The Use of Different Commercial Mineral Water Brands to Produce Oil-In-Water Nanoemulsions

Nanoemulsions are submicron-size colloidal systems that have the ability to encapsulate, protect, and deliver active ingredients. They have been used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries to improve the absorption of drugs by the skin or via the gastrointestinal tract, aide in food conservation, and treat skin problems. To proper formulate a nanoemulsion, it is important to know the characteristics of its components (aqueous and oil phases, surfactants and additives), as well as the influence on the production method that will be used. This study investigates the influence of aqueous phase composition, stability and particle size in an oil-and-water nanoemulsion formation. By using a low energy method, the purified water was exchanged for different commercial mineral water and saline solutions, and the results of stability, particle size, pH and conductivity tests, were compared. These results show that the minerals present in commercial waters may alter the particle size, pH and conductivity values of nanoemulsions, as well as their stability.

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New approach in process intensification based on subcritical water, as green solvent, in propolis oil in water nanoemulsion preparation

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2021-0022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 208-218

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ghavidel ◽

Afshin Javadi ◽

Navideh Anarjan ◽

Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Subcritical Water ◽

Process Intensification ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Bioactive Materials ◽

Propolis Extract ◽

High Antibacterial Activity ◽

Oil In Water

Abstract Subcritical water was used to provide propolis oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions. To monitor and detect the main bioactive compounds of the prepared propolis extract, gas chromatography demonstrated that there were 47 bioactive materials in the propolis extract, among which pinostrobin chalcone and pinocembrin were the two key components. Effectiveness of two processing parameters such as the amount of saponin (0.5–2.0 g) and propolis extract (0.1–0.6 g), on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and antioxidant activity of the provided nanoemulsions, was evaluated. Results demonstrated that more desirable propolis O/W nanoemulsion, with minimum particle size (144.06 nm) and PDI (0.286), and maximum zeta potential (−21.71 mV) and antioxidant activity (90.86%) were made using 0.50 g of saponin and 0.53 g of propolis extract. Further analysis revealed that the prepared nanoemulsion based on optimum processing conditions had spherical shaped propolis nanodroplets in the colloidal solution with turbidity and maximum broad absorption peak of 0.08 a.u. and 292 nm, respectively. The prepared nanoemulsion had high antibacterial activity against both selected bacteria strains namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

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Design and characterization of oil-in-water nanoemulsion for enhanced oil recovery stabilized by amphiphilic copolymer, nonionic surfactant, and LAPONITE® RD

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra06080a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1952-1959

Author(s):

Yi Zhao ◽

Fangfang Peng ◽

Yangchuan Ke

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Nonionic Surfactant ◽

Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Small Particle ◽

Amphiphilic Copolymer ◽

Good Stability ◽

Small Particle Size ◽

Oil In Water

Emulsion with small particle size and good stability stabilized by emulsifiers was successfully prepared for EOR application.

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Simultaneous Monitoring of Particle-Bound PAHs Inside a Low-Energy School Building and Outdoors over Two Weeks in France

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12010108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Céline Liaud ◽

Sarah Chouvenc ◽

Stéphane Le Calvé

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Air Quality ◽

High Performance ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Ventilation Rate ◽

Low Energy ◽

Total Particle ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Individual Pahs

The emergence of new super-insulated buildings to reduce energy consumption can lead to a degradation of the indoor air quality. While some studies were carried out to assess the air quality in these super-insulated buildings, they were usually focused on the measurement of gas phase pollutants such as carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds. This work reports the first measurements of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with particles as a function of time and particle size in a low-energy building. The airborne particles were collected indoors and outdoors over three to four days of sampling using two three-stage cascade impactors allowing to sample simultaneously particles with aerodynamic diameter Dae > 10 µm, 2.5 µm < Dae < 10 µm, 1 µm < Dae < 2.5 µm, and Dae < 1 µm. The 16 US-EPA priority PAHs were then extracted and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to fluorescence detection. The resulting total particle concentrations were low, in the ranges 3.73 to 9.66 and 0.60 to 8.83 µg m-3 for indoors and outdoors, respectively. Thirteen PAHs were always detected in all the samples. The total PAH concentrations varied between 290 and 415 pg m−3 depending on the particle size, the environment (indoors or outdoors) and the sampling period considered. More interestingly, the temporal variations of individual PAHs highlighted that high molecular weight PAHs were mainly associated to the finest particles and some of them exhibited similar temporal behaviors, suggesting a common emission source. The indoor-to-outdoor concentration ratios of individual PAH were usually found close to or less than 1, except during the event combining rainy conditions and limited indoor ventilation rate.

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Astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsions preparation using spontaneous microemulsification technique: optimization and their physico–chemical properties

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2019-1545 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Seyedalireza Mortazavi Tabrizi ◽

Afshin Javadi ◽

Navideh Anarjan ◽

Seyyed Javid Mortazavi Tabrizi ◽

Hamid Mirzaei

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Particle Size ◽

Subcritical Water ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Polydispersity Index ◽

Garlic Oil ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Minimum Particle Size ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Technique Optimization

AbstractGarlic oil in water nanoemulsion was resulted through subcritical water method (temperature of 120 °C and pressure of 1.5 bar, for 2 h), using aponin, as emulsifier. Based on the prepared garlic oil nanoemulsion, astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsions were prepared using spontaneous microemulsification technique. Response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of independent variables namely, amount of garlic oil nanoemulsion (1–9 mL) and amount of provided astaxanthin powder (1–9 g) on particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulted nanoemulsions. Results of optimization indicated that well dispersed and spherical nanodroplets were formed in the nanoemulsions with minimum particle size (76 nm) and polydispersity index (PDI, 0.358) and maximum zeta potential value (−8.01 mV), using garlic oil nanoemulsion amount of 8.27 mL and 4.15 g of astaxanthin powder. Strong antioxidant activity (>100%) of the prepared astaxanthin–garlic oil nanoemulsion, using obtained optimum amounts of the components, could be related to the highest antioxidant activity of the colloidal astaxanthin (>100%) as compared to that of the garlic oil nanoemulsion (16.4%). However, higher bactericidal activity of the resulted nanoemulsion against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were related to the main sulfur bioactive components of the garlic oil in which their main functional groups were detected by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy.

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Preparation of Ginger Oil in Water Nanoemulsion Using Phase Inversion Composition Technique: Effects of Stirring and Water Addition Rates on their Physico-Chemical Properties and Stability

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2019-1427 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ashraf Farshbaf-Sadigh ◽

Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri ◽

Navideh Anarjan ◽

Yahya Najian

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Phase Inversion ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Addition ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Stirring Rate ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Addition Rate

Abstract Ginger oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions, were produced using phase inversion composition method and Tween 80, as emulsifier. Effects of processing parameters namely, stirring rate (100 to1000 rpm) and water addition rate (1–10 mL/min) were evaluated on the physico-chemical, morphological, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the prepared O/W nanoemulsions using response surface methodology (RSM). Results indicated that well dispersed and spherical ginger nanodroplets were formed in the nanoemulsions with minimum particle size (8.80 nm) and polydispersity index (PDI, 0.285) and maximum zeta potential value (−9.15 mV), using stirring rate and water addition rate of 736 rpm and 8.18 mL/min, respectively. Insignificant differences between predicted and experimental values of the response variables, indicated suitability of fitted models using RSM. Mean particle size of the prepared nanoemulsion using optimum conditions were changed from 8.81 ± 1 to 9.80 ± 1 nm, during 4 weeks of storage, which revealed high stability of the resulted ginger O/W nanoemulsion. High antioxidant activity (55.4%), bactericidal (against Streptococcus mutans) and fungicidal (against Aspergillus niger) activities of the prepared nanoemulsion could be related to the presence of gingerols and shogaols, a group of phenolic alkanones, in the ginger oil, which those were detected by gas chromatography method.

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Characterization of Astaxanthin Nanoemulsions Produced by Intense Fluid Shear through a Self-Throttling Nanometer Range Annular Orifice Valve-Based High-Pressure Homogenizer

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26102856 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 2856

Author(s):

Gary B. Smejkal ◽

Edmund Y. Ting ◽

Karthik Nambi Arul Nambi ◽

Richard T. Schumacher ◽

Alexander V. Lazarev

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Size Reduction ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Fluid Shear ◽

Particle Size Reduction ◽

Annular Gap ◽

Oil In Water ◽

High Pressure Homogenizer ◽

Pass Through

Stable, oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing astaxanthin (AsX) were produced by intense fluid shear forces resulting from pumping a coarse reagent emulsion through a self-throttling annular gap valve at 300 MPa. Compared to crude emulsions prepared by conventional homogenization, a size reduction of over two orders of magnitude was observed for AsX-encapsulated oil droplets following just one pass through the annular valve. In krill oil formulations, the mean hydrodynamic diameter of lipid particles was reduced to 60 nm after only two passes through the valve and reached a minimal size of 24 nm after eight passes. Repeated processing of samples through the valve progressively decreased lipid particle size, with an inflection in the rate of particle size reduction generally observed after 2–4 passes. Krill- and argan oil-based nanoemulsions were produced using an Ultra Shear Technology™ (UST™) approach and characterized in terms of their small particle size, low polydispersity, and stability.

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Impact of Tetrapeptide-FSEY on Oxidative and Physical Stability of Hazelnut Oil-In-Water Emulsion

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1400

Author(s):

Chenshan Shi ◽

Miaomiao Liu ◽

Qinghua Ma ◽

Tiantian Zhao ◽

Lisong Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Test System ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Hazelnut Oil ◽

Secondary Oxidation ◽

Antioxidant Additive ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Oil In Water Emulsion

This study investigates the antioxidant behaviors of a hazelnut tetrapeptide, FSEY (Phe-Ser-Glu-Tyr), in an oil-in-water emulsion. The emulsion was prepared with stripped hazelnut oil at a ratio of 10%. O/W emulsions, both with and without antioxidants (FSEY and TBHQ), were incubated at 37 °C. The chemical stabilities, including those of free radicals and primary and secondary oxidation productions, along with the physical stabilities, which include particle size, zeta-potential, color, pH, and ΔBS, were analyzed. Consequently, FSEY displayed excellent antioxidant behaviors in the test system by scavenging free lipid radicals. Both primary and secondary oxidation products were significantly lower in the FSEY groups. Furthermore, FSEY assisted in stabilizing the physical structure of the emulsion. This antioxidant could inhibit the increase in particle size, prevent the formation of creaming, and stabilize the original color and pH of the emulsion. Consequently, FSEY may be an effective antioxidant additive to use in emulsion systems.

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Microbial-Induced Mineralization of Zinc Ions Based on the Degradation of Toluene and Its Characterization

Science of Advanced Materials ◽

10.1166/sam.2021.3934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 656-661

Author(s):

Yiyan Lv ◽

Qiwei Zhan ◽

Xiaoniu Yu

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Phase Composition ◽

Surface Morphology ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Low Cost ◽

Zinc Ion ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Quick Response ◽

Zinc Carbonate ◽

Carbonate Ions

Microbial-induced degradation of aromatic organic compounds and mineralization of zinc ions have attracted much attention because of its low cost, simple operation and quick response. This research, toluene was decomposed and made the concentration of carbonate ions increased accordingly by the enzymatic pressing of microorganisms, meanwhile carbonate ions mineralized zinc ions into carbonate precipitations. The composition and microstructure were analyzed systematically. The analysis results indicated that carbonate precipitations, basic zinc carbonate, could be successfully prepared by microbial method. The particle size of basic zinc carbonate was nanometer, and its shape was near-spherical. Furthermore, the phase composition, functional groups and surface morphology of the precipitations prepared by different methods were basically the same. This work provided a new method for remediation of zinc ion pollution based on the degradation of toluene.

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INFLUENCE OF METAL POWDER PRODUCTION METHOD ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND FLUIDITY OF MAGNETICALLY ALLOY GRANULATE

Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering ◽

10.30987/2223-4608-2021-9-3-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (9) ◽

pp. 3-7

Author(s):

Dmitriy Kostin ◽

Aleksandr Amosov ◽

Anatoliy Samboruk ◽

Bogdan Chernyshev ◽

Anton Kamynin

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Comparative Studies ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Production Method ◽

Magnetic Alloy ◽

Gas Atomization ◽

Metal Powders ◽

Hard Magnetic Alloy

A comparison is made of the characteristics of metal powders of a hard magnetic alloy produced by centrifugal spraying and gas atomization. Comparative studies of particle morphology and particle size distribution of powders are presented in order to determine them.

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