Morphological, Physiochemical and Thermal Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) Extracted from Bamboo Fiber

Bamboo fibers are utilized for the production of various structures, building materials, etc. and is of great significance all over the world especially in southeast Asia. In this study, the extraction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was performed using bamboo fibers through acid hydrolysis and subsequently different characterizations were carried out using various advanced techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis has indicated the removal of lignin from MCC extracted from bamboo pulp. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed rough surface and minor agglomeration of the MCC. Pure MCC, albeit with small quantities of impurities and residues, was obtained, as revealed by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the increase in crystallinity from 62.5% to 82.6%. Furthermore, the isolated MCC has slightly higher crystallinity compared to commercial available MCC (74%). The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrate better thermal stability of isolated MCC compared to its starting material (Bamboo fibers). Thus, the isolated MCC might be used as a reinforcing element for the production of green composites and it can also be utilized as a starting material for the production of crystalline nanocellulose in future.

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The Utilization of Recycled Newspaper in the Production of Cellulose Microfiber

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.644 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1133 ◽

pp. 644-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed ◽

Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh ◽

Juhana Jaafar ◽

Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Thermal Gravimetric ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Reinforcement Material ◽

Cellulose Microfibers ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Scanning Electron

Cellulose microfibers (CMF) were produced by utilizing recycled newspaper paper (RNP) as starting material. This approach is considered as green since recycling newspaper leads to the environment preservation and also cost-effective. The effect on the structural properties of cellulose produced at different stage of pretreatment were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR and SEM demonstrate that the hemicellulose and lignin was successfully removed from the structure of the CMF. XRD and TGA results revealed that the different step of pretreatment was increased the crystallinity and thermal stability of CMF increased gradually. The improvement in CMF crystallinity has improved its thermal properties which is important in the field of reinforcement material.

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Preparation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibre Using Steam-Assisted Acid Hydrolysis

Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences ◽

10.37934/arfmts.81.1.8898 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 88-98

Author(s):

Fatiha Ismail ◽

Nur Eliyanti Ali Othman ◽

Noorshamsiana Abdul Wahab ◽

Fazliana Abdul Hamid ◽

Astimar Abdul Aziz

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Acid Hydrolysis ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Crystallinity Index ◽

Steam Treatment ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Scanning Electron

The isolation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from empty fruit bunch fibre (EFB-fibre) using acid hydrolysis through steam treatment (autoclave) followed by ultrasonication has been successfully established. The important parameter studied was the concentration of sulphuric acid (5%, 15% and 25%) at variable fixed reaction time and temperature. The resulting MCC was characterized using FTIR, TGA, XRD and SEM. FTIR transmission at 1163 cm-1 confirmed that the structure of cellulose was retained after undergoing acid hydrolysis. Thermal stability of MCC increased after being treated with H2SO4, which was determined using TG analysis. The morphological features were identified using Scanning Electron microscope (SEM), which showed the diameters of MCC to be in the range of 10 to 200 µm. The structural property of MCC was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the results showed that the MCC produced has crystallinity index of 72%. The results revealed that the parameters used tend to influence the physicochemical properties of MCC produced. Therefore, the MCC isolated from EFB fibres will be used as precursor for future EFB derived nanocellulose as well as a promising subject in nanocomposite research.

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Rapid four-component synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles using nano-eggshell/Ti(IV) as a highly compatible natural based catalyst

BMC Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13065-021-00734-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arefeh Dehghani Tafti ◽

Bi Bi Fatemeh Mirjalili ◽

Abdolhamid Bamoniri ◽

Naeimeh Salehi

Keyword(s):

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Diffraction Field ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Solvent Free Conditions ◽

High Yields ◽

Work Up

AbstractNano-eggshell/Ti(IV) as a novel naturally based catalyst was prepared, characterized and applied for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives. The characterization of nano-eggshell/Ti(IV) was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis. Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles were synthesized in the presence of nano-eggshell/Ti(IV) via a four component reaction of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile and hydrazine hydrate at room temperature under solvent free conditions. The principal affairs of this procedure are mild condition, short reaction times, easy work-up, high yields, reusability of the catalyst and the absence of toxic organic solvents.

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Magnesium Oxybromides MOB-318 and MOB-518: Brominated Analogues of Magnesium Oxychlorides

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10114032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 4032

Author(s):

Anna-Marie Lauermannová ◽

Michal Lojka ◽

Filip Antončík ◽

David Sedmidubský ◽

Milena Pavlíková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽

Heating Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Sustainable Building ◽

X Ray ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Magnesium Oxychloride ◽

Sustainable Building Materials

The search for environmentally sustainable building materials is currently experiencing significant expansion. It is increasingly important to find new materials or reintroduce those that have been set aside to find a good replacement for Portland cement, which is widely used despite being environmentally insufficient and energy-intensive. Magnesium oxybromides, analogues to well-known magnesium oxychloride cements, fit both categories of new and reintroduced materials. In this contribution, two magnesium oxybromide phases were prepared and thoroughly analyzed. The stoichiometries of the prepared phases were 5Mg(OH)2∙MgBr2∙8H2O and 3Mg(OH)2∙MgBr2∙8H2O. The phase analysis was determined using X-ray diffraction. The morphology was analyzed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition was studied using X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also used. The thermal stability and the mechanism of the release of gasses linked to the heating process, such as water and hydrobromic acid evaporation, were analyzed using simultaneous thermal analysis combined with mass spectroscopy. The obtained results were compared with the data available for magnesium oxychlorides.

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Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2O Cabbage/RGO Nanocomposites under Visible Light Irradiation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13111712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1712

Author(s):

Appusamy Muthukrishnaraj ◽

Salma Ahmed Al-Zahrani ◽

Ahmed Al Otaibi ◽

Semmedu Selvaraj Kalaivani ◽

Ayyar Manikandan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Visible Region ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Dye Pollutants ◽

Transmission Electron

Towards the utilization of Cu2O nanomaterial for the degradation of industrial dye pollutants such as methylene blue and methyl orange, the graphene-incorporated Cu2O nanocomposites (GCC) were developed via a precipitation method. Using Hummers method, the grapheme oxide (GO) was initially synthesized. The varying weight percentages (1–4 wt %) of GO was incorporated along with the precipitation of Cu2O catalyst. Various characterization techniques such as Fourier-transform infra-red (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible diffused reflectance (UV-DRS), Raman spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and electro chemical impedance (EIS) were followed for characterization. The cabbage-like morphology of the developed Cu2O and its composites were ascertained from field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). In addition, the growth mechanism was also proposed. The results infer that 2 wt % GO-incorporated Cu2O composites shows the highest value of degradation efficiency (97.9% and 96.1%) for MB and MO at 160 and 220 min, respectively. Further, its catalytic performance over visible region (red shift) was also enhanced to an appreciable extent, when compared with that of other samples.

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Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Particles Size and Morphology of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticle

Journal of Nano Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.50.18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 18-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rudzani Sigwadi ◽

Simon Dhlamini ◽

Touhami Mokrani ◽

Patrick Nonjola

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Particle Size ◽

Zirconium Oxide ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Crystallite Sizes ◽

Ft Ir

The paper presents the synthesis and investigation of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles that were synthesised by precipitation method with the effects of the temperatures of reaction on the particles size, morphology, crystallite sizes and stability at high temperature. The reaction temperature effect on the particle size, morphology, crystallite sizes and stabilized a higher temperature (tetragonal and cubic) phases was studied. Thermal decomposition, band structure and functional groups were analyzed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The crystal structure was determined using X-ray diffraction. The morphology and the particle size were studied using (SEM) and (TEM). The shaped particles were confirmed through the SEM analysis. The transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the formation of the nanoparticles with the particle size. The FT-IR spectra showed the strong presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles.

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Formation and Thermal Stability of Nd0.32Y0.68Si1.7 Layers Formed by Channeled Ion Beam Synthesis

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-514-191 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 514 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. F. Wu ◽

A. Vantomne ◽

S. Hogg ◽

H. Pattyn ◽

G. Langouche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Hexagonal Structure ◽

Orthorhombic Structure ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Good Crystalline Quality ◽

Ion Beam Synthesis ◽

Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACTThe Nd-disilicide, which exists only in a tetragonal or an orthorhombic structure, cannot be grown epitaxially on a Si(111) substrate. However, by adding Y and using channeled ion beam synthesis, hexagonal Nd0.32Y0.68Si1.7 epilayers with lattice constant of aepi = 0.3915 nm and cepi = 0.4152 nm and with good crystalline quality (χmin of Nd and Y is 3.5% and 4.3 % respectively) are formed in a Si(111) substrate. This shows that the addition of Y to the Nd-Si system forces the latter into a hexagonal structure. The epilayer is stable up to 950 °C; annealing at 1000 °C results in partial transformation into other phases. The formation, the structure and the thermal stability of this ternary silicide have been studied using Rutherford backscattering/channeling, x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.

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The Effect of Different Methods to Pretreat Reed Pulp on the Crystallinity of Microcrystalline Cellulose

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1056.12 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1056 ◽

pp. 12-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wen Long Zhang ◽

Wen Long Zhao ◽

Ya Jie Dai

Keyword(s):

Crystallite Size ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Average Crystallite Size ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Type I ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Dimethyl Acetamide ◽

Crystal Type

Reed Pulp was Raw Material that Pretreated by Four Methods {ultrasonic, Microwave, N, N-Dimethyl Acetamide (DMAc) and Tetrahydrofuran (THF)}. Reed Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) was Prepared by the Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis from Pretreated Reed Pulp. the Influences of Pretreatment Methods on Crystalline Type, Crystallinity and Crystallite Size of MCC were Investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). the Results Showed that the Crystallinity of MCC with Four Pretreatment Methods was 68.45%, 62.28%, 63.21% and 69.56%, Respectively. the Average Crystallite Size of MCC Prepared by Hydrolysis after Pretreated by Dmac was the Largest. whereas, the Crystal Type of MCC was Not Changed, it was still the Cellulose Type I. Comprehensive Analysis Indicated that the Effects of MCC Prepared by Hydrolysis after Pretreated by Ultrasonic were the Best.

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Carbonation Resistance of Surface Protective Materials Modified with Hybrid NanoSiO2

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11030269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 269

Author(s):

Kailun Xia ◽

Yue Gu ◽

Linhua Jiang ◽

Mingzhi Guo ◽

Lei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Construction Material ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Carbonation Depth ◽

X Ray ◽

Carbonation Resistance ◽

Ideal Situation ◽

Caco3 Content ◽

Reference Samples

To date, reinforcement concrete is the main construction material worldwide. As the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is steadily increasing, carbonation of the reinforcement concrete becomes a pressing concern. In this study, novel surface protective materials (SPMs) modified with hybrid nanoSiO2 (HNS), fly ash, and slag were developed to reduce CO2 emissions and extend the service life of the reinforcement concrete. The carbonation depths were measured by phenolphthalein to reflect the carbonation resistance. X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to analyze the chemical components of the samples after carbonation. In addition, MIP was carried out to examine the microstructures of the samples prior to carbonation. Thermodynamic modeling was employed to calculate the changes in the phase assemblages of each blends in an ideal situation. The experimental results showed that the carbonation depth and CaCO3 content of the SPM modified with HNS decreased by 79.0% and 64.6% compared with the reference, respectively. The TGA results showed that after carbonation, the CaCO3 contents were 4.40% and 12.42% in the HNS modified samples and reference samples, respectively. MIP analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of HNS in SPM led to a 48.3% and 58.5% decrease in big pores and capillary pores, respectively. Overall, the SPMs modified with HNS in this study possessed better carbonation resistance and refined pore structures.

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Study of Thermal Behaviour of EPDM/SBR Blends and Carbon Nanocoatings Deposited by Sputtering

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.875.116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 875 ◽

pp. 116-120

Author(s):

Muhammad Alamgir ◽

Faizan Ali Ghauri ◽

Waheed Qamar Khan ◽

Sajawal Rasheed ◽

Muhammad Sarfraz Nawaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Thermal Behavior ◽

Thermal Behaviour ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Thermal Stability Of

In this study, the effect of SBR concentration (10 Phr, 20 Phr & 30 Phr ) on the thermal behavior of EPDM/SBR blends was studied. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to check weight loss of samples as function of temperature by heating upto 600°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to determine quality and % crystallinity of the elastomer blends. It was seen that % crystallinity improved with an increase in the content of SBR in EPDM/SBR blends. TGA revealed that the thermal stability of EPDM/SBR blends has improved by 17% than neat EPDM. Carbon nano-coatings produced by sputtering have no beneficial influence on thermal behaviour of elastomers.

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