scholarly journals Ambrafuran (AmbroxTM) Synthesis from Natural Plant Product Precursors

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3851
Author(s):  
Efficient N. Ncube ◽  
Lucia Steenkamp ◽  
Ian A. Dubery
Keyword(s):  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Oxidative Decomposition ◽  
Plant Product ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pleasant Odor ◽  
Odorous Compounds

Ambergris, an excretion product of sperm whales, has been a valued agent in the formulation of perfumes. The composition of ambergris consists of two major components: 40–46% cholestanol type steroids and approximately 25–45% of a triterpenoid known as ambrein. Ambergris undergoes oxidative decomposition in the environment to result in odorous compounds, such as ambraoxide, methylambraoxide, and ambracetal. Its oxidized form, ambrafuran (IUPAC name: 3a,6,6,9a-tetramethyl-2,4,5,5a,7,8,9,9b-octahydro-1H-benzo[e][1]benzofuran), is a terpene furan with a pleasant odor and unique olfactive and fixative properties. The current state of the fragrance industry uses ambrafuran materials entirely from synthetic or semisynthetic sources. However, natural compounds with the potential to be converted to ambergris-like odorants have been extracted from several different types of plants. Here we review plant terpenoids suitable as starting materials for the semisyntheses of ambrafuran or intermediates, such as ambradiol, that can be used in biocatalytic transformations to yield ambrafuran.

scholarly journals Customer Segmentation Through Path Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago García
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Customer Segmentation ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Gps Receivers ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types

With the rapid development of smart phones, tablets and their operative systems, many positioning enabled sensors have been built into these devices. Users can now accurately fix their location according to the function of GPS receivers. For indoor environments, as in the case we are studying, WiFi based positioning is preferred to GPS due to the attenuation or obstruction of signals. This paper deals with the automatic classification of customers in a Sports Shop Center on the basis of their movements around the shop's premises. To achieve this goal, we start by collecting (x,y) coordinates from customers while they visit the store. Consequently, any costumer's path through the shop is formed by a list of coordinates, obtained with a frequency of one measurement per minute. Then, a guess about the full trajectory is constructed and a number of parameters about these trajectories is calculated before performing an Unsupervised Learning Clustering Process. As a result, we can identify several types of customers, and the dynamics of their behavior inside the shop. This information is of great value to the company, to be used both in the long term and also in short periods of time, monitoring the current state of the shop at any moment, identifying different types of situation appearing during restricted periods, or predicting customer flow conditions

scholarly journals Understanding the Urgent Need for Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in the Spanish-Speaking Greater Antilles

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Fuentes-Luque ◽  
Pabsi Livmar González-Irizarry
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Caribbean

Even though Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is growing and flourishing throughout the world, it is practically unheard-of in the Caribbean, where accessibility faces an even bleaker existence. The circumstances of the deaf and hard of hearing (also referred to as D/deaf) are no less alarming: social barriers and exclusion are widespread. This paper emphasizes the need to make subtitles accessible in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, specifically on the islands of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic, and underscores the challenges faced by the D/deaf communities on each island. Our research focuses on issues like AVT laws and regulations, the habits of viewers of audiovisual (AV) products, and literacy and limitations on each island. This paper also examines the different types of D/deaf audiovisual consumers in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean and the difficulties each community faces when accessing media and entertainment. Our research reveals the current state of AVT accessibility in this region and provides a foundation for influencing legislators to begin enforcing AVT regulations and drafting SDH guidelines.

Dynamics of Dual-Cell Series Miura-Ori Structures With Different Types of Inter-Cell Connections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Zhou ◽  
Haiping Wu ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Hongbin Fang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cell Series

Abstract Origami-inspired structures and materials have shown remarkable properties and performances originating from the intricate geometries of folding. Origami folding could be a dynamic process and origami structures could possess rich dynamic characteristics under external excitations. However, the current state of dynamics of origami has mostly focused on the dynamics of a single cell. This research has performed numerical simulations on multi-stable dual-cell series Miura-Ori structures with different types of inter-cell connections based on a dynamic model that does not neglect in-plane mass. We introduce a concept of equivalent constraint stiffness k* to distinguish different types of inter-cell connections. Results of numerical simulations reveal the multi-stable dual-cell structure will exhibit a variety of complex nonlinear dynamic responses with the increasing of connection stiffness because of the deeper energy well it has. The connection stiffness has a strong effect on the steady-state dynamic responses under different excitation amplitudes and a variety of initial conditions. This effect makes us able to adjust the dynamic behaviors of dual-cell series Miura-Ori structure to our needs in a complex environment. Furthermore, the results of this research could provide us a theoretical basis for the dynamics of origami folding and serve as guidelines for designing dynamic applications of origami metastructures and metamaterials.

A Survey of Various Encoding Schemes and Associated Placement Algorithms Applied to Packing and Layout Problems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Tiwari ◽  
Georges Fadel ◽  
Vladimir Gantovnik
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Encoding Scheme ◽  
Packing Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Placement Algorithms

In this paper, we investigate the current state-of-the-art in packing algorithms. The focus of this survey is on the different types of encoding schemes and associated placement techniques used to represent the layout of a set of objects. The encoding schemes are investigated with respect to their suitability to different types of packing problems, specific scenarios where a given representation may outperform others and their limitations. The different types of placement algorithms that can be used with a given encoding are described. Some common desirable characteristics that an encoding scheme should follow are also discussed. Finally a qualitative comparison of the various encoding schemes is presented to help in selecting a specific representation based on a set of criteria.

scholarly journals Usage of Tagetes and Tanacetum as Dye Plants for Natural and Artificial Fibers

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
Pavol Kaššák ◽  
Katarína Kaffková
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Textile Fibres ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
Different Types

Abstract This study is presenting results from an experiment with two well-known dye plants and their interaction with different types of textile fibres. Briefly, fresh and dry inflorescences of Tagetes patula and dry inflorescences of Tanacetum vulgare were used for the preparation of a dyeing bath. Then, different samples of cloth (made from natural plant fibres (wool), artificial fibres (sloter and ortalion), both artificial and plant fibres (canvas) and natural animal fibres (wool)) were immersed into the hot dyeing baths. Results showed that both chosen plant species are suitable for textile dyeing, but they differ in colour density.

The Effect of Previous Material Research into the Manuscript of Dvůr Králové and the Manuscript of Zelená Hora on their Current State

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Martina Ohlídalová ◽  
Karel Křenek ◽  
Jana Tvrzníková ◽  
Michal Pech ◽  
Radka Šefců
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Material Research ◽  
National Museum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Information ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The 19Th Century

In 2017, the National Museum commemorated the bicentenary of the discovery of the Manuscript of Dvůr Králové and the Manuscript of Zelená Hora by further material research into both works and especially by an exhibition of their originals. The main aims of this research into the manuscripts included the documentation and evaluation of their current physical condition and the mapping of the effect of the microchemical analyses performed in the context of the disputes over the authenticity of the manuscripts between the middle of the 19th century and the 1970s. For the achievement of these objectives, a detailed documentation of all the pages of the manuscripts in different types of lighting (visible direct, lateral, transmitted, ultraviolet, infrared), optical microscopy, and the identification of the degradation productions of damaged places by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis and Raman spectroscopy were used. This provided new information on the current physical condition of the manuscripts and documentation of the damage caused by historical microchemical testing. In addition, some previously unpublished historical tests were identified, thus offering a new perspective on some current damage of the two manuscripts.

The Resource Efficiency Assessment Technique for the Foundry Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 880 ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor G. Vidayev ◽  
Nikita Martyushev ◽  
Aleksander S. Ivashutenko ◽  
Anna M. Bogdan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types

The short analysis of the assessment opportunities is presented for the resource efficiency in various industries and particularly in the foundry production. The developed algorithm of carrying out such assessment is presented. It is shown that such algorithm consists of five steps. They are the formation of the evaluating team, the choice of the technology or a product, the analysis of the chain creation of the added value for a technology or a product, the assessment of the current state of the technology or a product, developing the recommendations for the improvement of the efficiency of resources use. This article describes in detail the works, which need to be carried out at each stage of evaluating the resource efficiency. The evaluating map and the criteria are developed for comparing different types of the foundry technologies as well as the map for assessing the current state of the foundry technology. The result of the accomplished assessment with the described algorithm is the developed recommendations on the use of the enterprise resources.

Identification of new odorous compounds in Swedish water: mixed haloanisoles and phenolic precursors

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Corbi ◽  
D. Benanou ◽  
J. Cantet ◽  
J.C. Tabet
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Odour Threshold ◽  
Odorous Compounds

Mixed chlorobromoanisoles have recently been recognized as new potential odorous compounds in tap water. The odour threshold concentrations (OTCs) of these compounds are close to the sub ng/L (ppt) and associated descriptors are “earthy, musty, rubber”. During a “swampy, musty” episode in water of the Norrtälje district (Sweden), 2,4,6-mixed chlorobromoanisoles and their phenolic precursors were identified. These compounds were synthesised in order to quantify them in different types of waters. Samplings were performed during two different seasons. Results show that whatever the season, mixed haloanisoles and their precursors were present. Chlorination, biofilm activity and residence time in the distribution system seem to be critical factors for the appearance of such compounds.

Transmedia Television Drama: Proliferation and Promotion of Extended Stories Online

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Matthew Loads
Keyword(s):  
Children's Television ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Children's Television Programs

This article reports on a study of additional transmedia content that is available online in relation to all Australian television drama productions and high rating international drama productions in a five-month period, between January and June 2012. In particular, it asks what additional material exists, and develops a typology of different types of content in order to further explain the current state of play in Australian production. The study examines extended storytelling texts developed specifically for the internet, like ‘webisodes’. It also considers other video and further content that can be based on extending the story world of a program. This article presents and examines the results of the study, arguing that this material can be seen to support the idea of an industry in transition. It finds that there are differences in approach to this type of content between public, free-to-air commercial and subscription broadcasters. Children's television programs are seen to offer the most sophisticated approach online at this time.

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