scholarly journals Fluid Evolution and Ore Genesis of the Juyuan Tungsten Deposit, Beishan, NW China

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Qiaojuan Yan ◽  
Zhengle Chen ◽  
Zhenju Zhou ◽  
Tongyang Zhao ◽  
Qiong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Tungsten Deposit ◽  
Nw China ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Vein Type ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Tungsten Mineralization ◽  
East Tianshan

The newly discovered Juyuan tungsten deposit is hosted in Triassic granite in the Beishan Orogen, NW China. The tungsten mineralization occurred as quartz veins, and the main ore minerals included wolframite and scheelite. The age, origin, and tectonic setting of the Juyuan tungsten deposit, however, remain poorly understood. According to the mineralogical assemblages and crosscutting relationships, three hydrothermal stages can be identified, i.e., the early stage of quartz veins with scheelite and wolframite, the intermediate stage of quartz veinlets with sulfides, and the late stage of carbonate-quartz veinlets with tungsten being mainly introduced in the early stage. Quartz formed in the two earlier stages contained four compositional types of fluid inclusions, i.e., pure CO2, CO2-H2O, daughter mineral-bearing, and NaCl-H2O, but the late-stage quartz only contained the NaCl-H2O inclusions. The inclusions in quartz formed in the early, intermediate, and late stages had total homogenization temperatures of 230–344 °C, 241−295 °C, and 184−234 °C, respectively, with salinities no higher than 7.2 wt.% NaCl equiv (equivalent). Trapping pressures estimated from the CO2-H2O inclusions were 33−256 MPa and 36−214 MPa in the early and intermediate stages, corresponding to mineralization depths of 3–8 km. Fluid boiling and mixing caused rapid precipitation of wolframite, scheelite, and sulfides. Through boiling and inflow of meteoric water, the ore-forming fluid system evolved from CO2-rich to CO2-poor in composition and from magmatic to meteoric, as indicated by decreasing δ18Owater values from early to late stages. The sulfur and lead isotope compositions in the intermediate-stage suggest that the Triassic granite was a significant source of ore metals. The biotite 40Ar/39Ar age from the W-bearing quartz shows that the Juyuan tungsten system was formed at 240.0 ± 1.0 Ma, coeval with the emplacement of granitic rocks at the deposit. Integrating the data obtained from the studies including regional geology, ore geology, biotite Ar-Ar geochronology, fluid inclusion, and C-H-O-S-Pb isotope geochemistry, we conclude that the Juyuan tungsten deposit was a quartz-vein type system that originated from the emplacement of the granites, which was induced by collision between the Tarim and Kazakhstan–Ili plates. A comparison of the characteristics of tungsten mineralization in East Tianshan and Beishan suggests that the Triassic tungsten metallogenic belt in East Tianshan extends to the Beishan orogenic belt and that the west of the orogenic belt also has potential for the discovery of further quartz-vein-type tungsten deposits.

scholarly journals Aspirin and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Riboside Attenuate Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Replication by Inhibiting BEFV-Induced Autophagy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Hung Tseng ◽  
Wei-Ru Huang ◽  
Ching-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Hung-Chuan Chiu ◽  
Tsai-Ling Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus ◽  
Jnk Pathway ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever ◽  
Attenuated Virus ◽  
Mtorc1 Pathway ◽  
Proteasome Pathway ◽  
Late Stages

Recent study in our laboratory has demonstrated that BEFV-induced autophagy via activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways and suppression of the PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway is beneficial for virus replication. In the current study, we found that both aspirin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-riboside (AICAR) siginificantly attenuated virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy via suppressing the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways as well as inducing reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway. AICAR reversed the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and Src/JNK pathways at the early to late stages of infection and induced reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway at the late stage of infection. Our findings reveal that inhibition of BEFV-induced autophagy by AICAR is independent of AMPK. Furthermore, we found that AICAR transcriptionally downregulates the ATG related genes ULK1, Beclin 1, and LC3 and enhances Atg7 degradation by the proteasome pathway. Aspirin suppresses virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy. It directly suppressed the NF-κB pathway and reversed the BEFV-activated Src/JNK pathway at the early stage of infection and reversed the BEFV-suppressed PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway at the late stage of infection. The current study provides mechanistic insights into the effects of aspirin and AICAR on BEFV replication through suppression of BEFV-induced autophagy.

scholarly journals Applying NGS Data to Find Evolutionary Network Biomarkers from the Early and Late Stages of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Hao Wong ◽  
Chia-Chou Wu ◽  
Chih-Lung Lin ◽  
Ting-Shou Chen ◽  
Tzu-Hao Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Network Biomarkers ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ngs Data ◽  
Late Stages

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major liver tumor (~80%), besides hepatoblastomas, angiosarcomas, and cholangiocarcinomas. In this study, we used a systems biology approach to construct protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) for early-stage and late-stage liver cancer. By comparing the networks of these two stages, we found that the two networks showed some common mechanisms and some significantly different mechanisms. To obtain differential network structures between cancer and noncancer PPINs, we constructed cancer PPIN and noncancer PPIN network structures for the two stages of liver cancer by systems biology method using NGS data from cancer cells and adjacent noncancer cells. Using carcinogenesis relevance values (CRVs), we identified 43 and 80 significant proteins and their PPINs (network markers) for early-stage and late-stage liver cancer. To investigate the evolution of network biomarkers in the carcinogenesis process, a primary pathway analysis showed that common pathways of the early and late stages were those related to ordinary cancer mechanisms. A pathway specific to the early stage was the mismatch repair pathway, while pathways specific to the late stage were the spliceosome pathway, lysine degradation pathway, and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation pathway. This study provides a new direction for cancer-targeted therapies at different stages.

Physical Health in Early and Late Stages of Bipolar Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s113-s113
Author(s):  
M.P. García-Portilla ◽  
L. de la Fuente-Tomás ◽  
L. García-Álvarez ◽  
P. Sierra ◽  
B. Arranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Multisystem Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Somatic Comorbidities ◽  
Late Stages

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is related to high prevalence of somatic comorbidities, health care costs, and premature mortality [1]. Some evidence supports the view of BD as chronic, progressive and multisystem disorder in which not only mental system, but also somatic systems are involved [2].AimTo investigate differences in physical health in patients with bipolar disorder at different stages (early vs. late) of the disease.MethodsCross-sectional, naturalistic, multicenter study. Sample: 110 outpatients with BD [68 early stage (diagnosed at least 5 years earlier) and 42 late stage (at least 20 years earlier)]. Assessment: demographic and clinical variables; psychopathology: HDRS, YMRS and CGI; biological information: anthropometric, vital signs and lab results.ResultsEarly stage group: mean age 40.1 (11.9), 66.2% females and CGI = 3.6 (1.4). Late stage group: mean age 55.8 (8.2), 69.0% females and CGI = 4.0 (1.4). Patients in early stage have significantly higher levels of glucose (t = −4.007, P < 0.001), urea (t = −2.724, P = 0.008), creatinine (F = 0.560, P = 0.022), triglycerides (t = −3.501, P = 0.001), Fe (t = 2.871, P = 0.005) and insulin (t = −3.223, P = 0.002). Moreover, they have higher Body Max Index (BMI) (t = −3.728, P < 0.000), abdominal circumference (t = −4.040, P < 0.000) and greater number of somatic comorbidities (t = −2.101, P = 0.041).Conclusions– patients with bipolar disorders in late stages have worse physical health than those in early stage.– these results could be an indication that bipolar disorder might better viewed as a multisystem disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Level as an Indikator of Progresivity Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Putu Oky Ari Tania ◽  
Dorta Simamora ◽  
Wahyuni Dyah Parmasari ◽  
Febtarini Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Synovial Tissues ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is autoimmune disease that attacks joints and synovial tissues. Rheumatoid Arthritis is characterized by inflammation that involves production of cytokines such as Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Increasing of interleukin 6 has correlation with activity and progressivity of the disease. This research was designed to know whether IL- 6 could be used as indicator progressivity of RA. The method that used for measuring IL-6 level is ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay), using the principle antigen-antibody binding. In early stage there were 9 persons (S01, S02, S03, S04, S07, S08, S09, S10 and S14) with of IL-6 level (mean : 3.640 pg/mL), intermediate stage there were 3 persons (S06, S13 and S15) with IL-6 level (mean : 12.453 pg/mL), late stage : 3 persons (S05, S11 and S12) with IL-6 level (mean : 59.349 pg/mL).

scholarly journals White matter volume is decreased in bipolar disorder at early and late stages

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana A. Duarte ◽  
Raffael Massuda ◽  
Pedro D. Goi ◽  
Mireia Vianna-Sulzbach ◽  
Rafael Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Type I ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Early Biomarkers ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Mood Condition

Abstract Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating mood condition that affects approximately 1.3% of people worldwide, although some studies report up to 3.9% lifetime prevalence and 4-6% in adults when broad diagnostic criteria are applied. Objective: To compare differences in total white matter (WM), corpus callosum (CC) and total gray matter (GM) volumes in patients with type I BD at early and late stages compared with controls. Methods: Fifty-five subjects were enrolled in this study protocol. The double case-control design included 14 patients with BD at early stage; 15 patients at late stage; and their respective matched controls (14 and 12 subjects). Results: CC and total WM volumes were significantly smaller in patients with BD at early and late stages vs. controls. There was no difference for total GM volume in the early stage group, but in patients at late stage total GM volume was significantly smaller than in controls. The total GM volume reduction in patients at late stage is in agreement with the neuroprogression theory of BD. The reduction of WM volumes in total WM and in the CC at early and late stages supports the possibility that an early demyelination process could occur underlying the clinical manifestation of BD. Conclusion: Our findings may direct to the investigation of WM abnormalities in populations at high risk to develop BD, perhaps as early biomarkers before the overt syndrome.

scholarly journals Tree diameter growth for three successional stages of Tropical Dry Forest in Minas Gerais, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (35) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofía Calvo-Rodriguez ◽  
Mario M. Do Espírito-Santo ◽  
Yule R.F. Nunes ◽  
Julio Calvo-Alvarado
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Successional Stages

he tropical dry forests of Brazil are classified as the most threatened and disturbed ecosystems in the country. We estimate the diameter growth in three successional stages in the Mata Seca State Park, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, through annual measurement of all individuals with more than 5 cm of diameter at breast height in 18 permanent plots (6 plots for each succession stage) in the early, intermediate, and late successional stages, over a period of 5 years (2006-2011). With this information the annual diameter increments for each individual were calculated to determine the diameter increments per stage, plot, and diameter class. The results show the following annual increments for each stage of succession: early (5.02 mm/year), intermediate (2.55 mm/year), and late (1.91 mm/year). We found high similarity in incremental growth between the plots in the intermediate and late stages. The greatest increments in the early stage was in  the 15-20 cm diameter class, in the intermediate stage in the 30-35 cm class, and in the late stage in the 45-50 cm class. The dominant species with the highest increments were Myracrodruon urundeuva (9.33 mm/year) and Mimosa hostilis (10.35 mm/year). Species with lower increments were mostly those of the late stage. The high diameter increment in the early stage and the differences we observed between stages were associated with species composition and biophysical factors that regulate the growth and structure of each forest.

Reproduction in the amphipod, Echinogammarus marinus: a comparison between normal and intersex specimens

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex T. Ford ◽  
Teresa F. Fernandes ◽  
Sebastien A. Rider ◽  
Paul A. Read ◽  
Craig D. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Apparent Reduction ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Passive Loss

The fecundity and occurrence of intersexuality in the amphipod, Echinogammarus marinus, collected from populations on the east coast of Scotland are reported. Intersex specimens have significantly smaller mean brood sizes than normal specimens. Embryo survival, as measured by the ratio of eggs/embryos in early and late stages of development, is lower in intersex specimens than normal specimens. Greater differences in the number of early stage eggs compared with late stage eggs in intersex specimens is suggested to arise by the active ejection of non-viable eggs, or from the passive loss of eggs through malformed brood plates in females. An apparent reduction in brood sizes between early and late stages of development in ‘normal’ specimens, emphasizes the importance of quantifying different egg/embryo stages in amphipod toxicology and fecundity studies.

A succession of quartz veins in Archean metaturbidites, Yellowknife Bay, Slave Province

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Fyson
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Host Rock ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Quartz Veins ◽  
Slave Province

The style of extensional quartz veins changed during deformation and metamorphism of greywacke–mudstones near Yellowknife, with successive types of veins accompanying a progression from steeply plunging, predominantly macroscopic F1, and F2 folds to mesoscopic F3 folds and subvertical S3 axial planar cleavages. (A) Early-stage multiple bedding-parallel veins are confined to pelitic units. Some form saddle reefs around hinges of F1 and a few later folds, whereas others are unrelated to fold hinges. Emplacement of most bedding veins during or before F1 folding is suggested. (B) Echelon veins pre-dominantly lie stratabound within pelites. Folding about S3 cleavage indicates a pre-F3 or early F3 origin. (C) Foliation veins more commonly cross sandstones than pelites and follow S3 or F3 axial surfaces. Boudinage of the veins indicates emplacement before S3 was fully developed. (D) Sporadic veins, discordant to bedding and cleavage, vary from undeformed to folded about S3. Evidently these veins were emplaced towards the end or after F3 folding.The change from pelite as the preferred host rock for bedding and echelon veins to sandstone for foliation veins could reflect migration of loci of hydraulic fracturing as fluid was produced and lost during metamorphism. Bedding and foliation veins apparently followed weakness planes (bedding fissility and cleavage), whereas the echelon vein arrangement suggests that during an intermediate stage of deformation pelites acted as shear zones. All veins could have formed during variably directed, subhorizontal, tectonic compression.

scholarly journals Making the Grade during Pandemic: Early-stage and Late-stage Provisional Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142110286
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Kinney ◽  
Nicholas J. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
State University ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Traditional Grading ◽  
Grading Policy ◽  
Temporary Solution ◽  
Rural State ◽  
Empirical Implications ◽  
Common Understanding

This is an article that draws on the institutional work literature about provisional institutions. To date, nearly every U.S. sector has been impacted by COVID-19. To sustain their core missions, highly institutionalized organizations such as universities have had to rethink foundational structures and policies. Using a historical ethnographic approach to investigate records from faculty senate deliberations at “Rural State University” (RSU), the authors examine the implementation of a temporary grading policy to supplement traditional, qualitative grades spring 2020 during the outbreak. The authors find that RSU implemented a temporary, supplemental grading policy as a provisional institution to momentarily supersede traditional grading as a means to—as soon as possible—return to it. This finding contrasts with the common understanding that provisional institutions operate primarily as a temporary solution to a social problem that leads to more stable and enduring, ostensibly nonprovisional institutions. The temporary grading policy, the authors argue, constitutes a “late-stage” provisional institution and, with this new lens, subsequently characterize the more commonplace understanding of provisional institutions as “early-stage.” This contribution has theoretical implications for studies of institutions and empirical implications for research on shared governance and disruption in higher education.

Health Insurance Status as a Predictor of Mode of Colon Cancer Detection but Not Stage at Diagnosis: Implications for Early Detection

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492199917
Author(s):  
Lindsey A. Jones ◽  
Katherine C. Brewer ◽  
Leslie R. Carnahan ◽  
Jennifer A. Parsons ◽  
Blase N. Polite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Point Increase

Objective For colon cancer patients, one goal of health insurance is to improve access to screening that leads to early detection, early-stage diagnosis, and polyp removal, all of which results in easier treatment and better outcomes. We examined associations among health insurance status, mode of detection (screen detection vs symptomatic presentation), and stage at diagnosis (early vs late) in a diverse sample of patients recently diagnosed with colon cancer from the Chicago metropolitan area. Methods Data came from the Colon Cancer Patterns of Care in Chicago study of racial and socioeconomic disparities in colon cancer screening, diagnosis, and care. We collected data from the medical records of non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White patients aged ≥50 and diagnosed with colon cancer from October 2010 through January 2014 (N = 348). We used logistic regression with marginal standardization to model associations between health insurance status and study outcomes. Results After adjusting for age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status, being continuously insured 5 years before diagnosis and through diagnosis was associated with a 20 (95% CI, 8-33) percentage-point increase in prevalence of screen detection. Screen detection in turn was associated with a 15 (95% CI, 3-27) percentage-point increase in early-stage diagnosis; however, nearly half (47%; n = 54) of the 114 screen-detected patients were still diagnosed at late stage (stage 3 or 4). Health insurance status was not associated with earlier stage at diagnosis. Conclusions For health insurance to effectively shift stage at diagnosis, stronger associations are needed between health insurance and screening-related detection; between screening-related detection and early stage at diagnosis; or both. Findings also highlight the need to better understand factors contributing to late-stage colon cancer diagnosis despite screen detection.

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