scholarly journals Screening and Comparison of Lignin Degradation Microbial Consortia from Wooden Antiques

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2862
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Xueyan Ren ◽  
Qiong Lei ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Lignin Concentration ◽  
Fungal Consortium ◽  
Potential Use

Lignin, which is a component of wood, is difficult to degrade in nature. However, serious decay caused by microbial consortia can happen to wooden antiques during the preservation process. This study successfully screened four microbial consortia with lignin degradation capabilities (J-1, J-6, J-8 and J-15) from decayed wooden antiques. Their compositions were identified by genomic sequencing, while the degradation products were analyzed by GC-MS. The lignin degradation efficiency of J-6 reached 54% after 48 h with an initial lignin concentration of 0.5 g/L at pH 4 and rotation speed of 200 rpm. The fungal consortium of J-6 contained Saccharomycetales (98.92%) and Ascomycota (0.56%), which accounted for 31% of the total biomass. The main bacteria in J-6 were Shinella sp. (47.38%), Cupriavidus sp. (29.84%), and Bosea sp. (7.96%). The strongest degradation performance of J-6 corresponded to its composition, where Saccharomycetales likely adapted to the system and improved lignin degradation enzymes activities, and the abundant bacterial consortium accelerated lignin decomposition. Our work demonstrated the potential utilization of microbial consortia via the synergy of microbial consortia, which may overcome the shortcomings of traditional lignin biodegradation when using a single strain, and the potential use of J-6 for lignin degradation/removal applications.

scholarly journals Role of Bacterial-Fungal Consortium for Enhancement in the Degradation of Industrial Dyes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmaa M.M. Mawad ◽  
Abd El-Latif Hesham ◽  
Naiema M.H. Yousef ◽  
Ahmed A.M. Shoreit ◽  
Nicholas Gathergood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Degradation Of Dyes ◽  
Fungal Consortium ◽  
The Individual

Background: The presence of anthraquinone (Disperse blue 64) and azodyes (Acid yellow 17) in a waterbody are considered among the most dangerous pollutants. Methods: In this study, two different isolated microbes, bacterium and fungus, were individually and as a co-culture applied for the degradation of Disperse Blue 64 (DB 64) and Acid Yellow 17 (AY 17) dyes. The isolates were genetically identified based upon 16S (for bacteria) and ITS/5.8S (for fungus) rRNA genes sequences as Pseudomoans aeruginosa and Aspergillus flavus, respectively. Results: The fungal/bacterial consortium exhibited a higher percentage of dyes degradation than the individual strains, even at a high concentration of 300 mg/L. Azoreductase could be identified as the main catabolic enzyme and the consortium could induce azoreductase enzyme in the presence of both dyes. However, the specific substrate which achieved the highest azoreductase specific activity was Methyl red (MR) (3.5 U/mg protein). The tentatively proposed metabolites that were detected by HPLC/MS suggested that the reduction process catalyzed the degradation of dyes. The metabolites produced by the action consortium on two dyes were safe on Vicia faba and Triticum vulgaris germination and health of seedlings. Toxicity of the dyes and their degradation products on the plant was different according to the type and chemistry of these compounds as well as the type of irrigated seeds. Conclusion: We submit that the effective microbial degradation of DB64 and AY17 dyes will lead to safer metabolic products.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ligninolytic Bacteria and Analysis of Alkali-Lignin Biodegradation Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
YI XIONG ◽  
YARU ZHAO ◽  
KUIKUI NI ◽  
YUE SHI ◽  
QINGFANG XU
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Aromatic Esters ◽  
Degradation Ratio ◽  
Lignin Degradation Products

Ligninolytic bacteria degrading lignin were isolates and identified, and their biodegradation mechanism of alkaline-lignin was investigated. Four strains with lignin degradation capability were screened and identified from the soil, straw, and silage based on their decolorizing capacity of aniline blue and colony size on alkaline-lignin medium. The degradation ratio of Bacillus aryabhattai BY5, Acinetobacter johnsonii LN2, Acinetobacter lwoffii LN4, and Micrococcus yunnanensis CL32 have been assayed using alkaline-lignin as the unique carbon source. Further, the Lip (lignin peroxidase) and Mnp (manganese peroxidase) activities of strains were investigated. Lip activity of A. lwoffii LN4 was highest after 72 h of incubation and reached 7151.7 U · l–1. Mnp activity of M. yunnanensis CL32 was highest after 48 h and reached 12533 U · l–1. The analysis of alkaline-lignin degradation products by GC-MS revealed that the strains screened could utilize aromatic esters compounds such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and decomposite monocyclic aromatic compounds through the DBP aerobic metabolic pathway. The results indicate that B. aryabhattai BY5, A. johnsonii LN2, A. lwoffii LN4, and M. yunnanensis CL32 have high potential to degrade alkaline-lignin, and might utilize aromatic compounds by DBP aerobic metabolic pathway in the process of lignin degradation.

Effects of Community Versus Single Strain Inoculants on the Biocontrol of Salmonella and Microbial Community Dynamics in Alfalfa Sprouts†

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANABELLE MATOS ◽  
JAY L. GARLAND
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Acridine Orange Staining ◽  
Physiological Profiles ◽  
Alfalfa Sprouts ◽  
Alfalfa Seeds

Potential biological control inoculants, Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79 and microbial communities derived from market sprouts or laboratory-grown alfalfa sprouts, were introduced into alfalfa seeds with and without a Salmonella inoculum. We examined their ability to inhibit the growth of this foodborne pathogen and assess the relative effects of the inoculants on the alfalfa microbial community structure and function. Alfalfa seeds contaminated with a Salmonella cocktail were soaked for 2 h in bacterial suspensions from each inoculant tested. Inoculated alfalfa seeds were grown for 7 days and sampled during days 1, 3, and 7. At each sampling, alfalfa sprouts were sonicated for 7 min to recover microflora from the surface, and the resulting suspensions were diluted and plated on selective and nonselective media. Total bacterial counts were obtained using acridine orange staining, and the percentage culturability was calculated. Phenotypic potential of sprout-associated microbial communities inoculated with biocontrol treatments was assessed using community-level physiological profiles based on patterns of use of 95 separate carbon sources in Biolog plates. Community-level physiological profiles were also determined using oxygen-sensitive fluorophore in BD microtiter plates to examine functional patterns in these communities. No significant differences in total and mesophilic aerobe microbial cell density or microbial richness resulting from the introduction of inoculants on alfalfa seeds with and without Salmonella were observed. P. fluorescens 2-79 exhibited the greatest reduction in the growth of Salmonella early during alfalfa growth (4.22 log at day 1), while the market sprout inoculum had the reverse effect, resulting in a maximum log reduction (5.48) of Salmonella on day 7. Community-level physiological profiles analyses revealed that market sprout communities peaked higher and faster compared with the other inoculants tested. These results suggest that different modes of actions of single versus microbial consortia biocontrol treatments may be involved.

Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation ofBrassicastraw treated with the aerobic fungus,Trametes versicolor

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Ramirez-Bribiesca ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
L. Jin ◽  
T. Canam ◽  
J. R. Town ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Lignin Degradation Products

Ramirez-Bribiesca, J. E., Wang, Y., Jin, L., Canam, T., Town, J. R., Tsang, A., Dumonceaux, T. J. and McAllister, T. A. 2011. Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation of Brassica straw treated with the aerobic fungus, Trametes versicolor . Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 695–702. Brassica napus straw (BNS) was either not treated or was treated with two strains of Trametes versicolor; 52J (wild type) or m4D (a cellobiose dehydrogenase-deficient mutant) with four treatments: (i) untreated control (C-BNS), (ii) 52J (B-52J), (iii) m4D (B-m4D) or (iv) m4D+glucose (B-m4Dg). Glucose was provided to encourage growth of the mutant strain. All treatments with T. versicolor decreased (P<0.05) neutral-detergent fibre and increased (P<0.05) protein and the concentration of lignin degradation products in straw. Ergosterol was highest (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J, suggesting it generated the most fungal biomass. Insoluble lignin was reduced (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J and B-m4D, but not with B-m4Dg. Mannose and xylose concentration were generally higher (P<0.05) in straw treated with fungi, whereas glucose and galactose were lower as compared with C-BNS. The four treatments above were subsequently assessed in rumen in vitro fermentations, along with BNS treated with 2 mL g−1of 5 N NaOH. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids after 24 and 48h were lower (P<0.05) in incubations that contained BNS treated with T. versicolor as compared with C-BNSor NaOH-treated BNS. Compared with C-BNS, in vitrodry matter disappearance and gas production were increased (P<0.05) by NaOH, but not by treatment with either strain of T. versicolor. Although treatment with T. versicolor did release more lignin degradation products, it did not appear to provide more degradable carbohydrate to in vitro rumen microbial populations, even when a mutant strain with compromised carbohydrate metabolism was utilized. Production of secondary compounds by the aerobic fungi may inhibit rumen microbial fermentation.

Degradation of natural and Kraft lignins by the microflora of soil and water

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don L. Crawford ◽  
Suellen Floyd ◽  
Anthony L. Pometto III ◽  
Ronald L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Different Molecular Weight ◽  
Microbial Attack

The comparative rates of microbial degradation 14C-lignin-labeled lignocelluloses and 14C-Kraft lignins were investigated using selected soil and water samples as sources of microorganisms. Natural lignocelluloses containing 14C primarily in their lignin components were prepared by feeding plants uniformly labeled L-[14C]phenylalanine through their cut stems. 14C-Kraft lignins were prepared by pulping lignin-labeled lignocelluloses. Rates of lignin biodegradation were determined by monitoring 14CO2 evolution from incubation mixtures over incubation periods of up to 1000 h. Observed rates of lignin degradation were slow in all cases. Kraft lignins appeared more resistant to microbial attack than natural lignins, even though they were decomposed more rapidly during the first 100–200 h of incubation. Similar degradation patterns were observed in both soil and water. Individual samples, however, varied greatly in their overall rates of degradation of either lignin type. A Kraft-lignin preparation was separated into a variety of molecular weight fractions by column chromatography on LH-20 Sephadex and the biodegradability of the different molecular weight fractions determined. The lower molecular weight fractions of the Kraft lignin were decomposed at a significantly faster rate by the microflora of soil than were the fractions of higher molecular weight.

scholarly journals A light tunable differentiation system for the creation and control of consortia in yeast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan Aditya ◽  
François Bertaux ◽  
Gregory Batt ◽  
Jakob Ruess
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
Straightforward Manner ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Immense Potential

Artificial microbial consortia seek to leverage division-of-labour to optimize function and possess immense potential for bioproduction. Co-culturing approaches, the preferred mode of generating a consortium, remain limited in their ability to give rise to stable consortia having finely tuned compositions. Here, we present an artificial differentiation system in budding yeast capable of generating stable microbial consortia with custom functionalities from a single strain at user-defined composition in space and in time based on optogenetically-driven genetic rewiring. Owing to fast, reproducible, and light-tunable dynamics, our system enables dynamic control of consortia composition in continuous cultures for extended periods. We further demonstrate that our system can be extended in a straightforward manner to give rise to consortia with multiple subpopulations. Our artificial differentiation strategy establishes a novel paradigm for the creation of complex microbial consortia that are simple to implement, precisely controllable, and versatile to use.

Lignin degradation products as palaeoenvironmental proxies in the sediments of small lakes

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Kuliński ◽  
Joanna Święta-Musznicka ◽  
Andrzej Staniszewski ◽  
Janusz Pempkowiak ◽  
Małgorzata Latałowa
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Lignin Degradation Products

Lignin and related compounds. I. A comparative study of catalysts for lignin hydrogenolysis

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Pepper ◽  
Y. W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Raney Nickel ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Lignin Degradation Products ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Related Compounds

A detailed comparative study has been made of the effectiveness of various catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of spruce wood lignin. The catalysts studied were Raney nickel, 10% palladium–charcoal, 5% rhodium–charcoal, 5% rhodium–alumina, 5% ruthenium–charcoal, and 5% ruthenium–alumina. Lignin degradation products were obtained initially as a chloroform-soluble fraction which was then divided and studied as diethyl ether-soluble and -insoluble fractions. Gas–liquid chromatographic separation of the ether-soluble fraction made possible the characterization and quantitative estimation of many of the lower molecular weight lignin degradation products.The data indicate that rhodium, palladium, and a limited amount of Raney nickel produce similar results as do ruthenium and an excess of Raney nickel; however, with the latter catalysts the degradation is more severe. In particular, rhodium–charcoal and palladium–charcoal appear to offer interesting advantages as catalysts for lignin hydrogenolysis.

Enhancement of lignin degradation and laccase activity in Pleurotus ostreatus by cotton stalk extract

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orly Ardon ◽  
Zohar Kerem ◽  
Yitzhak Hadar
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Fermentation System ◽  
Uv Visible

The white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was grown in a chemically defined solid state fermentation system amended with cotton stalk extract (CSE).Treated cultures exhibited increased laccase activity as well as enhanced lignin mineralization. Mineralization of [14C]lignin initialized 4 days earlier in CSE-supplemented cultures than in control cultures. Total mineralization in the first 16 days was 15% in the CSE-treated cultures, compared with only 7% in the controls. Cotton stalk extract also contained compounds that serve as substrates for laccase purified from P. ostreatus as shown by oxygen consumption, as well as changes in the UV–visible spectrum.Key words: cotton, Pleurotusostreatus, white rot, laccase, lignin biodegradation.

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