scholarly journals Pleiotropic Biological Effects of Dietary Phenolic Compounds and their Metabolites on Energy Metabolism, Inflammation and Aging

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Villegas-Aguilar ◽  
Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa ◽  
María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
Sandra Pimentel-Moral ◽  
Jesús Lozano-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence

Dietary phenolic compounds are considered as bioactive compounds that have effects in different chronic disorders related to oxidative stress, inflammation process, or aging. These compounds, coming from a wide range of natural sources, have shown a pleiotropic behavior on key proteins that act as regulators. In this sense, this review aims to compile information on the effect exerted by the phenolic compounds and their metabolites on the main metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, inflammatory response, aging and their relationship with the biological properties reported in high prevalence chronic diseases. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated their pleiotropic molecular mechanisms of action and these findings raise the possibility that phenolic compounds have a wide variety of roles in different targets.

Rutin as Neuroprotective Agent: From Bench to Bedside

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 5152-5164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Budzynska ◽  
Caterina Faggio ◽  
Marta Kruk-Slomka ◽  
Dunja Samec ◽  
Seyed Fazel Nabavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Flavonoids are major dietary constituents of plant-based food found ubiquitously in plant kingdom where they are usually present in substantial amounts. Rutin is a flavonol-type polyphenol which consists of the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Rutin has been reported to exert diverse biological effects such as antitumor and antimicrobial mainly associated to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Mental, neurological, and behavioural disorders are an important and growing cause of morbidity. Most of these disorders combine a high prevalence, early onset, progressive clinical course, and impairment of critical brain functions making them a major contributor to the global disease burden. In the present work, the biological in vitro and in vivo effects and the potential therapeutic applications of rutin in neurodegenerative processes are reviewed, as well as their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, which are essential for a better understanding of its biological effectiveness. Moreover, the present review also provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms through which rutin is proposed to exert its neuroprotective effects.

An Appraisal of Current Pharmacological Perspectives of Sesamol: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 988-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bellamkonda Bosebabu ◽  
Sri Pragnya Cheruku ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi ◽  
Madhavan Nampoothiri ◽  
Rekha R. Shenoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds have been authenticated for its medicinal value in both Chinese and Indian systems of medicine. Its numerous potential nutritional benefits are attributed to its main bioactive constituents, sesamol. As a result of those studies, several molecular mechanisms are emerging describing the pleiotropic biological effects of sesamol. This review summarized the most interesting in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological effects of sesamol. The present work summarises data available from Pubmed and Scopus database. Several molecular mechanisms have been elucidated describing the pleiotropic biological effects of sesamol. Its major therapeutic effects have been elicited in managing oxidative and inflammatory conditions, metabolic syndrome and mood disorders. Further, compelling evidence reflected the ability of sesamol in inhibiting proliferation of the inflammatory cell, prevention of invasion and angiogenesis via affecting multiple molecular targets and downstream mechanisms. Sesamol is a safe, non‐toxic chemical that mediates anti‐inflammatory effects by down‐regulating the transcription of inflammatory markers such as cytokines, redox status, protein kinases, and enzymes that promote inflammation. In addition, sesamol also induces apoptosis in cancer cells via mitochondrial and receptor‐mediated pathways, as well as activation of caspase cascades. In the present review, several pharmacological effects of sesamol are summarised namely, antioxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, radioprotective, anti-aging, anti-ulcer, anti-dementia, anti-depressant, antiplatelet, anticonvulsant, anti-anxiolytic, wound healing, cosmetic (skin whitening), anti-microbial, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) inhibition, hepatoprotective activity and other biological effects. Here we have summarized the proposed mechanism behind these pharmacological effects.

scholarly journals The Role of Selected Natural Biomolecules in Sperm Production and Functionality

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5196
Author(s):  
Eva Tvrdá ◽  
Filip Benko ◽  
Tomáš Slanina ◽  
Stefan S. du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Reproductive Dysfunction

Emerging evidence from in vivo as well as in vitro studies indicates that natural biomolecules may play important roles in the prevention or management of a wide array of chronic diseases. Furthermore, the use of natural compounds in the treatment of male sub- or infertility has been proposed as a potential alternative to conventional therapeutic options. As such, we aimed to evaluate the effects of selected natural biomolecules on the sperm production, structural integrity, and functional activity. At the same time, we reviewed their possible beneficial or adverse effects on male reproductive health. Using relevant keywords, a literature search was performed to collect currently available information regarding molecular mechanisms by which selected natural biomolecules exhibit their biological effects in the context of male reproductive dysfunction. Evidence gathered from clinical trials, in vitro experiments and in vivo studies suggest that the selected natural compounds affect key targets related to sperm mitochondrial metabolism and motion behavior, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA integrity and cell death. The majority of reports emphasize on ameliorative, stimulating and protective effects of natural biomolecules on the sperm function. Nevertheless, possible adverse and toxic behavior of natural compounds has been indicated as well, pointing out to a possible dose-dependent impact of natural biomolecules on the sperm survival and functionality. As such, further research leading to a deeper understanding of the beneficial or adverse roles of natural compounds is necessary before these can be employed for the management of male reproductive dysfunction.

Cnidium monnieri: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (05) ◽  
pp. 835-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Min Li ◽  
Min Jia ◽  
Hua-Qiang Li ◽  
Nai-Dan Zhang ◽  
Xian Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Male Impotence ◽  
Wide Range

Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss., an annual plant of the Umbelliferae species is one of the most widely used traditional herbal medicines and its fruits have been used to treat a variety of diseases in China, Vietnam, and Japan. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and contraindication of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. and to provide future directions of research on this plant. To date, 350 compounds have been isolated and identified from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss., including the main active constituent, coumarins. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that osthole and other coumarin compounds possess wide range of pharmacological properties for the treatment of female genitals, male impotence, frigidity, skin-related diseases, and exhibit strong antipruritic, anti-allergic, antidermatophytic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-osteoporotic effects. Although coumarins have been identified as the main active constituents responsible for the observed pharmacological effects, the molecular mechanisms of their actions are still unknown. Therefore, further studies are still required to reveal the structure–activity relationship of these active constituents. In addition, toxicological and clinical studies are also required to provide further data for pharmaceutical use.

scholarly journals Properties of Resveratrol:In VitroandIn VivoStudies about Metabolism, Bioavailability, and Biological Effects in Animal Models and Humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gambini ◽  
M. Inglés ◽  
G. Olaso ◽  
R. Lopez-Grueso ◽  
V. Bonet-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

Plants containing resveratrol have been used effectively in traditional medicine for over 2000 years. It can be found in some plants, fruits, and derivatives, such as red wine. Therefore, it can be administered by either consuming these natural products or intaking nutraceutical pills. Resveratrol exhibits a wide range of beneficial properties, and this may be due to its molecular structure, which endow resveratrol with the ability to bind to many biomolecules. Among these properties its activity as an anticancer agent, a platelet antiaggregation agent, and an antioxidant, as well as its antiaging, antifrailty, anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, and so forth activities, is worth highlighting. These beneficial biological properties have been extensively studied in humans and animal models, bothin vitroandin vivo. The issue of bioavailability of resveratrol is of paramount importance and is determined by its rapid elimination and the fact that its absorption is highly effective, but the first hepatic step leaves little free resveratrol. Clarifying aspects like stability and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol metabolites would be fundamental to understand and apply the therapeutic properties of resveratrol.

scholarly journals REPTOR/CREBRF encode key regulators of muscle energy metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Saavedra ◽  
Phillip A Dumesic ◽  
Yanhui Hu ◽  
Patrick Jouandin ◽  
Richard Binari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Muscle Energy ◽  
Muscle Energy Metabolism

Metabolic flexibility of muscle tissue describes the capacity to use glucose or lipids as energy substrates and its disruption is associated with metabolic dysfunction. Cancer-induced cachexia is a metabolic syndrome linked with muscle wasting, changes in muscle energy metabolism and lower life expectancy in cancer patients. The molecular mechanisms driving metabolic changes in muscle, however, are poorly characterized. Here, using a Drosophila model of systemic metabolic dysfunction triggered by yorkie-induced gut tumors, we identify the transcription factor REPTOR as a key regulator of energy metabolism in muscle. We show that REPTOR is upregulated in muscles of adult flies with gut yorkie-tumors, where it is necessary to modulate glucose metabolism. REPTOR expression in muscles is induced by ImpL2, a tumor-derived insulin binding protein that reduces systemic insulin signaling, or by nutritional restriction. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that high activity of REPTOR is sufficient to increase glucose content, transcriptionally repress phosphofructokinase and increase mitochondrial respiration. Consistent with the fly studies, higher levels of CREBRF, the mammalian ortholog of REPTOR, reduce glycolysis in mouse myotubes while promoting an oxidative phenotype. Altogether, our results implicate REPTOR/CREBRF as key regulators of muscle metabolism and metabolic flexibility that share a conserved function as repressors of glycolysis and promoters of oxidative phosphorylation.

scholarly journals Health promoting and sensory properties of phenolic compounds in food

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 764-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia de Lacerda de Oliveira ◽  
Mariana Veras de Carvalho ◽  
Lauro Melo
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Health Promoting

Phenolic compounds have been extensively studied in recent years. The presence of these compounds in various foods has been associated with sensory and health promoting properties. These products from the secondary metabolism of plants act as defense mechanisms against environmental stress and attack by other organisms. They are divided into different classes according to their chemical structures. The objective of this study was to describe the different classes of phenolic compounds, the main food sources and factors of variation, besides methods for the identification and quantification commonly used to analyze these compounds. Moreover, the role of phenolic compounds in scavenging oxidative stress and the techniques of in vitro antioxidant evaluation are discussed. In vivo studies to evaluate the biological effects of these compounds and their impact on chronic disease prevention are presented as well. Finally, it was discussed the role of these compounds on the sensory quality of foods.

scholarly journals Bioactive Peptides as Potential Nutraceuticals for Diabetes Therapy: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 9059
Author(s):  
Priya Antony ◽  
Ranjit Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Wide Range

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern associated with high mortality and reduced life expectancy. The alarming rise in the prevalence of diabetes is linked to several factors including sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet. Nutritional intervention and increased physical activity could significantly contribute to bringing this under control. Food-derived bioactive peptides and protein hydrolysates have been associated with a number health benefits. Several peptides with antidiabetic potential have been identified that could decrease blood glucose level, improve insulin uptake and inhibit key enzymes involved in the development and progression of diabetes. Dietary proteins, from a wide range of food, are rich sources of antidiabetic peptides. Thus, there are a number of benefits in studying peptides obtained from food sources to develop nutraceuticals. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of these peptides will assist in the development of new peptide-based therapeutics. Despite this, a comprehensive analysis of the antidiabetic properties of bioactive peptides derived from various food sources is still lacking. Here, we review the recent literature on food-derived bioactive peptides possessing antidiabetic activity. The focus is on the effectiveness of these peptides as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we discuss future prospects of peptide-based drugs for the treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals Development and application of the complex model of the cholinergic system

Biologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Vasylenko ◽  
Mariia Martynova ◽  
Saulius Mickevičius
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Wide Range

The vital activity of organisms is regulated by biochemical processes. Even minor disruptions or incorrect intervention in these processes leads to serious, often irreversible, consequences. The study of the cholinergic system and its modulators is of particular interest. Reasonable influence on the metabolism of acetylcholine can help in solving a wide range of veterinary, medical, and fundamental biochemical problems. Currently, not all mechanisms of biological effects on the cholinergic system have been studied. Limited laboratory methods are the main obstacle to further study of these processes. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies can most often be questioned due to the significant influence of external factors, high variability of variables, and difficulties in processing large volumes of biochemical data. In recent years, more and more researchers have emphasized the need to introduce new methods and research methods in the area of biological sciences. Without innovative approaches in applied research, it is no longer possible to obtain a reliable and satisfactory result. It is necessary to set a goal to find and develop safe modulators of the cholinergic system both in the direction of catalytic reactions and its inhibition by using the methods of computational biology. Existing software products give positive results in solving highly specific issues, but they do not offer a comprehensive solution to the existing problems of biomodelling. This article examines examples of the existing modelling techniques and considers the possibility of creating a universal software product for the integral construction and analysis of the cholinergic system.

Pleiotropic Effect of Mahanine and Girinimbine Analogs: Anticancer Mechanism and its Therapeutic Versatility

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 1983-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lenin Maruthanila ◽  
Ramakrishnan Elancheran ◽  
Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkar ◽  
Senthamaraikannan Kabilan ◽  
Jibon Kotoky
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anticancer Mechanism ◽  
Metastasis Development

Emerging evidence present credible support in favour of the potential role of mahanine and girinimbine. Non-toxic herbal carbazole alkaloids occur in the edible part of Murraya koenigii, Micromelum minutum, M. zeylanicum, and M. euchrestiolia. Mahanine and girinimbine are the major potent compounds from these species. In fact, they interfered with tumour expansion and metastasis development through down-regulation of apoptotic and antiapoptotic protein, also involved in the stimulation of cell cycle arrest. Consequently, these compounds were well proven for the in-vitro and in vivo evaluation that could be developed as novel agents either alone or as an adjuvant to conventional therapeutics. Therefore, mahanine and girinimbine analogs have the potential to be the promising chemopreventive agents for the tumour recurrence and the treatment of human malignancies. In this review, an updated wide-range of pleiotropic anticancer and biological effects induction by mahanine and girinimbine against cancer cells were deeply summarized.

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