scholarly journals Biomineralization Induced by Cells of Sporosarcina pasteurii: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2396
Author(s):  
Yang Wu ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Mineral Formation ◽  
Sporosarcina Pasteurii ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Degradation Ability ◽  
Wide Potential ◽  
Artificial Mineral

Biomineralization has emerged as a novel and eco-friendly technology for artificial mineral formation utilizing the metabolism of organisms. Due to its highly efficient urea degradation ability, Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii) is arguably the most widely investigated organism in ureolytic biomineralization studies, with wide potential application in construction and environmental protection. In emerging, large-scale commercial engineering applications, attention was also paid to practical challenges and issues. In this review, we summarize the features of S. pasteurii cells contributing to the biomineralization reaction, aiming to reveal the mechanism of artificial mineral formation catalyzed by bacterial cells. Progress in the application of this technology in construction and environmental protection is discussed separately. Furthermore, the urgent challenges and issues in large-scale application are also discussed, along with potential solutions. We aim to offer new ideas to researchers working on the mechanisms, applications and challenges of biomineralization.

Humans in Large-scale, Networked Virtual Environments

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Pratt ◽  
Shirley M. Pratt ◽  
Paul T. Barham ◽  
Randall E. Barker ◽  
Marianne S. Waldrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Group Representations ◽  
Networked Virtual Environments ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Body Tracking ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Tracking Technology

This paper examines the representation of humans in large-scale, networked virtual environments. Previous work done in this field is summarized, and existing problems with rendering, articulating, and networking numerous human figures in real time are explained. We have developed a system that integrates together some well-known solutions along with new ideas. Models with multiple level of details, body-tracking technology and animation libraries to specify joint angles, efficient group representations to describe multiple humans, and hierarchical network protocols have been successfully employed to increase the number of humans represented, system performance, and user interactivity. The resulting system immerses participants effectively and has numerous useful applications.

scholarly journals Management of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the arctic Atlantic

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Wiig ◽  
Erik W Born ◽  
Robert EA Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Odobenus Rosmarus ◽  
Odobenus Rosmarus Rosmarus

We review the management of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) past and present in the four range states—Canada, Greenland, Norway and Russia—which have permanent populations of Atlantic walruses. Populations in all four countries have been depleted, although the extent of depletion is not well known. Inuit in Arctic Canada and Greenland hunt Atlantic walruses for subsistence while they have been protected at Svalbard (Norway) since 1952 and in the western Russian Arctic since 1956. Since the second half of the 20th Century Canada and Greenland have increased protection of their walrus. Generally the number of walruses landed in Canada is governed by the number of hunters and/or people in the settlement and not by stock-specific quotas. Although quotas have been set in few communities, it is not known if they are adequate to prevent overhunting. A quota system for walrus hunting in Greenland began in 2006. The current control system is largely effective in ensuring the quotas are applied and that reporting is correct. Greenland currently sets quotas based on recommendations from scientific assessments using recent population estimates to allow population growth from a depleted population.  A challenge with respect to managing walrus hunting remains the variable and sometimes high rates of lost animals. Since the 1960s changes in socio-economics in hunting areas of Arctic Canada and Greenland (and the use of snowmobiles instead of dog sleds in Canada) have led to a general decrease in interest in hunting of walruses and reduced harvest on walrus stocks in these countries. Although there is an active ongoing cooperation between Canada and Greenland scientists regarding assessments of shared populations of walruses currently there is no formal agreement between the two range states on co-management of shared stocks. Protection of walrus from other anthropogenic impacts generally focusses on large-scale industrial activity. The level of protection afforded to walrus habitat in many areas depends entirely on the rigor with which the Environmental Impact Assessments are conducted. Basic information on walrus such as numbers and stock discreteness is often lacking and sufficient lead-time is required to collect baseline data. Moreover, although most environmental protection legislation considers ‘cumulative impacts’, practical application remains problematic. The effectiveness of environmental protection regulations depends on industry compliance and the management authorities’ ability to enforce compliance. Because walrus are found in remote locations, enforcement remains a challenge. Increased human activity allowed by the current change in distribution and quality of arctic sea ice poses new threats to walrus if not well regulated. International agreements have varying importance for management within and among member states. Regulations governing international trade serve to identify illegally obtained products and to encourage range states to have a sustainable quota system. International cooperation in information sharing has had clear benefits for management of walruses in the past. The maintenance and expansion of these international efforts will improve the management of Atlantic walruses in the future. 

Poyang Lake basin: a successful, large-scale integrated basin management model for developing countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1899-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiqiu Chen ◽  
Xiaohua Wei ◽  
Hongsheng Huang ◽  
Tiangui Lü
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Basin Management ◽  
Poyang Lake Basin

Protection of water environment while developing socio-economy is a challenging task for lake regions of many developing countries. Poyang Lake is the largest fresh water lake in China, with its total drainage area of 160,000 km2. In spite of rapid development of socio-economy in Poyang Lake region in the past several decades, water in Poyang Lake is of good quality and is known as the “last pot of clear water” of the Yangtze River Basin in China. In this paper, the reasons of “last pot of clear water” of Poyang Lake were analysed to demonstrate how economic development and environmental protection can be coordinated. There are three main reasons for contributing to this coordinated development: 1) the unique geomorphologic features of Poyang Lake and the short water residence time; 2) the matching of the basin physical boundary with the administrative boundary; and 3) the implementation of “Mountain-River-Lake Program” (MRL), with the ecosystem concept of “mountain as source, river as connection flow, and lake as storage”. In addition, a series of actions have been taken to coordinate development, utilisation, management and protection in the Poyang Lake basin. Our key experiences are: considering all basin components when focusing on lake environment protection is a guiding principle; raising the living standard of people through implementation of various eco-economic projects or models in the basin is the most important strategy; preventing soil and water erosion is critical for protecting water sources; and establishing an effective governance mechanism for basin management is essential. This successful, large-scale basin management model can be extended to any basin or lake regions of developing countries where both environmental protection and economic development are needed and coordinated.

Ozone loss in Antarctica: the implications for global change

1992 ◽  
Vol 338 (1285) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Antarctic Ozone ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Ozone Hole

Although stratospheric ozone loss had been predicted for m any years, the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole was a surprise which necessitated a major rethink in theories of stratospheric chemistry. The new ideas advanced are discussed here. Global ozone loss has now also been reported after careful analysis of satellite and groundbased data sets. The possible causes of this loss are considered. Further advances require a careful coordination of field measurements and large-scale numerical modelling.

Potential Application of Nano Zero Valent Iron in Environmental Protection

2017 ◽  
pp. 179-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Tomašević Pilipović ◽  
Đurđa Kerkez ◽  
Božo Dalmacija ◽  
Milena Bečelić-Tomin ◽  
Aleksandar Došić
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Nano Zero Valent Iron

scholarly journals Novel Chaperones RrGroEL and RrGroES for Activity and Stability Enhancement of Nitrilase in Escherichia coli and Rhodococcus ruber

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmeng Xu ◽  
Lingjun Tang ◽  
Youxiang Liang ◽  
Song Jiao ◽  
Huimin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrile Hydratase ◽  
Fusion Expression ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Rhodococcus Ruber ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Nitrilase Activity ◽  
Stability Enhancement

For large-scale bioproduction, thermal stability is a crucial property for most industrial enzymes. A new method to improve both the thermal stability and activity of enzymes is of great significance. In this work, the novel chaperones RrGroEL and RrGroES from Rhodococcus ruber, a nontypical actinomycete with high organic solvent tolerance, were evaluated and applied for thermal stability and activity enhancement of a model enzyme, nitrilase. Two expression strategies, namely, fusion expression and co-expression, were compared in two different hosts, E. coli and R. ruber. In the E. coli host, fusion expression of nitrilase with either RrGroES or RrGroEL significantly enhanced nitrilase thermal stability (4.8-fold and 10.6-fold, respectively) but at the expense of enzyme activity (32–47% reduction). The co-expression strategy was applied in R. ruber via either a plasmid-only or genome-plus-plasmid method. Through integration of the nitrilase gene into the R. ruber genome at the site of nitrile hydratase (NHase) gene via CRISPR/Cas9 technology and overexpression of RrGroES or RrGroEL with a plasmid, the engineered strains R. ruber TH3 dNHase::RrNit (pNV18.1-Pami-RrNit-Pami-RrGroES) and TH3 dNHase::RrNit (pNV18.1-Pami-RrNit-Pami-RrGroEL) were constructed and showed remarkably enhanced nitrilase activity and thermal stability. In particular, the RrGroEL and nitrilase co-expressing mutant showed the best performance, with nitrilase activity and thermal stability 1.3- and 8.4-fold greater than that of the control TH3 (pNV18.1-Pami-RrNit), respectively. These findings are of great value for production of diverse chemicals using free bacterial cells as biocatalysts.

Study on the Recycling of Waste Old Ship-Wood

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 868-871
Author(s):  
Zhong Feng Zhang ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Jing Shu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
New Ideas

By introducing the supply and demand of China's wood resources, it summed up the necessity and problems of the recycling of waste wood. Then it presented that studying on the recycling of waste old ship-wood could provide new ideas for the recycling of waste wood. And then it in detail discussed that using which ways and means to achieve the efficient and high value-added recycling of waste old ship-wood on the premise of low-cost, green and environmental protection, and energy conservation and emissions reduction. And finally it pointed out that designers play key roles in the process of recycling waste wood and the recycling of waste wood has an expansive industrialization foreground which can boost the construction of “two-oriented society”.

REMEDIATION AND RECLAMATION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS COVERED BY EMISSIONS OF METALLURGY INDUSTRY

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (48) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
JANUSZ ROSADA ◽  
MARTA PRZEWOCKA
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Metallurgy Industry

Industrial plants that want to be up to current Polish and European environmental protection requirements faced the need to conduct large-scale pro-ecological activities aimed at minimizing the risk of environmental pollution. One of such action is the remediation or reclamation (purification) of soils using different methods to restore the degraded lands to their usefulness.

Cleaning of gas and air emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alleksandr Lukanin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dangerous Substances

The monograph examines the currently existing industrial gas emissions in the chemical, petrochemical, microbiological, pharmaceutical and related industries, methods for calculating their quantity and methods for protecting the air basin from them. The materials are based on an in-depth analysis of methods for cleaning frequently occurring, most dangerous substances that enter the Earth's atmosphere with waste gases of large-scale production. Recommendations are given on methods for calculating gross emissions of harmful substances for a large number of specific industries. The subject of the monograph is related to the scientific areas "Technosphere safety" and "Engineering environmental protection", training profiles: engineering environmental protection of localities, engineering environmental protection of industrial enterprises and environmental protection and resource conservation. It will be of interest to engineering and technical staff, graduate students and teachers.

ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol-Derived Renewable Polyglycerols: A Class of Versatile Chemicals of Wide Potential Application

ChemInform ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (37) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Rosaria Ciriminna ◽  
Benjamin Katryniok ◽  
Sebastien Paul ◽  
Franck Dumeignil ◽  
Mario Pagliaro
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Wide Potential
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