scholarly journals Supercritical Extraction of Red Propolis: Operational Conditions and Chemical Characterization

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4816
Author(s):  
João Henrique de Oliveira Reis ◽  
Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado ◽  
Gabriele de Abreu Barreto ◽  
Jeancarlo Pereira dos Anjos ◽  
Larissa Moraes dos Santos Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Process Yield ◽  
Extraction Curve ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The objective of this study was to determine the best operational conditions for obtaining red propolis extract with high antioxidant potential through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technology, using carbon dioxide (CO2) as the supercritical fluid and ethanol as the cosolvent. The following parameters were studied: overall extraction curve, S/F (mass of CO2/mass of sample), cosolvent percentage (0, 1, 2 and 4%) and global yield isotherms as a function of different pressures (250, 350 and 450 bar) and temperatures (31.7, 40 and 50 °C). Within the investigated parameters, the best conditions found were an S/F of 131 and the use of ethanol at the highest concentration (4% w/w), which resulted in higher extract yields and higher content of antioxidant compounds. Formononetin, the main biomarker of red propolis, was the compound found at the highest amounts in the extracts. As expected, the temperature and pressure conditions also influenced the process yield, with 350 bar and 40 °C being the best conditions for obtaining bioactive compounds from a sample of red propolis. The novel results for red propolis found in this study show that it is possible to obtain extracts with high antioxidant potential using a clean technology under the defined conditions.

Thermal-assisted recovery of antioxidant compounds from Bauhinia forficata leaves: Effect of operational conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 100303
Author(s):  
Eliane P. Jung ◽  
Gabriele F. Conrado Thomaz ◽  
Matheus O. de Brito ◽  
Natalia G. de Figueiredo ◽  
Claudete N. Kunigami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Bauhinia Forficata

scholarly journals Desamerization of Bitter Jam: Biochemical and Sensory Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Samira Lagha-Benamrouche ◽  
Terkia Benaissa ◽  
Rezki Sadoudi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Bitter Orange ◽  
Sensorial Quality

This work consists of studying the influence of the desamerization of the mesocarpe on the chemical composition and the sensorial quality of the jam, based on the bitter orange. The results of the various analysis show that desamerization decreases acidity, sugars, protein, and bioactive compound levels (carotenoids, polyphenols, and vitamin C), but desamerized jams still remain an important source of antioxidant compounds with antioxidant potential in the diet. Concerning the sensory analysis of the jams, the results show that the jam desamerized with water presents the same bitterness as the bitter jam and that the salt significantly reduces the bitterness of the jams.

scholarly journals A novel flexible tool with rotary ultrasonic spindle for fine grinding of tungsten carbide

2018 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 00018
Author(s):  
Albert Wen-Jeng Hsue ◽  
Yi-Zhong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Cnc Grinding ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Conventional Machining ◽  
Tungsten Steel

Tungsten carbide is a typical difficult-to-cut material by conventional machining processes. In this paper, a novel design of flexible abrasives tool combined with a rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) spindle is conducted to reduce the labor force significantly. The newly designed flexibility of tool-tip is aimed at preventing overcutting from the CNC grinding. The grinding conditions with resulted surface morphology of the tungsten steel were investigated through Taguchi design of experiment and ANOVA analysis. The machining capability of the novel flexible tool is compared with conventional tools through specific grinding paths under proper operational conditions.

Application of Miscible Ethane Foam for Gas EOR Conformance in Low-Permeability Heterogeneous Harsh Environments

SPE Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 1871-1883
Author(s):  
Mohamad Salman ◽  
Konstantinos Kostarelos ◽  
Pushpesh Sharma ◽  
Jae Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fracture Networks ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Minimum Miscibility Pressure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Summary Unconventional plays pose a challenging set of operational conditions, including high temperature, high salinity, low permeability, and fracture networks. Aggressive development of these plays and the low primary recovery factors present an opportunity for using enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. This work presents a laboratory investigation of miscible ethane (C2H6) foam for gas EOR conformance in low-permeability, heterogeneous, harsh environments [<15 md, 136,000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS) with divalent ions, 165°F]. The use of C2H6 as an alternative to carbon dioxide (CO2) offers several operational and availability strengths, which might expand gas EOR applications to depleted or shallower wells. Coupling gas conformance also helps improve displacement efficiencies and maximize overall recovery. Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) displacement tests were performed for dead crude oil from the Wolfcamp Spraberry Trend area using C2H6 and CO2. Aqueous stability, salinity scan, and static foam tests were performed to identify a formulation. Subsequent foam quality and coreflood displacement tests in heterogeneous carbonate outcrop cores were conducted to compare the recovery efficiencies of three processes: gravity-unstable, miscible C2H6 foam; gravity-stable, miscible C2H6; and gravity-unstable, miscible C2H6 processes. Slimtube tests comparing C2H6 to CO2 resulted in a lower MMP value for C2H6. We identified a stable surfactant blend capable of Type I microemulsion and persistent foams in the presence of oil. Corefloods conducted with gravity-unstable miscible C2H6 foam, gravity-stable miscible C2H6, and gravity-unstable miscible C2H6 recovered 98.4, 61.9, and 42.6% oil originally in place, respectively. Our work shows that miscible C2H6 injection processes achieved significant recoveries even under gravity-unstable conditions. The addition of foam provides better conformance control, enhancing overall recovery at the laboratory scale, showing promise for field applications.

Zawartość związków fenolowych w ekstrakcie z propolisu oraz ocena jego aktywności przeciwutleniającej i cytoochronnej względem erytrocytów ludzkich w warunkach stresu oksydacyjnego in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Woźniak ◽  
Lucyna Mrówczyńska ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Marta Babicka ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Propolis Extract

Introduction. Propolis (bee glue) is a natural product collected by honeybees from buds of various trees, shrubs and other plant species. Extracts of propolis possess numerous biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer. For this reason, propolis is currently used in many applications, such as preparations for cold syndrome, dermatological preparations or as a constituent of nutritional supplements and health food. The chemical composition of this natural material is very complex and depending on many factors, including method of extraction and selection of the solvent for the extraction process. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine concentration of selected phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids) in extract of Polish propolis and estimate its antioxidant activity and effect on human red blood cells. Material and methods. In the propolis extract was determined concentration of 14 flavonoids and 9 phenolic acids using ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode detector and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The antioxidant potential of propolis extract was evaluated applying DPPH˙ free radical scavenging activity assay and Fe3+ reducing power assay. Moreover, the cytotoxicity and cytoprotective potential of propolis extract was estimated using human erythrocytes in vitro. Results. The propolis extract contained high concentration of pinocembrin, galangin, chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, coumaric acid and cinnamic acid. It exhibited also high antioxidant potential. The antiradical activity of examined propolis extract was equal to 75% approx. activity of both standard antioxidants used in the study, namely Trolox and BHT. The reducing power of extract was equal to 65% approx. of Trolox and 80% of BHT, respectively. The propolis extract had no hemolytic activity, moreover, effectively protected human erythrocytes against free radicals-induced damage in vitro. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the propolis extract of national origin is a rich source of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Therefore, the propolis extract possesses a high antioxidant potential and can protect erythrocytes against free radicals-induced oxidative hemolysis.

Extraction of Vanillin from Aqueous Matrices by Membrane-Based Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Effect of Operational Conditions on Its Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (31) ◽  
pp. 14064-14074 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Cabezas ◽  
Valentina Prieto ◽  
Andrea Plaza ◽  
Gastón Merlet ◽  
Esteban Quijada-Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Aqueous Matrices

scholarly journals The Effect of Enriching Honey with Propolis on the Antioxidant Activity, Sensory Characteristics, and Quality Parameters

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Habryka ◽  
Robert Socha ◽  
Lesław Juszczak
Keyword(s):  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Natural Way

Bee products, including propolis, are a valuable source of biologically active substances. The most natural way to introduce propolis in the diet seems to be its addition to honey. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of honey enrichment with propolis on the content of selected bioactive compounds, antioxidant potential, as well as sensory and qualitative characteristics of honey. On the basis of the obtained results, it was stated that the addition of propolis extract to honey contributed to a significant increase in the content of polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, among which chrysin, pinocembrin, p-coumaric, and ferulic acid reached the highest level. The increase of antioxidant, antiradical, and reduction in activity of enriched honey was observed as a result of increasing addition of propolis extract. However, the enrichment of honey with propolis contributed to deterioration of the sensory properties. The changes in color, smell, texture, and taste were observed. The addition of propolis to honey had no significant effect on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and sugar content, and specific conductivity. On the other hand, a significant increase in free acidity and content of substances insoluble in water was observed. The obtained results indicate that honey supplemented with propolis extract can be an excellent source of antioxidant compounds, nevertheless, the amount of additive used is strongly dependent on changes in sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability.

scholarly journals Optimization of High-Pressure Extraction Process of Antioxidant Compounds from Feteasca regala Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4209
Author(s):  
Anca Becze ◽  
Vanda Liliana Babalau-Fuss ◽  
Cerasel Varaticeanu ◽  
Cecilia Roman
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Circular economy principles are based on the use of by-products from one operation as the raw materials in another. The aim of this work is to obtain extracts with high antioxidant capacity and resveratrol content for the superior capitalization of the biomass of Feteasca regala leaves obtained during vineyard horticultural operations in spring. In order to obtain a high-quality extract at an industrial level, an optimal extraction process is needed. Central composite design (CCD) was used for the experiment design, which contained three independent variables: the ratio of extraction solvent to solid matter, temperature (°C) and time (minutes). The evaluation of extracts was done by measuring the total antioxidant capacity of the extracts using photo-chemiluminescent techniques, and the resveratrol content using liquid chromatography. Process optimization was done using response surface methodology (RSM). Minitab software version 17.0 was used for the design of experiments and data analysis. Regression analysis showed that the model predicts 87.5% of the variation for resveratrol and 96% for total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The temperature had the biggest influence on the extraction yield. The optimal operational conditions for the extraction method applied had the following conditions: ratio e/m 2.92; 43.23 °C and 55.4 min. A maximum value of 34,623 µg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) /mL total antioxidant capacity and 182.4 µg/mL resveratrol content were obtained when the optimal extraction parameters where used. The values obtained in experiments proved that by using RSM an accurate model can be obtained for extraction of Feteasca regala leaves.

scholarly journals Development of Antioxidant-Loaded Nanoliposomes Employing Lecithins with Different Purity Grades

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5344
Author(s):  
Cristhian J. Yarce ◽  
Maria J. Alhajj ◽  
Julieth D. Sanchez ◽  
Jose Oñate-Garzón ◽  
Constain H. Salamanca
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ethanol Injection ◽  
Aconitic Acid

This work focused on comparing the ability of lecithins with two purity grades regarding their performance in the development of nanoliposomes, as well as their ability to contain and release polar (trans-aconitic acid) and non-polar (quercetin) antioxidant compounds. First, the chemical characterization of both lecithins was carried out through infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC). Second, nanoliposomes were prepared by the ethanol injection method and characterized by means of particle size, polydispersity, and zeta potential measurements. Third, the encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profiles of antioxidants were evaluated. Finally, the antioxidant effect of quercetin and trans aconitic acid in the presence and absence of nanoliposomes was assessed through the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The results showed that, although there are differences in the chemical composition between the two lecithins, these allow the development of nanoliposomes with very similar physicochemical features. Likewise, nanoliposomes elaborated with low purity grade lecithins favored the encapsulation and release of trans-aconitic acid (TAA), while the nanoliposomes made with high purity lecithins favored the encapsulation of quercetin (QCT) and modified its release. Regarding the antioxidant effect, the vehiculization of TAA and QCT in nanoliposomes led to an increase in the antioxidant capability, where QCT showed a sustained effect over time and TAA exhibited a rapidly decaying effect. Likewise, liposomal systems were also found to have a slight antioxidant effect.

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