scholarly journals Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Amino Acid Profiles and Their Derived Volatile Compounds in Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) Grapes and Wines

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-lun Ju ◽  
Guo-qian Xu ◽  
Xiao-feng Yue ◽  
Xian-fang Zhao ◽  
Ting-yao Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Amino acid contents and their derived volatile compositions in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines after regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) were investigated during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in Yinchuan (NingXia, China). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for amino acid and volatile compound analyses. Three RDI strategies were tested: 60% (RDI-1), 70% (RDI-2), and 80% (RDI-3) of grapevine estimated evapotranspiration (ETc), and 100% ETc was used as the control group (CK). RDI-treated vines had lower yields and berry weights with higher total soluble solids than the control treatment. RDI-1 increased proline levels in berries and wines. RDI-2 enhanced tyrosine and asparagine levels in wines. RDI-3 enhanced arginine, alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine levels in berries and wines. RDI-2 and RDI-3 increased the concentrations of 2-methyl-1-butyl acetate, benzaldehyde, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol in wines. The accumulation of volatile compounds was closely related to the amino acid concentrations—especially isoleucine, valine, and leucine—in grapes. Our results showed that RDI treatments altered amino acid concentrations and their derived volatile compositions in wines.

scholarly journals Regulated Deficit Irrigation Effect on Yield and Wine Color of Cabernet Sauvignon in Central California

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1520-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Costello ◽  
W. Keith Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Central California ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Wine Color

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is a management strategy that on grape can improve shoot/fruit ratio, water efficiency, and wine quality but has the potential to reduce yield. As part of a study on the influence of RDI on leafhopper density, we evaluated the effects on grape yield, berry size, berry soluble solids, and wine color. The studies were conducted at commercial vineyards in the San Joaquin Valley and in the Paso Robles region, CA, with Cabernet Sauvignon as the cultivar. Water deficits were imposed at either 50% (moderate deficit) or 25% (severe deficit) of standard irrigation (the control) for a period of 3 or 6 weeks and initiated at berry set, leafhopper egg hatch, or veraison. Deficit irrigation decreased berry weight by 16.1% at the San Joaquin Valley site (Aliso) and 11.7% at one of the Paso Robles sites (Frankel) but did not differ at the other site (Steinbeck). Yield was decreased by the deficits by 18.1% at Aliso, 26.7% at Frankel 2001 (but not 2002), and 24% at Steinbeck. Wine color density was increased by 21.8% at Aliso, 34.4% at Frankel 2001 (but not 2002), and did not differ at Steinbeck. Soluble solids did not differ among treatments at any site. There was no difference in berry weight, yield, or color between the moderate and severe deficits. It appears that in central California, RDI such as these are likely to reduce yield but are only one factor among many variables affecting quality such as wine color.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Grapevine `Cabernet Sauvignon' Response to Two Deficit Irrigation Strategies

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 828A-828
Author(s):  
Ashley Basinger ◽  
Edward Hellman* ◽  
Steven Shelby
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Partial Rootzone Drying ◽  
Solids Content

Partial rootzone drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) were evaluated separately over two years on Vitis vinifera L. variety `Cabernet Sauvignon' for their applicability to commercial vineyards in Texas and to investigate their potential for enhancing grapevine acclimation and cold hardiness. PRD treatments compared the alternating-half-rootzone water application strategy of PRD to an equal volume of water applied to the entire rootzone and a 2× volume of water applied to the entire rootzone. RDI treatments compared the effects of deficit irrigation at different developmental stages of grapevine: post-fruit set to veraison; veraison to harvest; post-harvest; and a no-deficit control. The PRD treatment plots performed similarly to the equal volume treatment plots for yield and fruit composition. The double-volume treatment had a trend to higher yield in 2002 and statistically significant higher yields in 2003, and slightly lower soluble solids content of fruit in 2002. Thus, the two deficit treatments, PRD and Equal, experienced only a small reduction in performance while enabling reduced water usage. The PRD alternating-half-rootzone strategy demonstrated no advantage over a standard deficit irrigation strategy. Grapevines irrigated with the RDI strategy responded to this treatment most during the post-fruit set to veraison stage of development, which had lower yields and higher fruit soluble solids compared to the no-deficit treatment in 2002. Both PRD and RDI deficit irrigation strategies significantly increased the earliness and rate of periderm development on shoots in both years, but did not result in consistently greater cold hardiness compared to no-deficit treatments.

Using saline reclaimed water on almond grown in Mediterranean conditions: deficit irrigation strategies and salinity effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi ◽  
Salvatore Camposeo ◽  
Giuseppe Lopriore ◽  
Cristina Romero-Trigueros ◽  
Francisco Pedrero Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Almond Trees

Abstract The main objective of this study was to acquire agronomic knowledge about the effects of irrigation with saline reclaimed (RW) and desalinated DESERT (DW) water and different irrigation strategies: control full irrigation (FI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on leaf nutrients, tree growth and fruit quality and yield of almond trees in pots. Our results showed that RW had the highest concentration of some valuable agronomic nutrients such as N, but also of phytotoxic elements (Na and Cl−). Na leaf concentration on RW treatments reached toxic levels, especially under RDI, and toxicity symptoms were shown. Regarding tree growth, cumulate trunk diameter on RW-RDI was significantly lower than on the control treatment and shoot growth was reduced from the beginning of the irrigation season in RW treatments. Maximum yield was reached on RW-FI, 18% higher than the control treatment. However, RDI strategies influenced negatively on yield, being 23% less in RW and 7% less in DW although water productivity was not significantly reduced by water stress. These findings manifest that the combination of RW and RDI can be a promising future practice for almond irrigation, but long-term studies to establish suitable management practices must be developed.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION STRATEGIES ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ‘SYRAH’ WINE PRODUCED IN SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa De Souza Oliveira ◽  
Giuliano Elias Pereira ◽  
Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima ◽  
Alessandra Monteiro Salviano ◽  
Russaika Lirio Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Volatile Acidity ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Caixa Postal

INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION STRATEGIES ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ‘SYRAH’ WINE PRODUCED IN SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY     VANESSA DE SOUZA OLIVEIRA1; GIULIANO ELIAS PEREIRA2; AUGUSTO MIGUEL NASCIMENTO LIMA1; ALESSANDRA MONTEIRO SALVIANO3; RUSSAIKA LÍRIO NASCIMENTO1 E LUÍS HENRIQUE BASSOI4   1Univasf, Colegiado de Engenharia e Ambienta, Avenida Antonio Carlos Magalhães, 510, 48902-300, Juazeiro - BA, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Rua Livramento, 515, Caixa Postal 130, 95701-008, Bento Gonçalves - RS, Brasil. [email protected] 3Embrapa Semiárido, BR 428 km 152, Caixa Postal 23, 56302-970, Petrolina - PE, Brasil. [email protected] 4Embrapa Instrumentação, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, Caixa Postal 741, 13560-970, São Carlos - SP, Brasil. [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT   Deficit irrigation is used to control grapevine vegetative vigor and the grape composition can be influenced by soil water content. The minerals contained in the grapes are responsible for the physicochemical properties and stability of the wine. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of irrigation strategies on the properties of ‘Syrah’ wines produced in São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The irrigation treatments used were FI (full irrigation), RDI (regulated deficit irrigation), and DI (deficit irrigation). Winemaking was performed by traditional methods, followed by stabilization and bottling. Density, alcohol content, pH, total and volatile acidity, total and free sulfur dioxide, total polyphenols index, color intensity, and total anthocyanin content were determined, as well as the contents of Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb. The properties of wines were influenced by irrigation strategies, except for the content of total anthocyanin, Mg, P, Na, Cu, and Mn. The contents of Cd, Cr, Fe, and Zn were similar in the vines. The wines demonstrated varied properties with different typicalities. Irrigation strategies can be recommended for different products, FI for young and cheap, and DI and RDI for aged and more expensive wines.   Keywords: Vitis vinifera L., grape, water availability, tropical wine.     OLIVEIRA, V. DE S.; PEREIRA, G. E.; LIMA, A. M. N.; SALVIANO, A. M.; NASCIMENTO, R. L. E BASSOI, L. H. INFLUÊNCIA DE ESTRATÉGIAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS DO VINHO ‘SYRAH’ PRODUZIDO NO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO           2 RESUMO   A irrigação com déficit é utilizada para controlar o vigor vegetativo da videira, e a composição da uva pode ser influenciada pela umidade do solo. Os minerais presentes nas uvas são responsáveis pelas propriedades físico-químicas e pela estabilidade do vinho. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de estratégias de irrigação sobre as propriedades do vinho ‘Syrah’ produzido no Vale do São Francisco, Brasil. As estratégias de irrigação utilizadas foram IP (irrigação plena), IDC (irrigação com déficit controlado) e ID (irrigação com déficit). A elaboração de vinhos foi realizada por métodos tradicionais, seguido de estabilização e engarrafamento. A densidade, teor de álcool, pH, acidez total e volátil, dióxido de total e livre de enxofre, o índice total de polifenóis, a intensidade da cor, conteúdo total de antocianina e concentrações de Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu e Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni e Pb foram determinadas. As propriedades dos vinhos foram influenciadas pelas estratégias de irrigação, exceto os teores totais de antocianinas, e de Mg, P, Na, Cu e Mn. Os níveis de Cd, Cr, Fe e Zn foram semelhantes nos vinhos. Os vinhos demonstraram propriedades variadas com diferentes tipicidades. As estratégias de irrigação podem ser recomendadas para a obtenção de diferentes produtos, sendo a IP para vinhos jovens e baratos, e o ID e IDC para vinhos envelhecidos e mais caros.   Palavras chave: Vitis vinifera L., uva, disponibilidade de água, vinho tropical.

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