosphorylation was affected in the mutant strains. Conclusions. These data indicate that Candida albicans DFG5 and DCW1 play critical roles in biofilm formation and Hog-1 signaling pathway.

Study of the activity of Punica granatum-mediated silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, alone or in combination with azoles or polyenes

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-567
Author(s):  
José António Santos Souza ◽  
Marta M Alves ◽  
Debora Barros Barbosa ◽  
Maria Manuel Lopes ◽  
Eugénia Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Green Route ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Effect

Abstract The continuous emergence of Candida strains resistant to currently used antifungals demands the development of new alternatives that could reduce the burden of candidiasis. In this work silver nanoparticles synthesized using a green route are efficiently used, alone or in combination with fluconazole, amphotericin B or nystatine, to inhibit growth of C. albicans and C. glabrata oral clinical strains, including in strains showing resistance to fluconazole. A potent inhibitory effect over biofilm formation prompted by the two Candida species was also observed, including in mature biofilm cells. These results foster the use of phytotherapeutics as effective treatments in oral candidiasis.

scholarly journals E-Cigarettes Increase Candida albicans Growth and Modulate its Interaction with Gingival Epithelial Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humidah Alanazi ◽  
Abdelhabib Semlali ◽  
Witold Chmielewski ◽  
Mahmoud Rouabhia
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cell ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
The Impact

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor comes in contact with the different constituents of the oral cavity, including such microorganisms as Candida albicans. We examined the impact of e-cigarettes on C. albicans growth and expression of different virulent genes, such as secreted aspartic proteases (SAPs), and the effect of e-cigarette vapor-exposed C. albicans on gingival epithelial cell morphology, growth, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. An increase in C. albicans growth was observed with nicotine-rich e-cigarettes compared with non-exposed cultures. Following exposure to e-cigarette vapor, C. albicans produced high levels of chitin. E-cigarettes also increased C. albicans hyphal length and the expression of SAP2, SAP3, and SAP9 genes. When in contact with gingival epithelial cells, e-cigarette-exposed C. albicans adhered better to epithelial cells than the control. Indirect contact between e-cigarette-exposed C. albicans and gingival epithelial cells led to epithelial cell differentiation, reduced cell growth, and increased LDH activity. Overall, results indicate that e-cigarettes may interact with C. albicans to promote their pathogenesis, which may increase the risk of oral candidiasis in e-cigarette users.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an In Vivo Candida albicans Biofilm Denture Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 3650-3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeniel E. Nett ◽  
Karen Marchillo ◽  
Carol A. Spiegel ◽  
David R. Andes
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The most common form of oral candidiasis, denture-associated stomatitis, involves biofilm growth on an oral prosthetic surface. Cells in this unique environment are equipped to withstand host defenses and survive antifungal therapy. Studies of the biofilm process on dentures have primarily been limited to in vitro models. We developed a rodent acrylic denture model and characterized the Candida albicans and mixed oral bacterial flora biofilm formation, architecture, and drug resistance in vivo, using time course quantitative culture experiments, confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and antifungal susceptibility assays. We also examined the utility of the model for measurement of C. albicans gene expression and tested the impact of a specific gene product (Bcr1p) on biofilm formation. Finally, we assessed the mucosal host response to the denture biofilm and found the mucosal histopathology to be consistent with that of acute human denture stomatitis, demonstrating fungal invasion and neutrophil infiltration. This current oral denture model mimics human denture stomatitis and should be useful for testing the impact of gene disruption on biofilm formation, studying the impact of anti-infectives, examining the biology of mixed Candida-oral bacterial flora biofilm infections, and characterizing the host immunologic response to this disease process.

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