Mast Cell Regulation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Effects of Food Components with Potential Nutraceutical Use

Mast cells are key actors in inflammatory reactions. Upon activation, they release histamine, heparin and nerve growth factor, among many other mediators that modulate immune response and neuron sensitization. One important feature of mast cells is that their population is usually increased in animal models and biopsies from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, mast cells and mast cell mediators are regarded as key components in IBS pathophysiology. IBS is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting the quality of life of up to 20% of the population worldwide. It is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, with heterogeneous phenotypes ranging from constipation to diarrhea, with a mixed subtype and even an unclassified form. Nutrient intake is one of the triggering factors of IBS. In this respect, certain components of the daily food, such as fatty acids, amino acids or plant-derived substances like flavonoids, have been described to modulate mast cells’ activity. In this review, we will focus on the effect of these molecules, either stimulatory or inhibitory, on mast cell degranulation, looking for a nutraceutical capable of decreasing IBS symptoms.

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Mast Cell-Nerve Interactions

Physiology ◽

10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.5.213 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 213-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Omri Bauer ◽

Ehud Razin

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Mast Cell ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Interstitial Cystitis ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Irritable Bowel

Mutual associations between nerves and mast cells have been observed in normal conditions and in pathological ones such as human irritable bowel syndrome, atopic dermatitis, interstitial cystitis, and more. Here we review the recent literature in this field, putting emphasis on the enteric, skin, and urinary systems, and the pathophysiological implications of this interaction in them.

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The Effect of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang on Intestinal Mucosal Mast Cells in Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/9086034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiangxue Ma ◽

Xiaoge Wang ◽

Nan Kang ◽

Ting Chen ◽

Haijie Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Mast Cell Activation ◽

Mucosal Mast Cells ◽

Fos Expression ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Objective. To investigate the effects of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang (TXYF) on intestinal mucosal mast cells in rats with postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS).Design. PI-IBS rat models were established using a multistimulation paradigm. Then, rats were treated with TXYF intragastrically at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 g·kg−1·d−1for 14 days, respectively. Intestinal sensitivity was assessed based on abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores and fecal water content (FWC). Mast cell counts and the immunofluorescence of tryptase and c-Fos in intestinal mucosa were measured; and serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and histamine levels were determined.Results. AWR reactivity and FWC which were significantly increased could be observed in PI-IBS rats. Remarkably increased mast cell activation ratio in intestinal mucosa, together with increased serum TNF-αand histamine levels, could also be seen in PI-IBS rats; furthermore, PI-IBS-induced changes in mast cell activation and level of serum TNF-αand histamine could be reversed by TXYF treatment. Meanwhile, tryptase and c-Fos expression were also downregulated.Conclusion. TXYF improves PI-IBS symptoms by alleviating behavioral hyperalgesia and antidiarrhea, the underlying mechanism of which involves the inhibitory effects of TXYF on activating mucosal mast cells, downregulating tryptase and c-Fos expression, and reducing serum TNF-αand histamine levels.

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INTERVENTIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: A REVIEW OF COCHRANE SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 120-126

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Lemes SCACIOTA ◽

Delcio MATOS ◽

Manuelle Mastrorocco Brand ROSA ◽

Mileny Esbravatti Stephano COLOVATI ◽

Elisa Fatima Benavent Caldas BELLOTTO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Psychological Interventions ◽

Cochrane Database ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Irritable Bowel

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex gastrointestinal disorder, whose understanding is relatively uncertain, and the treatment guidance decision still represents a challenge. OBJECTIVE: To identify and critically appraise systematic reviews (SRs) published in the Cochrane Database of SRs (CDSR) on the effects of interventions (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) for the treatment of IBS. METHODS: The search was conducted at the Cochrane Library in May 2020. The methodological quality of the SRs was evaluated by the AMSTAR-2 tool. RESULTS: Eight SRs with moderate to high quality were included, which addressed the treatments: (a) pharmacological: volume agents, antispasmodics, antidepressants and tegaserod; and (b) non-pharmacological: homeopathy, acupuncture, phytotherapy, biofeedback, psychological interventions and hypnotherapy. The results were favorable to antispasmodic drugs and antidepressants regarding the improvement of clinical symptoms. There was no difference between volume agents or tegaserod when compared to placebo. Acupuncture and homeopathy showed a little improvement in symptoms compared to placebo, but the certainty of this evidence was considered low to very low. Psychological interventions seem to improve the overall assessment of the patient and relief symptoms such as abdominal pain. However, there was no long-term follow-up of these patients. The results of the other treatments were considered uncertain due to the high risk of bias. CONCLUSION: Considering the low quality of the studies included in the SRs, pharmacological treatment with antispasmodics and antidepressants seems to be beneficial for patients with IBS. Among non-pharmacological interventions, psychological interventions seem to be beneficial. However, further clinical trials are recommended with greater methodological rigor to prove these findings.

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Mucosal Mast Cells in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove Czech Republic) ◽

10.14712/18059694.2018.46 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (3-4) ◽

pp. 163-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bilge Tunc ◽

Levent Filik ◽

Engin Altıntas ◽

Nesrin Turhan ◽

Aysel Ulker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Mast Cell ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Mucosal Mast Cell ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Mucosal Mast Cells ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Irritable Bowel

Even though exciting progresses have been until now, further studies are necessary to clearly understand the significance of MMC. Mast cells are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. However, their role in the pathogenesis remains unsettled. The specific aims of this study were to (1) examine mucosal mast cell counts in the cecum in patient with IBS, and IBD (2) compare MMC between the disease groups. We showed increased MMC count in IBS.

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The Role of Bacteria, Probiotics and Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods7020013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Ashton Harper ◽

Malwina Naghibi ◽

Davinder Garcha

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Human Microbiome ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Dietary Choices ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

And Function

Irritable bowel syndrome is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that threatens the quality of life of millions and poses a substantial financial burden on healthcare systems around the world. Intense research into the human microbiome has led to fascinating discoveries which directly and indirectly implicate the diversity and function of this occult organ in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology. The benefit of manipulating the gastrointestinal microbiota with diet and probiotics to improve symptoms has been demonstrated in a wealth of both animal and human studies. The positive and negative mechanistic roles bacteria play in IBS will be explored and practical probiotic and dietary choices offered.

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Efficacy of adding Luvos® Healing Earth supplementation to mebeverine in improving symptoms and quality of life of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized clinical trial

Biomedical Research and Therapy ◽

10.15419/bmrat.v5i10.493 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (10) ◽

pp. 2776-2783

Author(s):

Marjan Mokhtare ◽

Mohammadreza Asadipanah ◽

Mansour Bahardoust ◽

Arezoo Chaharmahali ◽

Masoomeh Khalighi Sikaroudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽

Young Males ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Group B

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Treatment can improve symptoms and social functioning in the patients. This study was designed to assess the effect of adding Luvos supplementation to mebeverine on improving symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Methods: Eighty patients with diarrhea-predominant IB, ages 18-65, were diagnosed by the Rome IV criteria and randomly assigned to the study. Forty patients (group A) received mebeverine (135 mg) twice a day (bid) plus Luvos®Healing Earth (1 sachet, bid). The other 41 patients (group B) received mebeverine (135 mg) bid for 4 weeks. Basic demographic data, Bristol score, symptom severity score, and QOL questionnaire were recorded at the start and completion of treatment. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. Results: Seventy one of the patients (35 and 36 patients in groups A and B, respectively) completed the study. The majority of the patients were young males, unmarried and highly educated. Diarrhea and QOL were both significantly improved in group A when compared to group B (P=0.036 and P=0.028, respectively). We did not find a significant difference (improvement) in abdominal pain or overall symptom score between group A (mebeverine + Luvos) compared to group B (mebeverine alone) (P=0.096 and P=0.071, respectively). Mild and tolerable adverse effects were observed in 2.8% (2/71) of the patients. Conclusion: According to our results, Luvos supplementation is safe, effective and well-tolerated in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients. Further study with a larger sample size is recommended to evaluate the efficacy of this natural clay-like medicine.

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Mast cell expression of the serotonin1A receptor in guinea pig and human intestine

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00421.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 304 (10) ◽

pp. G855-G863 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Guo-Du Wang ◽

Xi-Yu Wang ◽

Fei Zou ◽

Meihua Qu ◽

Sumei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Release Histamine ◽

Serotonergic Receptor ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Spinal Afferents ◽

Cell Expression

Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] is released from enterochromaffin cells in the mucosa of the small intestine. We tested a hypothesis that elevation of 5-HT in the environment of enteric mast cells might degranulate the mast cells and release mediators that become paracrine signals to the enteric nervous system, spinal afferents, and secretory glands. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and pharmacological analysis were used to study expression of 5-HT receptors by mast cells in the small intestine and action of 5-HT to degranulate the mast cells and release histamine in guinea pig small intestine and segments of human jejunum discarded during Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgeries. Mast cells in human and guinea pig preparations expressed the 5-HT1A receptor. ELISA detected spontaneous release of histamine in guinea pig and human preparations. The selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-PIPAT evoked release of histamine. A selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY-100135, suppressed stimulation of histamine release by 5-HT or 8-hydroxy-PIPAT. Mast cell-stabilizing drugs, doxantrazole and cromolyn sodium, suppressed the release of histamine evoked by 5-HT or 8-hydroxy-PIPAT in guinea pig and human preparations. Our results support the hypothesis that serotonergic degranulation of enteric mast cells and release of preformed mediators, including histamine, are mediated by the 5-HT1A serotonergic receptor. Association of 5-HT with the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome) underlies a question of whether selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonists might have therapeutic application in disorders of this nature.

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Successful Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Patient Suffering From Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz398 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marie Hocquart ◽

Thao Pham ◽

Edmond Kuete ◽

Enora Tomei ◽

Jean Christophe Lagier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Double Blind ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic and debilitating functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting 9%–23% of the population across the world. The relative efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on IBS symptoms was demonstrated in a double-blind, randomized study. Methods We describe the case of a 73-year-old woman suffering from IBS (abdominal pain, bloating, and abundant and disabling diarrhea, with 10–15 stools a day) and repetitive urinary tract infection (UTI; 5 episodes in 6 months, including 3 the last 2 months) for several years, generating an impaired quality of life. She received an FMT with 400 mL of fecal infusion from a healthy donor via a nasogastric tube after bowel lavage. Her digestive microbiota was analyzed using culturomic and metagenomic targeting 16S rRNA sequencing methods. Results Eight months after transplantation, we observed a significant reduction in frequency and improvement in stool consistency (3–4 molded stools a day against 10–15 before the transplant) and no recurrence of urinary infection (as previously reported). Using culturomics, we found 12 bacteria present in the fecal infusion and post-transplant stool; these were absent pretransplant. Three of them (Intestinimonas massiliensis, Oscillibacter massiliensis, and Provencibacter massiliensis) were previously discovered and cultivated in our laboratory using culturomics. Using metagenomics, we also observed 12 bacteria, different from those observed during culture, that could have been transferred to the patient by FMT. Conclusions In this case report, IBS symptoms and UTI frequency decreased after FMT UTI. Further studies involving more patients would be relevant to confirm this work and develop bacteriotherapy.

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