scholarly journals Marrubium vulgare L.: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Overview

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2898
Author(s):  
Milica Aćimović ◽  
Katarina Jeremić ◽  
Nebojša Salaj ◽  
Neda Gavarić ◽  
Biljana Kiprovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Labdane Diterpene ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Simplex Virus

Marrubium vulgare is a plant with high bioactive potential. It contains marrubiin, a labdane diterpene that is characteristic for this genus, as well as a complex mixture of phenolic compounds. According to numerous studies, M. vulgare acts as a good antioxidant agent, and due to this, it could potentially be useful in treatments of cancer, diabetes mellitus, and liver diseases. In addition, its anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and sedative potential are discussed. Apart from that, its antimicrobial activity, especially against Gram+ bacteria, fungi, herpes simplex virus, and parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Plasmodium berghei-berghei was recorded. Additionally, it could be used as a chicken lice repellent, herbicide, and natural insecticide against mosquito larvae and natural molluscicide. In veterinary medicine, M. vulgare can be used as an anthelmintic against the eggs and larvae of bovine strongyles parasites, and as an antibiotic against bovine mastitis caused by resistant bacterial strains. Due to the mentioned benefits, there is a tendency for the cultivation of M. vulgare in order to ensure high-quality raw material, but more firm scientific evidence and well-designed clinical trials are necessary for the well-established use of M. vulgare herb and its preparations.

LC-MS/MS Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Ilexsaponin A1 and Its Application in Intestinal Bacterial Metabolic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-781
Author(s):  
Liang Wu ◽  
An Kang ◽  
Yujie Lin ◽  
Chenxiao Shan ◽  
Zhu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Metabolic Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Ilexsaponin A1, one of the most representative triterpene saponin components in the roots of I. pubescens, showed its effects in anticoagulation and antithrombosis, attenuating ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial, angiogenesis and inhibiting phosphodiesterase. Objective: Reveal the key intestinal bacterial strains responsible for ilexsaponin A1 metabolism, and clarify their metabolic behavior. Methods: An accurate and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of “ilexsaponin A1 in General Anaerobic Medium (GAM) broth” was established and systematically validated. Then it was applied to screen and study the metabolic potential of the intestinal bacterial strains in an anaerobic incubation system. Results: Quantitation of ilexsaponin A1 could be performed within an analytical run time of 14.5 min, in the linear range of 2 - 2000 ng/ml. Enterobacter sakazakii, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, and Bifidobacterium angulatum were identified to have a potential effect to metabolize ilexsaponin A1 to different extents; and further bacterial metabolic studies were performed to clarify their metabolic capacity and behavior. Conclusion: This paper contributes to a better understanding of the intestinal bacterial metabolism of ilexsaponin A1 and provides scientific evidence for its clinical application. Additionally, the importance of intestinal bacterial strains in the disposition of natural products was also highlighted.

scholarly journals Examination of the element content of beers

2014 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Edina Szabó ◽  
Dávid Andrási ◽  
Péter Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Mineral Contents

Beer is a complex mixture of more than 800 several components, the most important ones are the minerals from this. Minerals originate especially from water and malt. In this work we measured the mineral contents of some own-brewed beer samples. We compared the results with the mineral contents of the water used as raw material of beer.

scholarly journals Papillomavirus in cervicovaginal smears of women infected with human immunodefficiency virus

1995 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edenilson Eduardo Galore ◽  
Maria José Cavaliere ◽  
Neuza Kasumi Shirata ◽  
Maria de Fátima Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Immunological Factors ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Invasive Carcinomas ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

It has been described that women infected with the human immunodeffciency virus (HIV) present more frequent cytological abnormalities in cervicovaginal smears, generally related to infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). The present work is a study of cervicovaginal smears of 147 HIV-seropositive women submitted to routine gynecological examinations. The smears were stained by the Papanicolaou method. Cytopathic effects of HPV were found in 38 (25.8%) cases. Nuclear atypias of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were evident in 36 (24.5%) of these cases: 27 (18.4%), CIN I; 6 (4.0%), CIN II and 3 (2.0%) CIN III. Also 2 (1.4%) invasive carcinomas and one (0.7%) endocervical dysplasia were found. Other agents observed were: Candida sp, 19 (12.9%) cases, Gardnerella vaginalis, 19 (12.9%), Trichomonas vaginalis, 13 (8.4%), Chlamydia trachomatis 5 (3.4%), Mobiluncus sp 2 (1.4%) and Herpes simplex virus 1 (0.7%). This study emphasizes the high frequency of HPV/CIN cervicovaginal abnormalities in HIV-seropositive in our population. It is possible that immunological factors and sexual promiscuity are involved in this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Metagenomic deep sequencing reveals association of microbiome signature with functional biases in bovine mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nazmul Hoque ◽  
Arif Istiaq ◽  
Rebecca A. Clement ◽  
Munawar Sultana ◽  
Keith A. Crandall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing

Abstract Milk microbiomes significantly influence the pathophysiology of bovine mastitis. To assess the association between microbiome diversity and bovine mastitis, we compared the microbiome of clinical mastitis (CM, n = 14) and healthy (H, n = 7) milk samples through deep whole metagenome sequencing (WMS). A total of 483.38 million reads generated from both metagenomes were analyzed through PathoScope (PS) and MG-RAST (MR), and mapped to 380 bacterial, 56 archaeal, and 39 viral genomes. We observed distinct shifts and differences in abundance between the microbiome of CM and H milk in phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria with an inclusion of 68.04% previously unreported and/or opportunistic strains in CM milk. PS identified 363 and 146 bacterial strains in CM and H milk samples respectively, and MR detected 356 and 251 bacterial genera respectively. Of the identified taxa, 29.51% of strains and 63.80% of genera were shared between both metagenomes. Additionally, 14 archaeal and 14 viral genera were found to be solely associated with CM. Functional annotation of metagenomic sequences identified several metabolic pathways related to bacterial colonization, proliferation, chemotaxis and invasion, immune-diseases, oxidative stress, regulation and cell signaling, phage and prophases, antibiotic and heavy metal resistance that might be associated with CM. Our WMS study provides conclusive data on milk microbiome diversity associated with bovine CM and its role in udder health.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Infectious Organisms Observed in Cervical Smears Between 1997–2014 at Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Al-Awadhi ◽  
Azza Al-Shaheen ◽  
Ahlam Al-Juwaiser ◽  
Sara S. George ◽  
Prem Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Cervical Smears ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simplex Virus

Objectives: This study aimed to examine gynaecological infectious agents observed in conventional and modified Papanicolaou cervical smears (CS) at a tertiary care hospital in Kuwait. Methods: This retrospective study analysed 121,443 satisfactory CS samples collected between 1997–2014 at the Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait. Conventional CS samples were obtained between 1997–2005, while modified CS were obtained between 2006–2014 following the introduction of ThinPrep® testing (Hologic Corp., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA). All samples were initially screened by cytoscreeners before being analysed by cytopathologists to determine the presence of specific infectious agents. Results: Overall, 8,836 (7.28%) of the cervical samples had infectious agents; of these, 62.48% were conventional and 37.52% were modified CS samples. The most frequently observed infectious agents were Candida species (76.05%), Trichomonas vaginalis (9.72%), human papillomavirus (HPV; 9.3%), Actinomyces-like organisms (3.23%), Chlamydia trachomatis (1.27%) and the herpes simplex virus (HSV; 0.43%). There were significantly more cases of Candida species, HPV-associated changes, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis and Actinomyces-like organisms detected in conventional compared to modified CS samples (P <0.050 each). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of HSV-associated changes (P = 0.938). The presence of two infectious agents in the same sample was identified in 0.87% of samples. Conclusion: Among CS samples collected during an 18-year period, Candida species were most frequently detected, followed by T. vaginalis and HPV. The identification of potential infectious agents is a valuable additional benefit of Papanicolaou smear testing.Keywords: Cervical Smears; Papanicolaou Test; Infection; Candida; Trichomonas vaginalis; Human Papilloma Virus; Cytology; Kuwait.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among young reproductive age women in India: implications for treatment and prevention

Sexual Health ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Madhivanan ◽  
Melissa T. Bartman ◽  
Lauren Pasutti ◽  
Karl Krupp ◽  
Anjali Arun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Reproductive Age Women ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infection ◽  
Transmissible Infection

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis infection is the most common curable sexually transmissible infection (STI) worldwide. The present study describes the burden and correlates of T. vaginalis infection among young reproductive age women in Mysore, India. Methods: Between November 2005 and March 2006, sexually active women aged 15–30 years were recruited from low-income peri-urban and rural neighbourhoods of Mysore, India. Participants were interviewed and offered a physical examination and testing for T. vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, Neisseria gonorrheoea and herpes simplex virus type-2 antibodies. Results: Of the 898 participating women, 76 had a T. vaginalis infection (8.5%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 6.7–10.5%). Nearly all (98%) participants were married and most reported their spouse as their main sex partner. The mean age at marriage was 16.9 years (s.d. 2.9 years) and two-thirds of the sample reported having first sexual intercourse before the age of 19 years. Risk factors independently associated with T. vaginalis infection included early age at first intercourse (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.09; 95% CI: 1.09–4.00), concurrent bacterial vaginosis (OR 8.21; 95% CI: 4.30–15.66), vaginal candidiasis (OR 2.40; 95% CI: 1.48–3.89) and herpes simplex virus type-2 infection (OR 3.44; 95% CI: 1.97–6.02). Conclusion: The burden of T. vaginalis infection at 8.5% is relatively high among a community sample of young reproductive aged women. Because this infection increases the risk of HIV transmission and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, there is a need for increased screening and treatment of this easily curable sexually transmissible infection in India.

scholarly journals Saracura-Mirá, a Proposed Brazilian Amazonian Adaptogen from Ampelozizyphus amazonicus

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Suzana Guimarães Leitão ◽  
Gilda Guimarães Leitão ◽  
Danilo Ribeiro de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Laboratory Experiences

The Amazon Forest is known all over the world for its diversity and exuberance, and for sheltering several indigenous groups and other traditional communities. There, as well as in several other countries, in traditional medical systems, weakness, fatigue and debility are seen as limiting health conditions where medicinal plants are often used in a non-specific way to improve body functions. This review brings together literature data on Ampelozizyphus amazonicus, commonly known in Brazil as “saracura-mirá” and/or “cerveja de índio”, as an Amazonian adaptogen, including some contributions from the authors based on their ethnographic and laboratory experiences. Topics such as botany, chemistry, ethnopharmacological and pharmacological aspects that support the adaptogen character of this plant, as well as cultivation, market status and supply chain aspects are discussed, and the gaps to establish “saracura-mirá” as an ingredient for the pharmaceutical purposes identified. The revised data presented good scientific evidence supporting the use of this Amazonian plant as a new adaptogen. Literature data also reveal that a detailed survey on natural populations of this plant is needed, as well as agronomical studies that could furnish A. amazonicus bark as a raw material. Another important issue is the lack of developed quality control methods to assure its quality assessment.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antimalaria Daun Gempol (Nauclea orientalis (L.) L) terhadap Plasmodium falciparum

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Mery Budiarti ◽  
Anshary Maruzy ◽  
Nengah Ratri RK ◽  
Endang Brotojoyo
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The use of gempol (Nauclea orientalis (L.) L) stem as a malaria medicine has been empirically and scientifically proven. This condition encourages exploitation which can lead to scarcity of raw materials. Substitution of plant parts as raw material for medicine is one of the innovations that can be done for the sustainability of the plant species. Leaves are one part of the plant that is often used as a raw material for medicine. The selection of leaves as the main ingredient has many advantages over other parts. Until now, research related to the antimalarial bioactive potential of N. orientalis (L.) L leaves has not been published. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential for leaf antimalarial activity as an alternative to substitution of stem parts. The leaf extract of N. orientalis (L.) L was prepared by maceration method with 96% ethanol then fractionation was carried out in stage using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol as solvents. Antimalarial activity testing was carried out in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) for screening phytochemical compounds in each sample. The hexane solvent was known to produce the most optimum extract by with a yield of 20%. The antimalarial activity of the hexane (IC 50 1.93 μg/mL) and methanol (IC 3.91 μg/ mL) fractions were classified as ‘very active’ and had a tendency to be able to compete with chloroquine phosphate activity. The potential for antimalarial activity in both samples was influenced by the content of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids and terpenoids which had been developed as active ingredients for malaria drugs. The results of this study indicate that the leaves of Nauclea orientalis (L.) L have the potential to be developed as an alternative to malaria medicine. Abstrak Pemanfaatan batang gempol (Nauclea orientalis (L.) L) sebagai obat malaria telah terbukti secara empiris dan ilmiah. Kondisi tersebut mendorong terjadinya eksploitasi hingga dapat berujung pada kelangkaan bahan baku. Substitusi bagian tumbuhan sebagai bahan baku obat merupakan salah satu inovasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk keberlanjutan hidup spesies tumbuhan tersebut. Daun merupakan salah satu bagian tumbuhan yang sering digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat. Pemilihan daun sebagai bahan utama memiliki banyak kelebihan dibandingkan bagian lainnya. Penelitian terkait potensi bioaktif antimalaria daun Nauclea orientalis (L.) L hingga saat ini belum dipublikasikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali potensi aktivitas antimalaria daun sebagai alternatif subtitusi bagian batang. Ekstrak daun Nauclea orientalis (L.) L disiapkan dengan metode maserasi dengan etanol 96%, kemudian dilakukan fraksinasi cair-cair bertingkat menggunakan pelarut heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Pengujian aktivitas antimalaria dilakukan secara in vitro terhadap Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) untuk penapisan senyawa fitokimia pada masingmasing sampel. Pelarut heksana diketahui menghasilkan ekstrak paling optimum dengan rendemen 20%. Aktivitas antimalaria fraksi heksana (IC 50 1,93 µg/mL) dan metanol (IC 3,91 µg/mL) yang tergolong dalam kategori ‘sangat aktif, serta memiliki kecenderungan mampu bersaing dengan aktivitas klorokuin fosfat. Potensi aktivitas antimalaria pada kedua sampel tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kandungan senyawa alkaloid, steroid, flavonoid dan terpenoid yang telah banyak dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif obat malaria. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daun Nauclea orientalis (L.) L berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif obat malaria.

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