scholarly journals An Autochthonous Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Metapopulation Exploited for Two-Step Pyrite Biooxidation Improves Au/Ag Particle Release from Mining Waste

Mining ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-350
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Jiménez-Paredes ◽  
Elvia F. Alfaro-Saldaña ◽  
Araceli Hernández-Sánchez ◽  
J. Viridiana García-Meza
Keyword(s):  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Small Region ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Oxidation ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Intraspecies Diversity ◽  
Ag Particle

Pyrite bio-oxidation by chemolithotrophic acidophile bacteria has been applied in the mining industry to bioleach metals or to remove pyritic sulfur from coal. In this process, it is desirable to use autochthonous and already adapted bacteria isolated directly from the mining sites where biomining will be applied. Bacteria present in the remnant solution from a mining company were identified through cloning techniques. For that purpose, we extracted total RNA and performed reverse transcription using a novel pair of primers designed from a small region of the 16S gene (V1–V3) that contains the greatest intraspecies diversity. After cloning, a high proportion of individuals of the strains ATCC-23270 (NR_074193.1 and NR_041888.1) and DQ321746.1 of the well-known species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were found, as well as two new wild strains of A. ferrooxidans. This result showed that the acidic remnant solution comprises a metapopulation. We assayed these strains to produce bioferric flocculant to enhance the subsequent pyrite bio-oxidation, applying two-stage chemical–bacterial oxidation. It was shown that the strains were already adapted to a high concentration of endogenous Fe2+ (up to 20 g·L−1), increasing the volumetric productivity of the bioferric flocculant. Thus, no preadaptation of the community was required. We detected Au and Ag particles originally occluded in the old pyritic flotation tailings assayed, but the extraction of Au and Ag by cyanidation resulted in ca. 30.5% Au and 57.9% Ag.

scholarly journals Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Mining from Exploration to Reclamation: A Review

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebeom Park ◽  
Yosoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Exploration Exploitation

Over the past decade, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used in the mining industry for various applications from mineral exploration to mine reclamation. This study aims to review academic papers on the applications of UAVs in mining by classifying the mining process into three phases: exploration, exploitation, and reclamation. Systematic reviews were performed to summarize the results of 65 articles (June 2010 to May 2020) and outline the research trend for applying UAVs in mining. This study found that UAVs are used at mining sites for geological and structural analysis via remote sensing, aerial geophysical survey, topographic surveying, rock slope analysis, working environment analysis, underground surveying, and monitoring of soil, water, ecological restoration, and ground subsidence. This study contributes to the classification of current UAV applications during the mining process as well as the identification of prevalent UAV types, data acquired by sensors, scales of targeted areas, and styles of flying control for the applications of UAVs in mining.

scholarly journals Kinetic Constant Variability in Bacterial Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 3752-3754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Pokorna ◽  
Martin Mandl ◽  
Sarka Borilova ◽  
Pavla Ceskova ◽  
Romana Markova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Bacterial Oxidation ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Oxidation Rates

ABSTRACT Wide ranges of growth yields on sulfur (from 2.4 × 1010 to 8.1 × 1011 cells g−1) and maximum sulfur oxidation rates (from 0.068 to 1.30 mmol liter−1 h−1) of an Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain (CCM 4253) were observed in 73 batch cultures. No significant correlation between the constants was observed. Changes of the Michaelis constant for sulfur (from 0.46 to 15.5 mM) in resting cells were also noted.

A Conceptual Framework for Assessing the Potential of Ocean Mining Sites

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Elosta ◽  
Shiliang Shan ◽  
Nicole L. Kudla ◽  
Kyung-Kyu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
Ocean Mining

Ocean mining is considered to be the new offshore frontier and has been the center of research and commercial focus over the past few years. The further development of the ocean mining industry posts challenges in many fields including engineering, economics, environment, law, logistics and supply chain. This research aims to understand the challenges and link these fields by developing a framework for assessing the potential of ocean mining sites. Seabed resources and associated exploration and exploitation technologies are reviewed. Based on this review, it identifies the most promising ocean mining sites, the massive sulphide deposits in inactive hydrothermal vents, along the oceanic ridge in the Exclusive Economic Zone. An online survey is conducted to obtain a broader academic and industrial view on ocean mining. The world’s first commercial ocean mining project developed by Nautilus Minerals Inc. is also analyzed as a case study. Based on the seabed resources review, online survey and case study, the major challenges in ocean mining are presented, covering engineering systems, environmental risk mitigation, economic feasibility, law, logistics and supply chain.

scholarly journals Potentially Toxic Elements’ Contamination of Soils Affected by Mining Activities in the Portuguese Sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt and Optional Remediation Actions: A Review

Environments ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Clarisse Mourinha ◽  
Patrícia Palma ◽  
Carlos Alexandre ◽  
Nuno Cruz ◽  
Sónia Morais Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Iberian Pyrite Belt ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Best Available Techniques ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Contamination Of Soils

Both sectors of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portuguese and Spanish, have been exploited since ancient times, but more intensively during and after the second half of the 19th century. Large volumes of polymetallic sulfide ore were extracted in open pits or in underground works, processed without environmental concerns, and the generated waste rocks and tailings were simply deposited in the area. Many of these mining sites were abandoned for years under the action of erosive agents, leading to the spread of trace elements and the contamination of soils, waters and sediments. Some of these mine sites have been submitted to rehabilitation actions, mostly using constructive techniques to dig and contain the contaminated tailings and other waste materials, but the remaining soil still needs to be treated with the best available techniques to recover its ecosystem functions. Besides the degraded physical structure and poor nutritional status of these soils, they have common characteristics, as a consequence of the pyrite oxidation and acid drainage produced, such as a high concentration of trace elements and low pH, which must be considered in the remediation plans. This manuscript aims to review the results from studies which have already covered these topics in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, especially in its Portuguese sector, considering: (i) soils’ physicochemical characteristics; (ii) potentially toxic trace elements’ concentration; and (iii) sustainable remediation technologies to cope with this type of soil contamination. Phytostabilization, after the amelioration of the soil’s properties with organic and inorganic amendments, was investigated at the lab and field scale by several authors, and their results were also considered.

scholarly journals Implication of Mining to Health in Maiganga Coal Mine, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Engr. Amosu C.O. ◽  
◽  
Enitan C.S.A. ◽  
Eniola C.S.A. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Living Things ◽  
High Concentrations

Operations of mining are large industrial scale in nature, with significant environmental impacts. The mining industry generates and produces wastes containing high concentrations of metals and metalloids which are highly toxic and destructive to the immediate landscape and environment. In addition, the continued use of the traditional methods of mining intensifies the emission of toxic and products that are not friendly to the ecosystem.. Even regulated and controlled mining sites release toxins into the surrounding environment. While mining has prospects and benefits to the economy, both in terms of its own economic impact and the value to other industries of its product, it almost always has adverse environmental impacts and eventually health impacts. There are numerous ways in which mines impact the health of nearby environments and local communities. Mining involves some generally standard processes and practices. This paper considers the effects and harm done to living things around the mine location. By understanding mining’s threats to health and long-term well-being and by taking precautions to reduce harm in all mines, miners and other people in mining communities can better protect their health and improve their lives. This research will address questions like: which are the toxic substances causing health problems in Maiganga Coal Mine? What is the challenging impact of toxic substances in Maiganga coal Mine?.

scholarly journals 3D Numerical Modelling of Tailings Dam Breach Run Out Flow over Complex Terrain: A Multidisciplinary Procedure

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2538
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Guangming Yu ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Liyi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tailings Dam ◽  
Dam Breach ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
3D Numerical Modelling

Tailings dams, as essential mining structures, are being built globally for containing the chief waste stream of the mining industry. Catastrophic tailings dam breaches have occurred frequently over the past decade, causing severe impacts on the environment, economy, and human health. The foreknowledge of the tailings dam breach overland flow is crucial for the risk assessment and emergency response planning in order to prevent or minimize possible losses. Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) photogrammetry and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) numerical method, this study proposed a multidisciplinary procedure for modelling a hypothetical tailings dam breach run out flow over the downstream complex terrain. A case study on a 97-m-height tailings dam in Shandong Province of China was carried out. The proposed procedure was proven applicable to determine the overland tailings flow. The submerged area and flow velocities suggested that the downstream G2 highway would hardly be threatened and more concerns should be paid on the factory plants and workers deployed between the dam toe and the highway. Additionally, the application of UAV photogrammetry in the mining industry as a supplementary surveying method can be further expanded, especially for the numerous small-scale mining sites. The proposed procedure is then recommended for the safety management of the tailings’ storage facilities globally.

Application of Process on Furfural Wastewater Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 885-888
Author(s):  
Ya Rong Dong ◽  
Li Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Oxidation ◽  
Contact Oxidation ◽  
Biological Contact Oxidation

The furfural wastewater is kind of highly concentrated organic wastewater. According to its quality and quantity characteristics, this process of micro-electrolysis - photosynthetic bacterial oxidation - biological contact oxidation - biological carbon has been used for treating furfural wastewater. Under the condition that, the mass concentration of influent COD, BOD5 and SS were 8337~15692, 2100~4030, 100~300mg/L respectively, the pH value was 2~3, the effluent water after the treatment met the specification for grade 1 in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB(8978-1996), which practical proved that, the effect of the treatment process had a high efficiency, impact load is strong and stable operation; using it in furfural wastewater treatment, other high concentration wastewater treatment would be application reference.

scholarly journals Foreign Nationals in Yekaterinburg: At the Dawn of the City’s Social Organisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Redin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
History Of

The intensive development of metallurgy in the Urals in the 1720s is closely associated with the construction of Yekaterinburg, which became not only the largest and most diversified metallurgical plant city in Russia, but also the administrative centre of the mining industry in the east of the empire. The construction of the city under the leadership of an outstanding specialist and personal representative of Peter the Great, Georg Wilhelm de Gennin (Wilim Ivanovich Gennin), took into account the latest Western trends in industrial and fortification architecture. This affected the spatial planning and functional zoning of this mining city. It also had an important impact on its social organisation. A striking feature of Yekaterinburg was the high concentration of immigrants from European countries. Foreign nationals worked in the local administration and held a majority among the officers who commanded army units during the construction of the plant city. Also, the first doctors, the founders of the medical service in the Urals, were non-Russian. However, most specialists dealt with metallurgy and mining. Yekaterinburg became both their place of residence and a staging post on their way to other factories and mines in the region. The contribution of these people to the formation and development of the industry in the region can hardly be overestimated. Nevertheless, there is still no special comprehensive study of this population category in early Yekaterinburg. This article is an attempt to consider the history of foreign immigrants as a social whole in Yekaterinburg society during the first decade of its existence. The author identifies their features and the factors that promoted and hindered intra-community integration, concluding that by the end of the first decade of Yekaterinburg’s life, it had failed to form an influential and relatively homogeneous colony of foreign nationals: their number had noticeably decreased compared to the 1720s. The formation of a full-fledged community was hampered by marked differences in the legal status of foreigners and a lack of corporate privileges. Other factors were a minimised sphere of private life (which made it impossible for them to create stable internal organisation) and internal professional competition. However, the most important thing was high geographic mobility, which gave rise to quantitative and qualitative instability in the community.

scholarly journals Utilizing coal remaining resources and post-mining land use planning based on GIS-based optimization method : study case at PT Adaro coal mine in South Kalimantan

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Mohamad Anis ◽  
Arifudin Idrus ◽  
Hendra Amijaya ◽  
Subagyo Subagyo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Geological Conditions

Coal mining activities may cause a series of environmental and socio-economic issues in communities around the mining area. Mining can become an obstacle to environmental sustainability and a major hidden danger to the security of the local ecology. Therefore, the coal mining industry should follow some specific principles and factors in achieving sustainable development. These factors include geological conditions, land use, mining technology, environmental sustainability policies and government regulations, socio-economic factors, as well as sustainability optimization for post-mining land use. Resources of the remains of the coal which is defined as the last remaining condition of the resources and reserves of coal when the coal companies have already completed the life of the mine or the expiration of the licensing contract (in accordance with government permission). This research uses approch of knowledge-driven GIS based methods mainly Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy logic for utilizing coal remaining resources and post-mining land use planning. The mining area selected for this study belongs to a PKP2B (Work Agreement for Coal Mining) company named Adaro Indonesia (PT Adaro). The result shows that geologically the existing formation is dominated by Coal Bearing Formation (Warukin Formation) which allows the presence of remains coal resource potential after the lifetime of mine, and the suitability of rubber plantation for the optimization of land use in all mining sites and also in some disposal places in conservation areas and protected forests.

scholarly journals AN OVERALL VIEW ON GEMSTONE MINING IN GILGIT-BALTISTAN. PROBLEMS AND MITIGATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Muhammad Alam ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
G. Khan ◽  
M. Alam ◽  
Y. Bano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Mining Methods ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan

Gilgit-Baltistan has tremendous amount of gemstone wealth and thousands of miners are busy to explore this wealth, but due to unscientific and crude mining methods this mineral wealth goes into waste in many ways, like fractures, damages and total destructions of gemstone due to ill blasting methods and lack of proper training. Gemstone mining is done in all districts of Gilgit-Baltistan. According to a careful survey in July 2007, 32 types of Gemstones (Precious and Semiprecious) are found in GB, out of total production of gemstones produced in Pakistan 95% come from GB. According to this survey there are more than 2000 mines which produce different variety of gemstones and numbers of miners involved in this mining industry directly or indirectly are more than 25000.  Due to these crude and unscientific mining methods, improper camps without hygienic facilities, lack of proper mining equipment, lack of basic health facilities and safety tools and lack of mining equipment repairing facilities at mining sites, number of problems are arising. These problems include damage to the fauna and flora in mining areas, damage to the eco system due to blasting and flow of people; mountains are becoming vulnerable due to improper mines development, glaciers melting due to use of thermal generators, spreading of human filth and waste like plastic and at last polluting of the water. This research is based on the mitigation of all these problems to some extent. The damage to the fauna and flora may be reduced by controlling spreading of human filth and waste, controlled blasting may be done by using modern blasting techniques, proper mines of international standard may be developed by in forcing the mining rules, use of thermal generators may be prohibited by developing small hydro projects at sites and at last pollution of water may be controlled by training people to adopt the cleanliness drives time to time and equipment repairing facilities at sites as well.   

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